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ABSTRACT The FDRE Constitution Art 51(4) states that the ownership of land vests with state, and Peoples of Ethiopia. One of the functions and power of Federal government is to formulate and execute the country�s foreign investment Polices and Strategies. It also enacts laws for the utilization and conservation of land and other natural resources as per Art 51 (5). Based on Federal laws the States have the power and functions to administer urban land and other natural resources law. In this case Government shall ensure the right of private investors to the use of Urban land lease on the basis of payment of compensation established by law The FDRE Urban Land Lease Proclamation No 721/2011, Oromia Payment of Compensation Proclamation No. 155/2005 and Oromia Urban Land Lease regulation No.182/2008 aim to satisfy the growing urban land demand resulted from a fast economic growth of the country. Adama City is administrations that investors are interested to come and invest due to its good climate conditions. Data collection mothed is by conducting interviews and discution with relevant government offices and investors and analyzing the pertinent laws, this reseach examines, the Oromia urban land lease law and practice of in Adama City. It is a non doctrinal or socio legal research.Sources of information may be categorized into primary, secondary. The researcher has identif Problem is lack of awareness creation to the society and investors, less controlling mechanism, lack of transparency, lack of co-ordination, Lack of transparency, corruption, and Lack of equal payment of compensation methods and legal procedures for upon implication of Urban land lease law in Adama city. In order to mitigate such problems, challenges and legal gaps the federal government is recommended to amend the constitutional power conflict to administer the land and empower the regional states to administer their investment land and Adama City administration should also provide awareness, change the controlling mechanism, be transparent, act impartiality, make co-ordination with stake holder, amend the legal procedure of payment of compensation upon implication of Urban land lease law on promotion and protection of Investment and welfare local people based on the socio-economic situation of Adama city.