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Paper Title
Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal
Authors
Kaberi Murmu , Jayasree Laha , Ramkrishna Maiti
Keywords
Tribal Society, Literacy, Dependency Ratio, Child Women Ratio
Abstract
Abstract: Scheduled tribes of Jangle Mahal, eastern fringe of Chotanagpur plateau region are socio-economically backward and marginalised ethnic groups. Tribal people accounts 8.6 percent of India's total population. Since, after seven decades of independence, Scheduled Tribes (ST) are still at the margin of society. This study seeks a deeper insight into the demographic situation of the tribal communities. Primary data were collected from 117 and 114 sample houses of the Sabar and Santal communities, drawn from 9 selected villages following a stratified random sampling technique. The result indicates that Santals perform better in education than Sabar community. Both communities have high sex ratio compared to the national sex ratio. The average dependency ratio of the Sabar community is more (47.8 %) than Santal community (42.02 %). Also, the Sabar community show higher Child Women Ratio (284.72), indicating a higher level of fertility than the Santals (235.29). Sabar has a nuclear family system, with average family size of 3.65 and Santals shows joint family system with average family size of 4.59. The unemployment problem is very high among the Sabar community. The study reveals that illiteracy, a greater degree of dependency, and limited access to the mainstream socio-economic activities make the tribal people vulnerable. Collective and coordinated efforts of Govt. policy makers, planners, economists, and social scientists may formulate community specific plan for economic as well as social upliftment of these marginalised groups.
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IJCRT — journal style
"Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.14, Issue 5, page no.e535-e543, May 2026, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2605526.pdf
APA — 7th edition
Murmu, K., Laha, J., & Maiti, R. (2026). Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(5), e535-e543. https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432
MLA — 9th edition
Murmu, Kaberi, et al. "Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 14, no. 5, 2026, pp. e535-e543, https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
Murmu, Kaberi, Jayasree Laha, and Ramkrishna Maiti. "Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 14, no. 5 (2026): e535-e543. https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432.
Harvard — author–date
Murmu, K., Laha, J. and Maiti, R. (2026) 'Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(5), pp. e535-e543. Available at: https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432
IEEE — numbered reference
K. Murmu, J. Laha and R. Maiti, "Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal," IJCRT, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. e535-e543, May. 2026, doi: 10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432.
Vancouver — biomedical
Murmu K, Laha J, Maiti R. Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal. IJCRT. 2026 May;14(5):e535-e543. doi: 10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432
AMA — 11th edition
Murmu K, Laha J, Maiti R. Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal. IJCRT. 2026;14(5):e535-e543. doi:10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2605526,
author = {Kaberi Murmu and Jayasree Laha and Ramkrishna Maiti},
title = {Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {e535-e543},
year = {2026},
month = {May},
issn = {2320-2882},
doi = {10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432},
url = {https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - Murmu, Kaberi
AU - Laha, Jayasree
AU - Maiti, Ramkrishna
TI - Understanding Tribes through Demographic Perspectives: A Comparative Study among Santal and Sabar Communities of Jhargram District, West Bengal
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 14
IS - 5
PY - 2026
SN - 2320-2882
DO - 10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432
UR - https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i5.308432
SP - e535-e543
ER -
Issue
Volume 14 Issue 5,
May-2026
Pages : e535-e543
Article Information
- Pages
- e535-e543
- Published
- May 2026
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_308432
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2605526
- Research Area
- Social Science All
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2605526.pdf
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