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Published Paper Details:
Livelihood Strategies and Socio-Economic Challenges of the Irula Tribe: A Study in the Nilgiris Region of Tamil Nadu
Authors
Akash Pramoth L
Downlaod Center
Keywords
Irula Tribes, Socio- Economic, Nilgiris District
Abstract
India has a diverse tribal population, among which the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) represent some of the most socio-economically marginalized communities. In Tamil Nadu, the Irula tribe is recognized as one of the six PVTGs and has historically depended on traditional livelihood practices such as hunting, gathering, subsistence agriculture, and small-scale livestock rearing. However, environmental changes, deforestation, and socio-economic transformations have significantly altered these traditional livelihood systems. The present study examines the livelihood patterns and socio-economic conditions of the Irula community with a focus on their access to institutional support and sustainable livelihood opportunities.
The research adopted a descriptive research design and collected primary data from 104 respondents belonging to the Irula community in the Nilgiris region of Tamil Nadu using a self-structured questionnaire. The study analyzed various aspects such as demographic characteristics, income sources, awareness of government welfare schemes, access to institutional support, and satisfaction with healthcare facilities. Descriptive statistical tools such as frequency and percentage analysis were used to interpret the data.
The findings reveal that the livelihood of the Irula community is largely dependent on seasonal migration, wage employment, livestock rearing, and agricultural labour, reflecting economic vulnerability and limited land ownership. The study also indicates moderate awareness of government schemes such as the Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation Project (TNRTP) and Large Sized Adivasi Multipurpose Societies (LAMPS), while a significant proportion of respondents reported inadequate institutional support in preserving indigenous knowledge and improving livelihood opportunities. Furthermore, dissatisfaction with healthcare services highlights the persistent infrastructural challenges in tribal areas.
The study concludes that although institutional initiatives and welfare schemes exist to support tribal development, their reach and effectiveness remain limited. Strengthening awareness programs, improving service accessibility, and promoting community participation are essential to enhance sustainable livelihood opportunities and improve the overall socio-economic well-being of the Irula tribal community.
IJCRT's Publication Details
Unique Identification Number - IJCRT2603529
Paper ID - 302818
Author type - Indian Author
Page Number(s) - e447-e452
Pubished in - Volume 14 | Issue 3 | March 2026
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No Of Downloads - 21
Author Country - India, 641014, Coimbatore, Coimbatore, 641014, Others area
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Akash Pramoth L, "Livelihood Strategies and Socio-Economic Challenges of the Irula Tribe: A Study in the Nilgiris Region of Tamil Nadu", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN:2320-2882, Volume.14, Issue 3, pp.e447-e452, March 2026, Available at :http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2603529.pdf
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