Volume 8 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

An experiment was conducted during 2018-19, in field bean crop (Dolichos lablab.) at research experimental plot, RIOF and NSP field, UAS, Bengaluru. Where we have imposed various farming production systems to study the status of rhizosphere microbial population at various growth stages of the crop. The beneficial microbial consortia includes biofetilizers, and Beejamritha was provided externally through the seed treatment application and jeevamritha was provided throughout the crop growth period at 15 days interval. Among the results obtained, the Zero Budget Natural Farming treatment was recorded highest population of bacteria (55X10-5), N fixers (3.4X10-5) and P solubilizers (34.8X10-5). With respect to the population of actinomycetes and fungi it was observed that the highest count was in the treatment of Organic Farming Practice (32.2X10-4) and UAS, (B) Package of Practice (23X10-3) respectively. But in the overall scenario ZBNF has shown the highest count of microbial population in the rhizosphere soil, compare to rest of the farming production systems.

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Key words : Bacteria, Fungi, actinomecetes, N fixers and P solubilizers

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Known as 'Chin' in Myanmar,' Pawi' in India and 'Bawm' in Bangladesh, the Lai people form a prominent and significant group among the Kuki-Lushai-Chin peoples of Myanmar, India, and Bangladesh. Their origin is however a mystery. A general believe among the people is that they came from China.

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Lai, Chin, Pawi, place of origin, China, Li, Ch'iang, 'Lairam', Middle Kingdom Complex.

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????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? 11??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? 94163 ???? ??0 ??0 ??, ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? 2011 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? 11 ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???, ???? ???? ??? �?????� ????????3 31 ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? 1951 ??? 642%, 1961 ??? 741%, 1971 ??? 797%, 1981 ??? 984% 1991 ??? 1040%, 2001 ??? 1047%, 2011 ??? 113% ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ??????, ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???

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??????, ???????, ?????????, ???????? ????????

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ABSTRACT :- The main purpose and aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of bark of Cassia alata (MECG). The analgesic activity of the extract was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using Eddy's hotplate method and acetic acid-induced writhing respectively. The anti flammatory activity was evaluated by using Digital plethysmometer . The study was carried out using dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. The pharmacological screening of the extract showed significant analgesic activity with good anti-inflammatory profile

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Keywords: - Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, Cassia alata

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The pandemic situation of COVID-19 led to phases of lockdowns in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Everything could wait, but not agriculture. Hence the farmers adopted technology as a resource to overcome the farming challenges that the pandemic situation brought about. With strict norms of social distancing and limited mobility among the population, farmers went ahead to adopt mobile based technology for farm related decisions. The increased number of viral infections of COVID-19 made the farmers to adopt to various existing M-Commerce platforms for the purchase of agrochemicals during the onset of the season of Kharif 2020. The research attempts to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown that followed through, on the adoption of M-Commerce platforms for the purchase of agrochemicals like herbicides, nutrients, fungicides, insecticides and other chemicals for the farming of Kharif crops by farmers of Madhya Pradesh. The research study utilized simple survey of selected farmers who chose M-Commerce as a solution to their buying problems for agrochemicals. M-Commerce, due to its various advantages of being able to access the services from any location by the user, convenience and ease of use, completely abiding to the laws of social distancing and lockdown during the pandemic, grew abundantly amongst the farmers of Madhya Pradesh. The boom of �Digital India� was experienced mainly during this pandemic struck time in the country. This behavioral shift of the farmers can be a potential growth factor of many startups jumping into agrochemical marketing using M-Commerce channel.

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M-Commerce, COVID-19, Lockdown, Agriculture, Farmers, Agrochemicals.

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WARN VYAVASTHA KI UTPATTI

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800

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Background of the study An intellectually disabled child requires more parental attention and involvement than a normally developing child. The attitude of parents towards their disabled child plays an important role in adaptive skill development in child and improving the quality of life of both parent and child. Objectives of the study The main aim of this study was to assess the attitude of mothers towards care of their intellectually disabled child. Methods A descriptive study was conducted to assess the attitude of parents of intellectually disabled children. 150 parents of children with mild and moderate intellectual disability were selected for the study. The sample was selected with purposive sampling method. The setting of the study was three selected Special schools at Calicut district, Kerala. A demographic questionnaire and a parental attitude scale for problem children by N. Rangaswamy (1989) were administered to assess the attitude of parents towards care of their children. A descriptive statistics was carried out to find out the mean attitude scores of parents towards their intellectually disabled children. Results Majority (81.3%) of mothers spent 4-8 hours per day for their job or house hold works. The time spends for care of their intellectually disabled child was 3-6hours per day by majority (81.3 %) of mothers. Majority (60%) of the children belonged to the age group of 13-17 years. The results showed that majority (46%) mothers having a moderately unfavorable attitude (mean score 42.3 and 36.7 % mothers were having a favorable attitude and 17.3% of mothers having highly unfavorable attitude towards care of their intellectually disabled children. The results showed that there is no association between the gender of child (?2= 4.72), age of the child (?2=1.117) and educational status of the mother (?2=3.84) with parental attitude. There is a significant association found in mother�s occupational status (?2=15.38) and family income per month (?2=12.74) with the attitude of mothers. Conclusion Parental attitude towards care of intellectually disabled children has very important role in the proper growth and development of the child. This study shows that majority of the mothers were having a moderately unfavorable attitude towards their children.

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Intellectually Disabled Children, Parental Attitude, Special Schools

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An esthetically pleasant well balanced human face has been aptly divided into three equal vertical proportions, as the middle one third is filled principally by the nose, it becomes more prominent and the lower one third needs to be balanced with it. The nose, combined with the lips and chin influences the overall facial harmony as they form part of the soft tissue analysis. So, the present cross sectional study aims to investigate gender differences in nasal proportions with different growth patterns in gujarati adults. The sample consisted equal number of adult (18-25 years) males and females (n=30 in each group) with different growth patterns based on jarabak�s ratio. Soft copy of Conventional 2D lateral cephalogram was processed in adobe photoshop software cs3 version 10.0 for assessment of nasal proportions. Statistical analysis by Independent t test revealed that Males had more and highly significant (p<0.001)difference for nasal length, nasal depth 2, lower dorsum and columella convexity , total facial convexity with nasal tip in all growth patterns. Whereas nasal length in average and horizontal and nasolabial angle in average and vertical growth pattern. Sexual dimorphism was found for nasal proportions Males had long prominent nose in all growth pattern but straight in average, with hump in horizontal and convex in vertical growth pattern.

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A CROSS SECTIONAL LATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY TO INVESTIGATE GENDER DIFFERENCES FOR NASAL PROPORTIONS

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In the present investigation, the water of river Ganga near Barauni (Bihar) was studied at two different sites for two consecutive years with reference to diversity index of phytoplankton to its Species diversity, Species richness, Species evenness. The average mean value of Species diversity were found varying from bits/Individual,Species richness from 5.41- 5.48 and Species evenness from 0.93- 0.91 at site-I and site-II.From the above finding the present investigation indicates that the river water is moderately polluted at both sites near Barauni.

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River Ganga, Species diversity, Species richness, Species evenness

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Occupation plays a crucial role in the livelihood of an individual and a household for their survival. India is a very diverse country and so has several types of occupations available to employ. However, the classification of the occupations has certain patterns and specificity in the sense of regions, gender, caste, and class. In this paper, an analysis has been performed for several occupational groups across the sector (rural-urban) and sex (male-female) based on the several age groups to understand the dynamics of occupations with respect to the age categories. For the purpose, the first periodic labour force survey 2017-18 has been used along with the �one� digit code of national classification of occupation- 2004. This study is analytical and descriptive. The result finds the existence of rural-urban and male-female dimensions in the choice of occupation across the age groups of an individual. Most of the workers are employed in agriculture occupations, especially in the rural sector. The median age of a worker is highly concentrated for the age group of 30-44 years. A significant proportion of workers are still occupied in several occupations even after 60 years and old. This implies the need for a policy suggestion to increase the retirement age proportional to several occupations.

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Occupations, Age-Structure, Labour Force, Employment- Unemployment, India

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