Volume 5 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Previously unsolvable cases are now solved easily with the development of the field of medical jurisprudence. It covers in its ambit the provision of evidence for a wide range and scope of cases. Medical certificates are a crucial piece of documentary evidence but are treated as opinions by the Court of laws. The following paper seeks to elucidate on the legal issues involved in using medical certificates as genuine pieces of evidence and how courts have over the years used them to reach conclusions to facilitate justice. We will also shed light on the legal pre-requisites for issuing medical certificates, issued by National and State Medical Councils. These legal guidelines are largely followed today, yet medical certificates continue to be treated as secondary pieces of evidence due to lack of a holistic statute on issuance of medical certificate.

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 Keywords

Forensic science; Medical Jurisprudence; Medical Certificates; Documentary Evidence; Expert opinion; Witness testimony; Investigating Officer; Registered medical practitioner; Relevant Fact; CrPC; IPC; Indian Evidence Act.

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Tribal population from different ethnic groups constitute a major population in North East India.Tribal has the rich cultural tradition with distinct traits. The British administered the tribal dominated areasintroducing thepolicy of excluded and partially excluded area.British followed the policy of less intervention in regard to tribal affairs. After the independence the Nehru govt initiatedclear tribal policy known as panchaseel which focuses on integration rather than assimilation, respect for their traditional arts and culture and protection of tribal rights. Nehru's two- dimensional strategies,protective and promotional measures dominated iveyear plan approach in regard to tribal affairs.This paper is an analytical study of tribal policy and development strategies across the five year plan and its implication.

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 Keywords

Tribal policy, Integration, Promotional Measures

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Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked renewed interest in creating systems that learn and reason like humans. Many of these breakthroughs have stemmed from deep neural networks trained end-to-end on tasks like object recognition, playing video games, and board games--often achieving or surpassing human-level performance. However, despite being inspired by biological systems and demonstrating impressive results, these AI models still differ significantly from human intelligence. Insights from cognitive science suggest that to build machines that truly think and learn like people, we must move beyond current engineering trends in both the content and methods of learning. We argue that such systems should: (a) construct causal models of the world to enable explanation and deep understanding, not just pattern recognition; (b) base learning on intuitive theories of physics and psychology to provide a richer foundation for acquiring knowledge; and (c) leverage compositionality and meta-learning ("learning-to-learn") to enable rapid knowledge acquisition and flexible generalization across new tasks and environments. We outline specific challenges and offer potential directions for integrating the strengths of modern neural networks with more structured, cognitively inspired models to advance toward these goals.

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Designing AI Systems with Human-Like Learning and Reasoning Abilities

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 Abstract

Jute known as the "golden fiber," is a natural renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly product, meeting standards for safe packages. The jute industry is a significant part of India's economy, providing employment, contributing to export earnings and supporting rural livelihoods with West Bengal being the primary production hub. The jute industry directly employs approximately 3.7 lakh workers and supports the livelihood of around 40 lakh farm families. Jute is a major revenue generating crop, contributing significantly to the agriculture sector's GDP and supporting the economic stability of cultivated regions. India is leading exporter of jute products. The jute industry supports several sectors like gunny bags producing, carpets, ropes and tarpaulins, improving rural economies and industrial activities. This paper made an attempt to identify the performance evaluation of Jute industry in India in terms of production of jute and jute products, its consumption and export and imports. For this purpose the secondary data have been collected from various secondary sources such as books, magazines, journals, and other annual reports etc., and analyzed with the help of statistical tools like percentages, AGRs and CAGR, and presented in the tables.

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 Keywords

Jute Industry, production, consumption, imports, exports, India.

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The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is a flagship financial inclusion program initiated by the Government of India in 2014. The scheme aims to provide universal access to banking facilities, financial literacy, and social security to economically weaker sections of society. This study evaluates the impact of PMJDY on poverty reduction in Bangalore Rural Districts by analyzing its role in financial inclusion, income generation, and social security. The research is based on primary and secondary data collected from beneficiaries, financial institutions, and government reports.

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 Keywords

Jan Dhan Yojana, Financial Inclusion, Poverty Reduction, Bangalore Rural, Economic Development

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 Abstract

Bhattarakadevashakra virchit Pratapakavyasya Dvavinsatisargasya Sampadanamadhyanamcha

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Bhattarakadevashakra virchit Pratapakavyasya Dvavinsatisargasya Sampadanamadhyanamcha

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In the tapestry of mathematical history, the name of madhava of Sangamagrama Stands out as a brilliant Luminary. This 14th-century Indian mathematician and astronomer, often referred to as the " founder of mathematical analysis" made groundbreaking contributions to calculus trigonometry and infinite series centuries before their formalization in Europe. His work, developed within the Kerala school of Astronomy and mathematics, laid the foundation for many of the Key concepts that underpin modern Calculus.

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 Keywords

Tapestry, Brilliant, Luminary, Analysis, Underpin, Concepts.

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This paper explores the status of education among the Tangkhul Naga prior to the arrival of Christianity, focusing on the cultural, social, and historical contexts that shaped their educational practices. The Tangkhul Naga, an indigenous community in Northeast India, possessed a rich oral tradition and a structured system of knowledge transmission that encompassed various aspects of life, including agriculture, governance, and spirituality. Through a review of historical texts, oral histories, and anthropological studies, this research highlights the methodologies employed in education, the roles of community elders and practitioners in knowledge sharing, and the significance of education in maintaining social cohesion and cultural identity. The findings reveal that education among the Tangkhul Naga was not merely an informal process but a vital institution that fostered communal values and skills necessary for survival and development. By understanding the educational framework of the Tangkhul Naga prior to Christian influence, this paper aims to contribute to a broader understanding of indigenous educational systems and their evolution in response to external factors.

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 Keywords

Education, Tangkhul, Naga, Christianity, Manipur, Ukhrul

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

BISH SHATAKER BANGA NATOKE BIBORTONER DHARA

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BISH SHATAKER BANGA NATOKE BIBORTONER DHARA

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This module is designed to familiarize learners with the growing body of literature created by Indian authors within the realm of New English Literature. It encompasses a diverse array of writers from different regions of India and beyond. The module explores the historical development of Indian English education and the evolution of Indian English literature. It highlights early contributions from notable figures such as Raja Rammohan Roy, Sarojini Naidu, and Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. Additionally, it will cover Indian English literature produced after Independence, as well as contemporary works by Indian writers globally.

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 Keywords

Component, formatting, style, styling, insert

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition