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Paper Title
An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors
Dr Usmani Sana Kamal , Dr Mohd Moazzam , Dr. Iliyas hussain
Keywords
Scabies, Jarab, Unani Medicine, Humoral Theory, Sarcoptes scabiei, Fasade Dam
Abstract
Scabies, known as Jarab in the Unani (Greco-Arabic) system of medicine, is a persistent and highly contagious skin infestation that remains a significant global health burden, particularly in resource-limited and overcrowded environments. This integrative review synthesizes classical Unani medical doctrines with modern dermatological findings to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease's etiopathogenesis. Historically, Unani scholars such as Rabban al-Tabri, Al-Razi, and Ibn Sina provided remarkably detailed descriptions of Jarab, identifying it as a manifestation of humoral imbalance, specifically the corruption of blood (Fasade Dam) and the accumulation of morbid humors (Khilt-e-Raddi). Notably, 10th-century Unani physicians like Ahmad bin Mohd Tabri were among the first to document the parasitic nature of the disease, describing a "lice-like" insect as the causative agent centuries before its official recognition in Western medicine. This paper critically analyzes the Unani classification of Jarab based on humoral dominance and morphological presentation, categorizing it into humid (Ratab), dry (Yabis), and other variants and explores the physiological parallels between the traditional concept of "heat in blood" (Hiddat-e-Dam) and the contemporary immunological understanding of Type-IV delayed hypersensitivity. Furthermore, the review evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of traditional blood purifiers (Musaffiyat-e-Dam) and topical herbo-mineral formulations containing sulfur and neem. By integrating historical development, conceptual depth, and modern therapeutic challenges such as emerging drug resistance, this review advocates for a holistic, integrative approach to managing this neglected tropical disease.
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IJCRT — journal style
"An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.14, Issue 4, page no.l490-l499, April 2026, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT26A4339.pdf
APA — 7th edition
Kamal, U. S., Moazzam, M., & hussain, I. (2026). An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), l490-l499. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT26A4339
MLA — 9th edition
Kamal, Usmani Sana, et al. "An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 14, no. 4, 2026, pp. l490-l499, https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT26A4339.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
Kamal, Usmani Sana, Mohd Moazzam, and Iliyas hussain. "An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 14, no. 4 (2026): l490-l499. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT26A4339.
Harvard — author–date
Kamal, U.S., Moazzam, M. and hussain, I. (2026) 'An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), pp. l490-l499. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT26A4339
IEEE — numbered reference
U. S. Kamal, M. Moazzam and I. hussain, "An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives," IJCRT, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. l490-l499, Apr. 2026.
Vancouver — biomedical
Kamal US, Moazzam M, hussain I. An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives. IJCRT. 2026 Apr;14(4):l490-l499.
AMA — 11th edition
Kamal US, Moazzam M, hussain I. An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives. IJCRT. 2026;14(4):l490-l499. Accessed at https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT26A4339
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT26A4339,
author = {Usmani Sana Kamal and Mohd Moazzam and Iliyas hussain},
title = {An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {l490-l499},
year = {2026},
month = {April},
issn = {2320-2882},
url = {https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT26A4339}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - Kamal, Usmani Sana
AU - Moazzam, Mohd
AU - hussain, Iliyas
TI - An Integrative Review of Scabies (Jarab): Unani Etiopathogenesis, Humoral Imbalance, and Contemporary Therapeutic Perspectives
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 14
IS - 4
PY - 2026
SN - 2320-2882
UR - https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT26A4339
SP - l490-l499
ER -
Issue
Volume 14 Issue 4,
April-2026
Pages : l490-l499
Article Information
- Pages
- l490-l499
- Published
- April 2026
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_307362
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT26A4339
- Research Area
- Health Science All
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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- Request Peer Review Report
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- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 169
- Permanent Link
- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT26A4339
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT26A4339.pdf
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