Published Paper Details:

This study observed that the novel coronavirus severity jostled the most powerful and less influential states of the world into economic threat due to the deactivation of local and international economic activities, which saw the halt of forward and backward linkages. Similarly, the novel corona contagion triggered the immobilisation of persons locally and internationally. Hence ill impacted the global value chain. Central to the aim of decoupling international economic activities and immobilisation of persons is to curtail the spread of the virus. This study observed the approach adopted by the developed axis and the developing axis nay Africa. Concurrently, it was noted that the pandemic threatened the health security of the developed nations, but the social and economic threat was minimal as they are self-sufficient. It explains why developed countries and China were able to adopt self-help and regional approaches to the pandemic. On the contrary, the African continent was not only threatened by health security but clobbered by the economic shock which threatened social security. This is a qualitative study where data were solely generated from secondary sources such as journal articles, online news, textbooks, and reports. Three theoretical frameworks guided this study: the realist theory analysed the skepticism of states towards one another and international regimes in an anarchic international terrain. Consequently, classical development theories (modernisation and dependency) dissected the exogenous and endogenous approaches adopted by primary international actors in the phase of COVID-19. The developed nations and China adopted a dependency approach, while the developing countries nay Africa wholly relied on a modernisation approach to the pandemic and imminent threat it posed. Unfortunately, the modernisation approach did not abate the spread of the pandemic in Africa, but conversely eroded an endogenous approach and made Africa indebted to international monetary regimes. It was equally observed that the reliance on imported welfare exposed the decay of Africa's health sector and its unsustainable economy. Central to the absence of sustainable development in Africa is the unethical reliance on imported welfare, which is an indication of the inability to produce final goods and the absence of real inter-regional trade. This study concluded that the exogenous approach to COVID-19 adopted by the African continent is not potent to overcome the severities of COVID-19. The African continent in the fight against the pandemic should adopt a multilateral approach, which will link the African economies together to balance against the economic shock. Similarly, African medical scientists and trado-medical professionals should synergise in an Afrocentric platform sponsored by the African states, to work vehemently on seeking a solution to the pandemic. Finally, the study warns the African nation to desist from unethical reliance on international regimes and foreign partners as states are known for using aid for the advancement of geo-strategic and geopolitical interests. It is evident in the approach of China in Europe in the phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.