Volume 2 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This study examined the financial challenges faced by agricultural workers and how these challenges impact their well-being, productivity, and the sustainability of farming practices. Using a combination of survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 150 agricultural workers, we found that financial insecurity significantly affects mental health, stress levels, efficiency, and productivity. The interconnected challenges of high input costs, debt, and financial struggles impact their livelihoods. Our findings emphasize the importance of addressing financial insecurity among agricultural workers through comprehensive measures such as government support, financial literacy programs, access to credit, and the promotion of sustainable farming practices. These findings have important implications for policymakers, agricultural organizations, and other stakeholders concerned with promoting sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security.

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 Keywords

financial challenges, agricultural workers, livelihoods, sustainable agriculture, food security.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research paper examines the evolving landscape of financial reporting practices and transparency in Indian corporates, highlighting key developments and challenges from 2004 to 2014. It explores the impact of regulatory changes, such as the transition to Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) and the Companies Act of 2013, on financial reporting quality. The paper addresses the roles of external auditors and internal controls in ensuring compliance and accuracy, and investigates the implications of financial reporting on corporate governance. Key trends in financial reporting, including advancements in technology, the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors, and the shift towards real-time reporting, are analysed. By reviewing case studies and empirical data, the paper provides insights into how these factors contribute to enhanced transparency, stakeholder trust, and governance practices. The findings underscore the need for continuous adaptation to regulatory requirements and technological innovations to uphold the integrity of financial reporting.

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 Keywords

Financial Reporting, Transparency, Indian Accounting Standards, Corporate Governance, External Auditors, Internal Controls, ESG Reporting, Real-Time Reporting, Regulatory Compliance, Technological Innovations

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Manual scavenging is the most inhuman work in modern world. India is the notorious hub of manual scavenging. Manual scavenging has been an integral part of caste system and it survives in modern independent India as a testimony to the continuation of caste occupations and their myriad forms of coercions and social controls. Mahatma Gandhi in one of his celebrated essays ''The Ideal Bhangi'', published in Harijan in 1936, sees manual scavenging and scavengers in totally different perspective. He glorifies the social productivity of manual scavenging and illustrates the social need for someone becoming and continuing the profession of scavenging passionately without expecting any reward other than self-satisfaction. In this article we are examining to what extent Gandhian concept of Ideal Bhangi is in conformity with the modern notions of liberal man with autonomy and choice in life decisions. Here we are critically analysing the extent of personhood in Ideal Bhangi.

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 Keywords

Manual Scavenging, Ideal Bhangi, Personhood, Hermeneutics, Social Death.

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The intelligent traffic management system uses the air to improve traffic flow in the city and reduce traffic congestion by processing images and deep learning. The system performs preprocessing operations such as resizing, grayscale conversion, etc. by preprocessing the vehicle image in the configuration file. The main features are extracted using the metric and local binary model (LBP). These images are divided into training and test sets for developing and evaluating the vehicle evaluation model using YOLO. The traffic is calculated as the number of vehicles per unit length and sent to the cloud server for storage. The server uses a signal switching algorithm to calculate the time it takes for traffic to see the green light. The system's performance is measured by indicators such as accuracy and error, and the results are presented in comparison tables and tables. The web API also allows users to register, log in, upload images, and view results, increasing accessibility and user engagement.

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 Keywords

YOLO, LBP, Machine learning, smart traffic management

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The automotive industry is witnessing a paradigm shift in lighting technology, with advancements in Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), and Adaptive Headlights. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of these innovative lighting systems, analyzing their principles, benefits, challenges, and applications in automotive engineering. LEDs offer superior energy efficiency, longevity, and design flexibility, revolutionizing automotive lighting across various components. OLEDs, with their thin, lightweight, and customizable nature, present new possibilities for interior lighting and display systems in vehicles. Adaptive headlights dynamically adjust to driving conditions, enhancing visibility and safety on the road. However, challenges such as cost, regulatory requirements, and technological limitations persist. The paper discusses ongoing research efforts and future directions aimed at overcoming these challenges and harnessing the full potential of advanced automotive lighting technologies. Overall, this research illuminates the transformative impact of LED, OLED, and adaptive headlight technologies on the automotive industry, shaping the future of mobility towards safer, more efficient, and aesthetically appealing vehicles.

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 Keywords

LED, OLED and Laser Lighting

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In a digitally interconnected world where individuals are continuously engaged across various social media platforms, engaging in activities such as browsing, chatting, reacting, and sharing content, this study aims to leverage this pervasive online presence to examine consumer responses. The goal is to gain valuable insights into the factors that influence a consumer's interaction with advertisements on social media platforms. These insights serve a dual purpose: enhancing existing products and services and generating innovative design concepts based on customer feedback. Marketers must strategically prioritize factors such as timing, content relevance, credibility, and product positioning to optimize campaign effectiveness and achieve desired outcomes. Social media has become an indispensable component of the modern marketing mix, playing a pivotal role in promotional efforts. Incorporating some form of online marketing via social media platforms is essential for all businesses, particularly those operating in industries characterized by constantly shifting trends, such as fashion and handicrafts. This paper undertakes empirical research to assess the efficacy of social media as a marketing tool, with a focus on understanding its impact on consumers' purchasing decisions. Additionally, strategies are proposed to maximize the effectiveness of social media marketing initiatives.

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social media, marketing tool.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Palmistry, traditionally regarded as the art of characterizing and forecasting the future through the analysis of palm lines and fingers, known as palm reading or chirology, remains a field largely dependent on personal interpretation. Despite its inherent potential, palmistry lacks significant technical development, relying heavily on subjective analysis. In this study, we introduce a novel ratio-based system for characterizing individuals based on the dimensions of their palms and fingers. Employing image processing techniques, we present a methodological framework to generate and analyze results, aiming to enhance the precision and objectivity of palmistry assessments.

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 Keywords

Palmistry, Palm-width , Palm-length, Finger length , Jupiter ruled, Saturn ruled, Sun ruled, Mercury ruled.

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This research paper examines the revolutionary movements in modern India, focusing on their ideologies, strategies, historical significance, and lasting impact. Beginning with an exploration of the socio-political context of colonial India, the paper delves into the diverse ideologies that influenced revolutionary groups, including nationalism, socialism, and communism. It analyses key revolutionary movements such as the Ghadar Movement, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), and the Quit India Movement, highlighting their objectives, strategies, and leadership figures. The paper also discusses the historical significance of these movements, emphasizing their role in India's struggle for independence, their inspiration of mass movements, and their legacy in shaping contemporary Indian politics. By examining the strategies and tactics employed by revolutionaries, as well as their enduring impact on Indian society, this paper provides valuable insights into the dynamics of resistance and liberation in colonial India.

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 Keywords

Revolutionary movements, modern India, ideologies, strategies, historical significance, colonial rule, nationalism, socialism, communism, leadership, mass mobilization, independence movement.

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The effects of western civilization and culture on Africa are in several phases: Neoliberalism, liberal democracy, globalization, individualism/family values, etc. Again, all these can conveniently be accommodated under the scope of wider phases of effects of western civilization. Western civilization is a commitment to Neoliberalism, commitment to liberal democracy, commitment to consumerism and commitment to Christian worldview as the origin of western civilization. Colonialism and liberal democracy will be put under political effect, neoliberalism under economic effect and missionary to be under social effect. This observation provides a broader perspective on the phenomenon of Westernization and its effect on African - America, an observation made as early as the late nineteenth century by the great African cultural theorist Edward Wilmot Blyden and summed up in the late twentieth century by Ali Mazrui as "the triple heritage".

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western civilization, Neoliberalism, liberal democracy, globalization,etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Dharma is said to be the pathless path of all human beings. It embraces the whole life man. Every person swears by dharma, but no two people have common dharma to abide by. And it is very difficult to get an exact translation of this word in any language in the world. Like its concept, the word also is very difficult to be understood in its totality. Any definition of it falls short of its whole working. Many attempts have been made by authors of Dharmasastra to define and explain the word dharma. From the literal meaning of the verb dhrin of the word dharma, dh'in dharayate, it is understood that dharma is the sustaining power of the individual and the society where one lives in "dharanat dharma ityahuh, dharmo dharayate prajah, Yo vai dharanasamyuktah sa dharma iti nischayah(1) ;

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 Keywords

Dharma as Moral Conduct in Smrtis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition