Published Paper Details:

Diabetes mellitus has one of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality and is a rapidly spreading global health issue. In the 21st century, it has exploded into an epidemic. Unwanted side effects might result from long-term usage of several diabetes medicines. As a result, interest in alternative therapeutic strategies using medicinal plants to manage diabetes has increased. Researchers have looked into Momordica charantia, often known as bitter melon or bitter gourd, as a possible herb for treating Type 2 diabetes. Numerous in vivo and animal investigations have shown that different forms of bitter melon have hypoglycemic properties. Charantin, vicine, momordicin, protein polypeptide-p, triterpene glycosides, and saponins are only a few of the bioactive compounds having hypoglycemic properties that are thought to be present in bitter melon fruit and seeds. Charantin and polypeptide-p mimic the actions of insulin, and the other key substances, such as momordicin, vicine, and saponin-rich fraction, encourage the pancreas to secrete insulin. Additionally, bitter melon can help to manage blood sugar by increasing the uptake of glucose by cells and reducing the absorption of glucose into the circulation from the small intestine. Several animal investigations have identified the bitter melon's hypoglycemia mechanism. However, in regards to the effects of bitter melon on Type 2 diabetes, results from human clinical trials were conflicting. In order to establish bitter melon as an alternative treatment for Type 2 diabetes, researchers should concentrate on conducting well-planned clinical trials, offering an accurate dosage range without any adverse effects.