Volume 5 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Rainfall-runoff models are used to describe the hydrological behavior of a catchment. The relationship between rainfall and runoff is known to be highly non- linear, time varying and spatially distributed. This study presents the application of Artificial Neural Networks to model daily rainfall- runoff for Osmansagar catchment, Hyderabad, India using Levenberg- Marquardt back propagation algorithm. To study the performance of the model developed, various statistical performance indices namely correlation coefficient, normalised root mean square error, coefficient of efficiency, average absolute relative error and threshold statistic are computed during training and testing phases. The results indicate that ANN can effectively be used to model daily rainfall- runoff process

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 Keywords

Rainfall, Runoff, Neural Networks

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this paper, we have a tendency to tend to gift the matter of mixed sound event verification in associate extremely wireless detector network for home automation systems. In home automation systems, the sound recognized by the system becomes the premise for taking part in positive tasks. However, if a target provide is mixed with another sound because of synchronal incidence, the system would generate poor recognition results, later leading to inappropriate responses. Home automation should be easier and straightforward to use and but value effective to be wide acceptable. Wireless home automation lately should use the foremost recent technology advances thus on be user friendly and powerful. There has been innumerable labor done already throughout this area. throughout this project, current technology components square measure used and residential automation is implemented victimization the communication technologies like net and speech recognition. The comes will analysis and choose fully totally different programme prospects for home automation for mobile devices. The automation centers on victimization relatively inexpensive wireless communication modules. The supposed home automation system will management the lights and electrical appliances in home victimization voice commands.

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 Keywords

WSN, VAD, VHD

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This paper aims at giving an overview his paper aims at giving an overview of implementing safety and security systems in automobiles for today and future development. The perception of safety and security problems on the part of those parties involved in the operation of public transportation. This perception is used as a base to develop an improvement agenda for the particular context of developing countries. The rank of importance for each factor is analyzed by applying the factor analysis. Analysis shows that the user is the most important party involved. The understanding and awareness of the user (including the driver) is the most important variable to imove the condition.

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 Keywords

Automobile, Safety, Security, Public Pransportation.

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In this paper we aim to through some light on Global and Indian Scenario of Indian Automotive Industry.The automotive industry is increasingly becoming the cynosure of the manufacturing sector across the world. The attention and importance to the automotive industry in the economic development and planning policies of Indian Government and its agencies has also witnessed significant up rise. The Indian industry has been evolving over the years, meeting up with challenges as diverse as transitions, consolidations and restructuring, and thereby adapting to the new market conditions.

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 Keywords

Automotive industry, Global, Indian Government, Vehicles

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This paper deals with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) reduction in nine-level inverter-fed induction motor drive. Nine-level voltage source inverter-fed induction motor drive is modeled and simulated using matlab simulink and the results are presented. The FFT spectrums for the outputs are analyzed to study the reduction in harmonics. The hardware is implemented and the results are presented. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results.

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 Keywords

THD, Induction motor, Voltage source inverter, Multilevel inverter, Matlab Simulink.

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This paper examines the literary contributions of R.K. Narayan, one of the most prominent figures in Indian writing in English, with a focus on how Indian culture is represented in his works. Narayan's novels and short stories, set primarily in the fictional town of Malgudi, capture the essence of Indian middle-class life, social values, traditions, and everyday experiences. Writing in English, he skillfully blends local customs, idiomatic expressions, and cultural nuances without losing accessibility for a global audience. The study explores how his characters, settings, and narrative style reflect the complexities of Indian society while maintaining simplicity and universality in language. It also investigates the philosophical and moral undercurrents, such as family ethics, community life, and human relationships, which are deeply rooted in Indian cultural ethos. Furthermore, the paper highlights Narayan's influence on the development of Indian English literature, showing how his works paved the way for subsequent writers to represent Indian realities in English prose. By analyzing selected novels and short stories, this research demonstrates that Narayan not only preserved Indian cultural identity in literature but also contributed to its international recognition. The study concludes that his unique narrative approach exemplifies the successful integration of Indian cultural sensibilities into English literary tradition, making his works a cornerstone of Indian English literature.

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 Keywords

Indian English Literature, Malgudi, Indian Culture and Narrative Techniques

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability training and fartlek training on endurance among football players. Sixty (N=60) male football players from Kadapa district, aged 17-23 years, who had participated in inter-collegiate tournaments, were randomly divided into three groups: Core Stability Training Group (n=20), Fartlek Training Group (n=20), and Control Group (n=20). The experimental groups underwent their respective training programs for 12 weeks, while the control group did not receive any special training. Endurance was assessed through a standard test before and after training, and the data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The pre-test mean values of endurance were 5.11 (CST), 5.22 (FT), and 5.42 (CG), with no significant difference among the groups (F=1.34, p>0.05). The post-test mean values improved to 5.69 (CST), 6.23 (FT), and 5.46 (CG), showing a significant difference (F=6.27, p<0.05). The adjusted post-test means were 5.84 (CST), 6.26 (FT), and 5.28 (CG), with an obtained F-value of 58.98, which was greater than the critical value of 3.16 (p<0.05). Post hoc analysis confirmed that both CST and FT significantly improved endurance compared to the control group, with fartlek training producing superior gains (mean difference = 0.98) compared to CST (mean difference = 0.56). The findings indicate that both core stability training and fartlek training are effective in enhancing endurance, but fartlek training is more impactful due to its direct stimulation of aerobic and anaerobic systems relevant to football performance. Core stability training, while less effective than fartlek, still provides meaningful improvements by enhancing posture, trunk control, and running economy.

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 Keywords

Core Stability Training, Fartlek Training, Endurance and Football Players.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ladder drills and Fartlek training on strength endurance among college men volleyball players. Sixty participants, aged 17-23 years, were randomly assigned to three groups: Ladder Drill Group (n=20), Fartlek Training Group (n=20), and Control Group (n=20). The experimental groups underwent 12 weeks of their respective training programs, while the control group continued regular activities without specific intervention. Pre-test and post-test measurements of strength endurance were conducted using the push-up test. The pre-test means were 14.25 (ladder drills), 15.10 (Fartlek), and 14.75 (control), with no significant difference (F=1.38, p>0.05). Post-test means improved to 16.90 (ladder drills), 17.10 (Fartlek), and 15.50 (control), showing a significant difference among groups (F=4.64, p<0.05). Adjusted post-test means confirmed significant improvements for ladder drills (17.22) and Fartlek training (16.82) over the control group (15.46), while no significant difference was observed between the two training methods. The findings indicate that both ladder drills and Fartlek training are effective in enhancing strength endurance in volleyball players, providing coaches with evidence-based options for conditioning programs.

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Volleyball, Strength Endurance, Ladder Drills and Fartlek Training.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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 Keywords

Interval Training, Circuit Training, VO?max and Middle-Distance Runners.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of jump squats and depth jumps on explosive power among volleyball players. Forty-five male collegiate volleyball players (age 17-22 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Jump Squat Group (n = 15), Depth Jump Group (n = 15), and Control Group (n = 15). The experimental groups underwent their respective plyometric training programs for 12 weeks, while the control group did not participate in any specialized training. Pre- and post-tests on explosive power were conducted, and data were analyzed using ANCOVA at a 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed significant improvements in explosive power for both the Jump Squat Group (pre-test mean = 1.31, post-test mean = 1.44, adjusted post-test mean = 1.42) and the Depth Jump Group (pre-test mean = 1.24, post-test mean = 1.36, adjusted post-test mean = 1.40) compared to the Control Group (pre-test mean = 1.33, post-test mean = 1.34, adjusted post-test mean = 1.31). Post hoc analysis using Scheffe's test indicated significant differences between Jump Squat and Control groups (MD = 0.11), Depth Jump and Control groups (MD = 0.09), while no significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups (MD = 0.02). The study concludes that both jump squats and depth jumps are effective plyometric training methods for enhancing explosive power in volleyball players. These exercises can be incorporated interchangeably or complementarily into training programs to improve vertical jump performance, neuromuscular coordination, and on-court performance.

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 Keywords

Jump Squats, Depth Jumps, Explosive Power, Volleyball Players, Plyometric Training, Vertical Jump

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