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Background: The healthiest living condition for a child is obviously with a family who will love and nurture as well as provide food, shelter and clothing that will ensure this child's survival. The adverse effects of institutional care living have been recognized as a problem for many years. Many of these children suffer from physical neglect, poor hygiene and a lack of a nurturing environment. It is still common even in today's more modern rescue homes. The principal reason of this is a crowded living conditions and poor hygiene. An appropriate intervention of personal hygiene and appropriate sanitation measures and education are essential pre-requisites for the control of most common infections and to improve the nutritional status of child. The children should get health education to bring about desirable changes in health knowledge, attitude and in practice, and not merely to teach the children a set of rules of hygiene. Objectives: 1. To assess the pretest and posttest knowledge scores regarding prevention of selected health problems among rescue home children. 2. To determine an association between post-test knowledge scores regarding prevention of selected health problems among rescue home children with their selected demographic variables. Hypothesis: H1: The mean posttest knowledge score is significantly higher than the mean pretest knowledge scores regarding prevention of selected health problems at 0.05 level. H2: There will be significant association between the posttest knowledge scores with their selected demographic variables at 0.05 significance level. Methodology: The research design consisted of pre-experimental research design of one group pretest and post-test design. The population selected for the study was Children in selected rescue home of Mumbai. The study samples were 60 rescue home children were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The development of the tool involved steps of test construction i.e. preparing the blue print, selection of items, content validation and establishment of reliability. The content validity of the questionnaire was done and modifications were done according to the suggestions given by the experts. Pre-testing and reliability of the tools were done. The reliability coefficient of the cramp score was found to be 0.893.The tool was found to be reliable. Results: At the time of the pre-test, most children had average knowledge (53.3%), while 35% had satisfactory knowledge, 6.67% had good knowledge, 1.67% had excellent knowledge, and 3.33% had poor knowledge. In the post-test, knowledge levels improved significantly: none were in the poor category, 5% had satisfactory knowledge, 11.67% had average knowledge, 16.67% had good knowledge, and the majority (66.67%) achieved excellent knowledge. Section-wise mean scores also increased from pre-test to post-test, indicating that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding the prevention of selected health problems among children. The pre-test mean score was 11.02 (SD = 2.09), whereas the post-test mean score increased to 17.9 (SD = 4.01). The paired t-test value was 13.148 with a p-value of 0.001, which is less than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected, indicating that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding the prevention of selected health problems among children in the selected rescue home. Regarding demographic variables (age, gender, education, religion, and treatment taken for illness), the p-values for their association with both pre-test and post-test knowledge levels were greater than 0.05 (p > 0.05). This indicates that there was no significant association between these demographic variables and the knowledge levels in either the pre-test or post-test. Conclusion and Recommendations: The result of the study clearly shows the positive effect of planned teaching on the knowledge of children regarding prevention of selected health problems. The planned teaching had markedly improved the knowledge of children regarding prevention of selected health problems.