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Fiber optic technology has dominated the market due to its high data rate and ability to transmit data over great distances it has been proven that fiber optics is a significantly superior technology over metal wires. Fiber optics has reduced signal loss and is less vulnerable to interference. Optical fibers can be used in light transmission applications since they are waveguides. An outer layer of glass or plastic surrounds the optical fiber core, which has a lower refractive index than the fiber core. The complete internal reflection phenomena are necessary to achieve fine confinement of light within the waveguide. The majority of telecommunication networks use fiber optics as a data transmission medium. (1) Today's fibers are made from chalcogenide glasses, fluoroaluminate crystalline materials, and fluorozirconate materials. (2) In the last few decades, the field of fiber optic sensors has advanced dramatically. A higher sensor quality ensures greater data reception. (3) New improvements are being made in technology, such as in free-space technology.