ISSN2320-2882
Impact Factor9.17
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Paper Title
Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions
Authors
Dr. K. V. Chamundeswaramma , Manaswitha Bollu , Prof.V.V.Rathnamma
Keywords
Phenthoate (50% EC), Ctenopharyngodon idella, oxygen consumption, respiratory metabolism, organophosphate pesticide, aquatic toxicology
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of phenthoate (50% EC), an organophosphate pesticide, on the respiratory metabolism of the freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella. Oxygen consumption was used as an indicator to evaluate the physiological stress caused by sublethal and lethal exposure over a period of 24 hours. At the beginning of the experiment (0 h), no noticeable variation in oxygen consumption was observed between the control and treated groups. In the sublethal exposure group, oxygen consumption showed an initial increase and reached a peak at 4 h (17.92%), followed by a gradual decline during the later stages of exposure. In the lethal exposure group, oxygen consumption decreased continuously throughout the experimental period, with the maximum reduction observed at 22 h (37.98%). The decline in oxygen consumption suggests respiratory stress and disturbance in normal metabolic activity due to phenthoate exposure. The findings of the present study indicate that phenthoate can significantly affect the respiratory physiology of Ctenopharyngodon idella, particularly under lethal exposure conditions. The study also suggests that changes in oxygen consumption may serve as a useful biomarker for assessing pesticide-induced stress in aquatic organisms.
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IJCRT — journal style
"Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.14, Issue 5, page no.b743-b748, May 2026, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2605211.pdf
APA — 7th edition
Chamundeswaramma, K. V., Bollu, M., & Prof.V.V.Rathnamma. (2026). Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(5), b743-b748. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2605211
MLA — 9th edition
Chamundeswaramma, K. V., et al. "Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 14, no. 5, 2026, pp. b743-b748, https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2605211.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
Chamundeswaramma, K. V., Manaswitha Bollu, and Prof.V.V.Rathnamma. "Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 14, no. 5 (2026): b743-b748. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2605211.
Harvard — author–date
Chamundeswaramma, K.V., Bollu, M. and Prof.V.V.Rathnamma (2026) 'Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(5), pp. b743-b748. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2605211
IEEE — numbered reference
K. V. Chamundeswaramma, M. Bollu and Prof.V.V.Rathnamma, "Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions," IJCRT, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. b743-b748, May. 2026.
Vancouver — biomedical
Chamundeswaramma KV, Bollu M, Prof.V.V.Rathnamma. Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions. IJCRT. 2026 May;14(5):b743-b748.
AMA — 11th edition
Chamundeswaramma KV, Bollu M, Prof.V.V.Rathnamma. Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions. IJCRT. 2026;14(5):b743-b748. Accessed at https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2605211
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2605211,
author = {K. V. Chamundeswaramma and Manaswitha Bollu and Prof.V.V.Rathnamma},
title = {Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {b743-b748},
year = {2026},
month = {May},
issn = {2320-2882},
url = {https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2605211}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - Chamundeswaramma, K. V.
AU - Bollu, Manaswitha
AU - Prof.V.V.Rathnamma
TI - Toxic Effects of Phenthoate (50% EC) on Respiratory Metabolism and Oxygen Utilization in Ctenopharyngodon idella under Lethal and Sublethal Conditions
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 14
IS - 5
PY - 2026
SN - 2320-2882
UR - https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2605211
SP - b743-b748
ER -
Issue
Volume 14 Issue 5,
May-2026
Pages : b743-b748
Article Information
- Pages
- b743-b748
- Published
- May 2026
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_307960
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2605211
- Research Area
- Life Sciences All
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Peer Review
- Request Peer Review Report
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 158
- Permanent Link
- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2605211
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2605211.pdf
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