ISSN2320-2882
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Paper Title
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA
Authors
Raghvendra Gowda H. T , Saif Ali M Panavale , Roopa. C , Dr. Vijaya Kumara
Keywords
Keywords: Axis axis, chital, camera trapping, line transect, habitat preference.
Abstract
Abstract
The study was carried out to understand the distribution patterns and habitat preferences of Spotted Deer (Axis axis) within the Kuvempu University campus, situated in the Bhadra Tiger reserve, Shivamogga District, Karnataka, India. Employing a multi-method approach, field surveys were conducted for a span of 6 months from January 2025 to June 2025, with methodologies like, line transect sampling, camera trap deployment, and indirect sign identification, across diverse habitat types. Out of 1247 total photographic captures from the camera trap dominated ones were the spotted deer with 26%. The density was high along the semi disturbed habitat with 14.15 compared to forest and the disturbed habitat. Group size varied from 1 to 22 individuals. Camera trap analysis documented peak activity periods during early morning from 05:00-08:00 hours and late afternoon from 04:00-06:00 hours, consistent with crepuscular behaviour patterns. Threat assessment revealed the presence of potential predators like tiger, leopard, dholes and the major effect was observed from the stray dogs. The findings reveal a pronounced association between habitat heterogeneity and Spotted Deer presence and abundance. As the spotted deer has the high ecological significance as a keystone herbivore species and primary prey base, conservation of healthy Spotted Deer populations contributes substantially to broader landscape-scale ecosystem integrity. These results underscore the critical importance of maintaining structurally complex, heterogeneous habitats and minimising disturbances for the effective conservation and management of this keystone ungulate species in shared landscapes.
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IJCRT — journal style
"DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.14, Issue 4, page no.g833-g840, April 2026, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2604798.pdf
APA — 7th edition
T, R. G. H., Panavale, S. A. M., C, R., & Kumara, V. (2026). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), g833-g840. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604798
MLA — 9th edition
T, Raghvendra Gowda H., et al. "DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 14, no. 4, 2026, pp. g833-g840, https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604798.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
T, Raghvendra Gowda H., et al. "DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 14, no. 4 (2026): g833-g840. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604798.
Harvard — author–date
T, R.G.H. et al. (2026) 'DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), pp. g833-g840. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604798
IEEE — numbered reference
R. G. H. T, S. A. M. Panavale, R. C and V. Kumara, "DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA," IJCRT, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. g833-g840, Apr. 2026.
Vancouver — biomedical
T RGH, Panavale SAM, C R, Kumara V. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA. IJCRT. 2026 Apr;14(4):g833-g840.
AMA — 11th edition
T RGH, Panavale SAM, C R, Kumara V. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA. IJCRT. 2026;14(4):g833-g840. Accessed at https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604798
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2604798,
author = {Raghvendra Gowda H. T and Saif Ali M Panavale and Roopa. C and Vijaya Kumara},
title = {DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {g833-g840},
year = {2026},
month = {April},
issn = {2320-2882},
url = {https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604798}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - T, Raghvendra Gowda H.
AU - Panavale, Saif Ali M
AU - C, Roopa.
AU - Kumara, Vijaya
TI - DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SPOTTED DEER (Axis axis) IN KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, SHANKARAGHATTA, SHIVAMOGGA, KARNATAKA
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 14
IS - 4
PY - 2026
SN - 2320-2882
UR - https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604798
SP - g833-g840
ER -
Issue
Volume 14 Issue 4,
April-2026
Pages : g833-g840
Article Information
- Pages
- g833-g840
- Published
- April 2026
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_306139
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2604798
- Research Area
- Biological Science
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
- Peer Review
- Request Peer Review Report
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 147
- Permanent Link
- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604798
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2604798.pdf
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International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
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