Published Paper Details:

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped hollow organ, located just below the liver on the right side of the body. The gallbladder forms a reservoir to store bile, also known as "gall," which is linked to the origin of its name. The main function of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile (which is produced in the liver) as well as to release bile into the digestive system. Gallstones are small, hard stones that develop due to the accumulation of digestive fluids (bile) in your gallbladder. They are usually caused by high levels of cholesterol, cirrhosis of liver, rapid weight loss or pregnancy. Gallstones, stone-like objects often made of cholesterol or bilirubin can develop in the gallbladder or bile ducts. These stones can cause Sudden; rapid abdominal pain is a common symptom, lasting for several minutes to a few hours. Other symptoms include Nausea and Diarrhoea. In the United States, an estimated 20 million people have gallstones, termed Cholelithiasis, with women being two to three times more likely to have them compared with men. Cholelithiasis is a costly digestive disease for the healthcare system; the pain associated with it is a common reason for emergency department visits. Patients with chronic Cholelithiasis may develop cholecystitis, which can be acute or chronic. Gallstones are most commonly diagnosed using ultrasound. Treatment depends on patient symptoms, other comorbidities, and overall health. Treatment for Cholelithiasis may involve surgery or medical management with oral bile acids. Typically, patients with asymptomatic Cholelithiasis do not warrant therapy unless an issue arises. Expectant management is recommended for asymptomatic stones; recommended treatments for symptomatic stones include laparoscopic cholecystectomy or, sometimes, stone dissolution using Ursodeoxycholic acid (UA).