Volume 8 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Electricity is the backbone of any economy. Electrical energy is the indispensable force that drives all economic activity the greater the energy consumption, the more the economic activity, resulting in the emergence of growth. A steady growth in the economy is a prerequisite for any nation desirous of becoming a developed country. Demand of electricity in India is very high, to meet the growing demand, transformers are playing major role. As the demand of electricity increases, rate of failure of transformers & reactors is also increasing, below referred graph 1a & 1b & table 1 showing energy demand & requirement in India, (source: LGRB 2018-19 report of CEA). This paper based on statistical analysis of catastrophic failures of transformer & reactors. They are designed & constructed in such a way to serve at least 35 years, but they failed very earlier. For the study we have collected data from different utilities across India i.e 21 transformer & 4 reactors of different voltage class. All they are failed between 1st sept. 2015 to 31st Dec 2016. Transformer and reactors are one of the most expensive equipment�s of sub-station. Failure of these equipment�s is just like an ice burg and its impact is unbelievable such as unbalancing of transmission system grid, reliability of network and as well as huge revenue loss and take hundreds of man hour to restore the service and restoring cost i.e lum-sum 50-60K USD which includes cost of arrangement of new part or complete tank, T&P, filter machine, oil storage tank, dry air generator, dismantling of bushing, turrets, cooler units ,Vehicle & Crane for lifting & shifting of materials , dragging, shifting of new transformer, re-erection of bushing, turrets, cooler units, testing & also arranging a team of experts for identifying the root cause of failure. Around the world, utilities apply different approaches to estimate the actual stage of life of their assets. Two main methodologies can be distinguished here; bottom-up and top-down analysis. The bottom-up analysis focuses on the degradation and condition assessment of individual assets. The base for such an analysis is maintenance and diagnostics reports (e.g. DGA, PD-measurement, FRA, dielectric response), loading history and aging characteristics obtained through investigations performed on service-aged materials. The top-down analysis investigates the condition of the whole population by means of analytical tools (e.g. statistical distributions). In such approach, the information about number and ages of both failed and installed units are essential. Emphasis is put in this case on economic and strategic life-time assessment. Results of a top-down analysis are e.g. failure frequency, age of assets which are most likely to fail. However, both approaches have certain limitations, imposed by the differences in design and operating regimes. The main aim of this paper is to discuss modes of failure, causes of failures, service life, failure trend based on statistical analysis. Study of every failure is important, they provide a key information to design more reliable and efficient product.

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 Keywords

Transformer & Reactors, Failure, Faults, Overloading

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The idea of ethnocentrism was initially utilized by sociologists and anthropologists, however after some time different orders have embraced and utilized it generally. All things considered, regardless of the wide utilization (or maybe as a result of it), ethnocentrism has been a dangerous idea, with changed, free, and conflicting uses. Ethnocentrism is frequently assembled, or even utilized reciprocally, with ideas, for example, bigotry, patriotism, separation, partiality, and xenophobia. Like these related ideas, ethnocentrism is viewed as a bothersome marvel. As needs be, a significant capacity of most utilizations of ethnocentrism is to censure it as negative, wrong, and hurtful, and the basic is to stay away from, lessen, and kill it. Albeit different creators have regularly addressed whether it is conceivable to kill ethnocentrism, it is uncommon to utilize the idea with positive undertones, despite the fact that now and again ethnocentrism has been seen as important. All in all, two calculated errors have influenced the investigation of ethnocentrism. The principal false notion alludes to the inclination to utilize the idea of ethnocentrism to indicate various and irrelevant wonders. The subsequent false notion relates to the inclination to contemplate the wonder of ethnocentrism utilizing various ideas. For instance, the anthropologist Franz Boas, one of the most vocal rivals and pundits of ethnocentrism, regularly expounded on marvels that others marked ethnocentrism, however didn't utilize the idea itself in his significant compositions. It is no uncertainty because of the early expansive, uncertain, and free uses that ethnocentrism has implied various things to various controls and people. Likewise, notwithstanding authentic intrigue, it is essential to comprehend the first utilizations of ethnocentrism as these have influenced most future uses.

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Ethnocentrism, anthropologist, inclination, investigation, partiality

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In recent days, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has played a major role in the field of medical imaging. Segmentation of MRI datasets helps in brain abnormalities detection by improved understanding, predicting the growth rate and enhanced treatment planning. Manual segmentation is identified to be more time consuming and sometimes the results are inaccurate. Automating the above task lies the real challenge owing to the problem of intensity inhomogeneity that occurs in the MRI dataset. Deep learning has been already excelling in wide ranged fields like text processing, Image Segmentation, Speech recognition, drug discovery, toxicology and various other fields. Deep learning for medical image analysis helps to integrate various ideas through their convolutional and fully connected networks. In this study we discuss about brain tumor which has its mortality level increasing at an alarming rate. In our proposal various brain tumor prediction and segmentation techniques are discussed and the best approach is compared for overall performance using various deep learning approaches.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain tumor Segmentation and Brain abnormalities.

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Education is the basic tool for empowering a woman; moreover, Education is the key to development. India has made progress in education, but not enough and definitely India attained independence, almost sixty percent of girls / women are not literate. Most of them have never been to school or any other education programmee. Education-basic, functional or digital, always enlightens a person from the darkness of ignorance and innocence. Awareness about importance of cleanliness, good habits and knowledge about various disciplines helps a woman to support her family and groom her children as better citizens of the society. Girls need life skills. Thinking critically, empathizing and relying on themselves help them meet day-to-day challenges and make informed decisions. When girls learn these skills and how to use them daily, they become better to handle the challenges they may face, from gender and many situations. The primary aim of running girls school is to provide a safe and comfortable environment for the girl child. In India, the girls rarely get a chance to get a proper education, and these schools ensure they get the best ambience to study. The present paper focuses on status and challenges of Girl�s Secondary Education in India.

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Girl�s Education, Secondary School, National Programs, Andhra Pradesh

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Abstract The Panchayati Raj Institutions in India is not of recent origin, the system existed from the Vedic period which was based on the principles of decentralization and mass participation in decision making. The term Panchayati Raj was coined by our first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru who favoured the idea of village republic. Gandhiji realized the importance of village Panchayat as an important instrument of rural development, promoting democracy at grass-root. His term for such a vision was �Gram Swaraj� (village self governance). According to him, �if the village perishes India will perish too. It will no more be India. Her own mission in the world gets lost.� The main objective of this paper is to understand the PRI�s from historical perspective and the changes after the implementation of 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) in India. This Research Paper is based on secondary sources and the data is collected from Books, Journals, Articles, etc.

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Keywords: PRI�s in India, Historical background of PRI�s, 73rd CAA & Changes after CAA

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The thesis is intended to research the composite shaft material in place if conventional shaft material (Carbon steel SAE 1045). Substituting composite structure in place of conventional metallic structure has advantages like higher strength, high specific stiffness and lower density. The Property of composite shaft is used for the applications in which reducing weight is an important factor without compromising the quality and factor of safety. This thesis was carried out for industries in which manufactures Motors and Generators. This thesis aims at providing the less weight composite shaft when compared to the conventional shaft and it will be used in motor which demands lesser overall weight.

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COMPOSITE SHAFT FOR AN MOTOR

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Since independence, under the planned process of development, the Indian industries have been making remarkable efforts for speedy development in industrialisation across the globe. A variety of purposeful policies and measures has been undertaken to promote industrial development in the world. Accordingly, the industrial sectors in India witnessed significant changes by adopting the multi dimensional strategies in their operations. E-commerce is one of the dimensional strategies. EC provides benefit to business firms while reducing transaction cost, facilitates in spreading markets geographically, and improves compatibility between parties. It is a assured application of IT brought a revolution in supply chain management which includes manufacturing, retail and service operations. The article focused on the importance of E-Commerce and an attempt have been made to define different types of e-commerce as well as explored its major elements in relation with industrial management. Besides, the process of E-Commerce components may observe in different areas of industry such as manufacturing, retailing and service operations.

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E-commerce; Supply chain management; Elements and Framework.

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The advancement of technology leads to increasing accuracy of computer vision such as machine learning in which a machine learns itself, without explicit programming. The field deep learning which is a subset of machine learning in Artificial intelligence uses patterns used in decision making has made task of image processing much easier. This paper will focus on TensorFlow by google. The trained coco models are taken with input which in turn produces output boxes where objects are identified within frames with percentage match and labels. This survey paper will elaborate the actual working of TensorFlow. The working of COCOAPI models includes capturing, storing and comparing thousands of images with real time objects and percentage matches are described with its process in ensuring literature surveys. Apart from this, paper also includes some details about yolo for training object detection models.

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TensorFlow, cocoapi, weights, models, OpenCV, image processing, deep learning, artificial intelligence, machine learning

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William Shakespeare,often called England's national poet,is considered as the greatest dramatist of all time.Kalidasa,known as the Shakespeare of India,is regarded as the greatest of the Sanskrit dramatists of India.Though Shakespeare and Kalidasa belonged to different age , culture and language but as a great literary luminaries they both shared many things in common.Both the writers had a deep understanding of human nature.Their writings capture the range of human emotion and conflict.In this paper an attempt has been made to bring out some of the similar concepts used by both the writers in treating love and Supernatural elements in the plays The Tempest and Abhijnanashakuntalam.

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William Shakespeare,Prosperous,Miranda,Ariel, Supernatural,Kalidasa,Shakuntala,Dusyant

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: It is widely accepted that settlements can be differentiated in terms of rural and urban, but there is no consensus on what exactly defines a village or a town. Although population size is an important criterion, it is not a universal criterion since many villages in densely populated countries of India and China have population exceeding that of some towns of Western Europe and United States. At one time, people living in villages pursued agriculture or other primary activities, but presently in developed countries, large sections of urban populations prefer to live in villages even though they work in the city. The basic difference between towns and villages is that in towns the main occupation of the people is related to secondary and tertiary sectors, while in the villages most of the people are engaged in primary occupations such as agriculture, fishing, lumbering, mining, animal husbandry, etc. Depending on the size, the rural settlements are classified as Hamlets is rural settlement comprising of few houses only), true village communities, villages and large villages. True village community are just ancient and long settled villages where in extreme cases, no personal property exists and everything belongs to community of peasants. Such village communities are seen in India, Malaya and France.

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 Keywords

Rural , settlement , compact and helmeted.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition