Published Paper Details:

Abstract: Background: White spot lesions are white opacity on the surface of the tooth enamel which occurs as a result of subsurface enamel demineralization around the fixed orthodontic brackets is often considered as one of the major clinical challenge in orthodontic patients that can have a psychological impact on the overall treatment outcome. Literature studies have postulated that the position, angulation and alignment of fixed orthodontic appliances creates a favourable environment for the accumulation of debris and microorganisms, which causes enamel demineralization or exacerbates the effects of pre-existing carious lesion. Aim: The present literature review was carried out to elaborate the effect of demineralization and remineralization during and after orthodontic treatment with special emphasis on various remineralizing agents and methods currently available to prevent and/or treat white spot lesions. Discussion: Early management strategies includes patient education, oral prophylaxis, and appropriate good oral hygiene habits along with use of remineralizing fluoridated and nonfluoridated agents such as topical fluorides, varnish, CPP-ACP containing pastes or bioactive glasses before and after orthodontic treatment to reverse demineralization effects and to enhance remineralization process to restore normal oral environment. Conclusion: From the present review it can be postulated that application of remineralizing agents repeatedly over a period of time during and after orthodontic treatment significantly increase their mode of action by producing inhibition effect on enamel demineralization and promote remineralization.