Volume 5 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Indian constitution has all the features of federal constitution, the centre and states are independent to make laws in the respective field assigned by the constitution. However, the centre has supremacy in certain situations that is also mentioned in the Constitution itself. If either government tries to transgress the limits an independent judiciary plays an important role as the apex court is considered the protector and guarantor of the Constitution. The concept of federalism in India keeps changing since the commencement of the Constitution. The Indian model of federalism may be one of the most interesting types in the world, characterised by the fact that it begins with a paradox: "centralised federalism". This paper involves the temporal framework in the discourse on Indian federalism by tracing the history of the country's federal structure in four different time periods, from the birth of the India as a republic to these contemporary times. This shows how the political factors are prevailing in each of these four different phases served to strengthen the Indian federal discourse, despite the centralised constitutional set-up of Indian polity. This paper tries to achieve the aim of highlighting the different patterns of Indian federal response shaped by the various political factors over the time and provides the recommendations for strengthening India's federal structure.

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 Keywords

Federalism, Constitution

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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EVALUATION OF A SAFE AND EFFICIENT ENERGY EFFORT SEARCHING TECHNIQUE ON MOBILE CLOUD

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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EVALUATION OF A SAFE AND EFFICIENT ENERGY EFFORT SEARCHING TECHNIQUE ON MOBILE CLOUD

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indian government recently demonetized high-value notes, such as the 500 and 1000, in an effort to find hidden funds and combat corruption, monetary fraud, and the financing of terrorism. This choice was regarded as the biggest .the most successful campaign against black money in Indian economic history. However, different specialists have different opinions on demonetization, with some arguing that it will hurt the illegal market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Demonetization, Corruption, Black money, finance terrorists, GDP, illegal market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A WSN is a collection of sensor nodes organized into a co-operative network. Each sensor node is consisting of microcontroller, memory unit, battery unit and communication interface. WSN were invented to study, control and monitor events and phenomenon. WSNs are having variety of applications in industrial, medical and military areas. Sensor node senses the data, processes it and shares it via communication unit to a base station or a sink node. As these nodes are mostly deployed in harsh environments or unattended areas with limited energy sources, they are more prone to failures. These failures may be due to battery depletions, hardware failures or communication link failures. These may lead to lower desired level of functionality. In this paper, areas of fault occurrences in nodes, importance of fault tolerance and some fault tolerance mechanisms for WSNs are covered in detail.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fault detection, Fault tolerance mechanisms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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North Bengal is famous for its flora, and fauna. A large number of portions of this region are covered by the tea gardens. Tea garden has a glorious history in this area, especially Darjeeling tea which is very famous for its aroma and flavor throughout the world. A large number of people depend on the Tea garden for their livelihood. But the tea industry of this region also has a dark side. The Tea workers, who are the essential parts of tea production, without whose work production of tea is possible, have a miserable condition. Especially women workers are confronted with many difficulties including trafficking, poor health and hygiene status, insecure livelihood opportunities etc. So, it indicates the fact that tea industries are unable to protect the workers and also fail to address the consequences of those problems. This paper highlights various problems of women tea workers, their vulnerability and challenges in tea gardens of North Bengal.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Human Rights, Tea worker

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In order to match the international standards in teaching and research, a mentor must continuously work hard to stay up with the expanding body of knowledge. Standards for excellence in research often place an emphasis on the qualities of objectivity, internal validity, external validity, reliability, rigour, open-mindedness, honest and detailed reporting. Researchers generally lacks credibility, even with its target audience of teachers and administrators maybe because of not using educational research to influence educational practice. There is need for a conceptual framework to serve as the foundation for educational research as there is low comprehension of research methods, and the inability of the research to have an impact on educational policies, programmes, or practice. This paper is an attempt to study the various research initiatives in India, their contribution and identification of lacunae during conduct of research. Suggestions have been given to overcome these lacunae.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Research, Knowledge, Standard, Educational practice, Initiatives.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The solution studies the proton-ligand stability constant pK and metal ligand stability constants logk of binary (1:1) complexes of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) with substituted thiocarbamido phenols have been studied at 0.1 M ionic strength in 65% ethanol-water mixture by Bjerrum method as adopted by Calvin and Wilson. It is observed that Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) metal ions form 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with ligands (L1 & L3). The information acquired was used to estimate and compare the values of proton -ligand stability constant (pK) and metal-ligand stability constants (logk). The effects of substituents were studied from the evaluated information (pK and logk).

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Substituted thiocarbamidophenols, stability constant, pH-metry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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THE ROLE OF BENGALI NEWSPAPER IN COLONIAL TIME

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THE ROLE OF BENGALI NEWSPAPER IN COLONIAL TIME

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cloud computing is a new field of study that benefits all types of users, from average consumers to major corporations. The present research interests of researchers have been on several cloud computing study fields, such as load balancing, cost management, workflow scheduling, etc. Some conventional approaches have been devised to address these issues; however, they are not very successful. Since the past ten years, a significant area of concern has been the application of energy optimisation in cloud computing. This chapter emphasises the applicability of nature-inspired algorithms to a variety of cloud computing challenges in a detailed (yet condensed) survey report. The chapter seeks to give a thorough understanding of nature-inspired optimisation methods and their application to the challenges of cloud technology. There is also discussion of some potential future possibilities for cloud computing research.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cloud computing, Efficient Energy optimization, Load balancing, Work flow scheduling, Cost optimization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents design and development of buck and boost converter for BLDC motor used in electric vehicle. An electric vehicle working with BLDC motor energized from battery with the help of buck and boost converter, in which battery is used as source of energy. Present work portray 24V battery is used to run the BLDC motor using buck and boost converters. If the battery is completely charged the voltage of the battery is more than 24V and if the battery is low, then the voltage is below 24V. This high and low voltage condition of the battery will affect the motor drives. Using DC-DC converters we can supply constant voltage and current to BLDC motor for its smooth running.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

DC-DC converter, Buck Converter, Boost Converter, Buck-Boost Converter, Buck-Boost regulator.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition