Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

The introduction and use of cashless transaction has always been a challenging job everywhere as 85 percent of the global transactions are still cash based. India too is facing the hardships in introducing the system, where 95 percent transactions are done with cash. Obviously, there are benefits of the system. It can check monetary evils like money laundering, tax evasion, black money, parallel economy, terrorist funding etc. However, the challenges are also countless. In the main, India is lacking in infrastructure necessary for digital transactions. Coupled with this is the problem of cyber fraud. Inadequate e-literacy awareness among the masses is another setback. The dual character of our economy aggravates the problem, leaving vast majority of the people outside the arena of cashless transactions. The rural sector, especially in the periphery of the country needs special attention for a successful cashless India mission.

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 Keywords

Cashless economy, Digital transaction, Infrastructure, Dual economy, PURA

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Image enhancement is an important task in image processing, use of spectral subtraction improves the quality of an image and reduces noise level. Noise reduction is an important step for any complicated algorithms, in computer vision and image processing. In this dissertation proposed a hybrid method for medical image enhancement for improvement of Echocardiographic Images. The process of Echocardiographic Images gets the high component value of noise in environment. For the reduction of these noise used wavelet transform domain method. The wavelet transform method is well recognized method for noise reduction. In wavelet transform method the local noise component value is not considered. Then after the enhancement process noise are still remain in Echocardiographic Images. For these low components value collection used multiple sequences. And finally used self-organized map network.

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 Keywords

Digital Image, Image Enhancement, SOM, DWT, PSNR.

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Employees' State Insurance Scheme of India is an integrated social security scheme tailored to provide social protection to workers and their dependants, in the organised sector, in contingencies, such as, sickness, maternity and death or disablement due to an employment injury or occupational hazard. The Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 (ESI Act) provides for health care and cash benefit payments in the case of sickness, maternity and employment injury. The Act applies to all non-seasonal factories run with power and employing 10 or more persons and to those factories which run without power and employing 20 or more persons. The appropriate Government may after notification in the Official Gazette, extend the provision of the Act to any other establishment or class of establishments, industrial, commercial, agriculture or otherwise. Despite all the endeavours made by the Corporation for the effective functioning of the ESI Scheme in the country, public discernment of the Corporation has not been very positive. They felt that the Corporation has not given any regard for the quality of services and benefits provided to the insured persons and their dependents. Further, no adequate steps are being taken to improve the awareness of the Scheme among the insured persons and employers. Therefore, this paper analyses some of the key issues in the working of the ESIC and the extent to which they address the question of social protection in the country.

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 Keywords

Social Security, Employee State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), Insured persons, Functioning, Dependents, Factories, Establishments.

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This paper substantially sketches out the existing situation of E-waste laws in India. The author tries to combine the broad principles of the eco-justice perspective of green criminology. From an eco-justice perspective environmental harm is best seen in terms of justice, which in turn is based upon ideas of human, ecological, and species rights and comprehensive egalitarian principles. Environmental victimization is considered from the point of view of transgressions against humans, specific biospheres or environments, and non-human animals. The E-waste problem at global as well in India is currently an issue to be discussed. This article focuses on the difficulty of developing nations of the world, as they stagger under an increasing burden of the world's electronic waste. Dismantled parts of electronic goods are poisonous - hazardous to both the health of workers handling them, as well as to the environment. Third world nations are the worst hit, due to poverty, low awareness, and general vulnerability. The author has attempted to analyze the causes, effects, and potential solutions to this problem, especially focus on Indian scenario. This article surveys the problem of electronic waste within the international legal framework, with Special emphasis on the domestic setup of India, selected as examples of leading developing countries.

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 Keywords

Green criminology, Conservation criminology, Environmental victimisation, International protection, E-waste

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Increased demand of Asphaltum (Shilajit) in immunity modulation and fertility has generated intense interest among the producers and regulators to ensure its quality. For doing so, there is a need to isolate its chemical markers and analyze the same. Urolithins (Benzocoumarins) are one of the bioactive phytoconstituents in Asphaltum. Urolithin A and B are found to be present in Shilajit. The objective of this study was to develop a simple method for isolation of Urolithin A and B from Asphaltum. Elementary solvent partitioning technique was used for the extraction and isolation of Urolithins. Organic solvents like Methanol, Ethyl acetate, Petroleum ether etc were used. The isolated compounds were identified and characterized by TLC, UV, IR and MS spectral analysis and purity was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The isolated markers Urolithin A shows absorption maxima at 280, retention factor at 0.22, m/z at 277; Urolithin B shows absorption maxima at 277 and 303, retention factor at 0.6 and m/z at 211 nm which complies with the literature values. The purity as obtained by HPLC for Urolithin A and B is 93.1%w/w and 90.65%w/w. This isolation method developed involved easy solvent-solvent extraction technique instead of tedious column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatographic technique.

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 Keywords

Urolithins; Asphaltum; Benzocoumarin; HPLC

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Microbial degradation is the major and ultimate natural mechanism that can clean up the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from the environment, whereas the contamination of soil is due to release of hydrocarbons in environment and causes extensive damage to local ecosystem. During present investigation eight species of six genera of fungi have been isolated and identified soil contaminated with petrol / petroleum products that facilitate the candidacy as bioremediation agents. Fungal isolates have been screened for their ability to degrade petroleum product (Petrol, Diesel and Mobil oil) and all fungal isolates exhibited degrading ability whereas the highest potential was observed in Curvularia lunata and the ability of other fungal isolates were found as Curvularia lunata > Fusarium solani > Aspergillus niger > Aspergillus fumigates > Penicillium notatum >Fusarium oxysporum > Rhizopus nigricans > Mucor sp. Myco-degrading potential of fungal isolates revealed that - Curvularia lunata, Fusarium solani and Aspergillus niger have the ability to degrade petrol/petroleum product. Hence this strain can be used in cleaning oil polluted sites to protect the soil and environment.Ultimately findings revealed the extents to which the isolate could degrade crude oil hydrocarbon.

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 Keywords

Myco-degradation, Hydrocarbon degraders, Soil fungi, Petroleum products.

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Agriculture is one of the oldest and most important occupations. It the backbone of the Indian economy and it plays a major role in the overall socio-economic development. Therefore agricultural planning is highly essential for the agricultural development. But the major question arises how to identify the region with less agricultural development or high agricultural development. In most of the literature it is studied that the level of agricultural development is studied at the block level, but in this paper, an attempt is taken to study the spatial variation of agricultural development at a village level. The village level census data is taken into consideration to identify the backward villages with less agricultural development. Selected agricultural indicators and Composite Index method are used to calculate the level of agricultural development.

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 Keywords

Level of Agricultural Development, Indicators, Composite Index

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Several symptoms such as Hearing loss, head ache, tinnitus etc was associated with patients with acoustic schwannoma. A high-frequency sensory-neural hearing loss is the most common type, occurring in approximately two-thirds of patients. However in Indian population the presentation of symptoms, the order of symptoms is not known. The present retrospective study was attempted to account for the frequency of symptoms onset, degree of hearing impairment as well as the measures of distortion product otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses and acoustic stapedius reflex. The analysis was done on 100 confirmed patients (44 females and 56 Males) of acoustic schwannoma. The patients were in the range of 45-60 years with a mean age of 52 years (SD = 2.5). The present study has revealed hearing loss as the most common symptom in 90% of the patients which is in agreement with other studies. The cochlear pattern was observed in 63.4% of patients while 36.6% was non-cochlear type.

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ACOUSTIC SCHWANNOMA

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Impact of Myanmar’s Militarised Democracyon Indo-Myanmar Relations

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Impact of Myanmar’s Militarised Democracyon Indo-Myanmar Relations

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Domestic violence, Women Rights, human rights.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition