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Abstract There has been rapid expansion of education system in terms of enrolment, number of institutions, growth rate, etc since independence. The system has undergone a unique transformation from elitist to an egalitarian one. Therefore, all sections of the population have gained as a result of the enlargement of the system. However, the disparities between the disadvantaged groups� viz. minorities and non-disadvantaged groups have continued. Therefore, there is need to provide special care and opportunities to the traditional disadvantaged population in a democratic society such as ours, which stresses egalitarianism, social justice and economic development for all sections of society. It is with this in view that the Indian constitution provides an ideal of �Equality of opportunities�. Efforts have been made to ensure greater access to the disadvantaged groups by making provisions for free ships, scholarships and reservation. Primary education is the basic need of all children. Learning at this stage may be characterized by group activities, play way techniques, language, number games and activities directed to promote socialization and environmental awareness among children to help them in the process of attaining physical, mental and emotional maturity. Approaches in developing life skills and the formation of good habit and living togetherness need to be addressed with great care. Against this backdrop, present paper aims at examining the status of primary education in Uttar Pradesh.