Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap: Challenges in Nursing Education in India

Keshchandra Singh , Dr. Nitin Chicholkar

Keywords: Theory-practice gap, nursing education, clinical competence, simulation-based learning, India

Abstract Background: The theory-practice gap remains a significant challenge in nursing education, particularly in India, where disparities between classroom teaching and clinical practice affect the competence of nursing graduates. Bridging this gap is essential to ensure quality patient care and professional preparedness. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the theory-practice gap, assess its impact on nursing students, and explore effective strategies to bridge the gap. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive approach was adopted with a sample size of 100 nursing students. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire focusing on contributing factors, impact areas, and strategies to reduce the theory-practice gap. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequency and percentage. Results: The findings revealed that limited use of simulation (88%), poor theory-practice integration (85%), and inadequate clinical exposure (82%) were the major contributing factors. The gap significantly affected students, with reduced confidence (84%) and increased stress levels (80%) being the most reported impacts. Among the strategies, simulation-based learning (90%), clinical mentorship (88%), and continuous skill assessment (87%) were identified as the most effective measures. Conclusion: The study concludes that the theory-practice gap is a multifactorial issue requiring comprehensive intervention. Strengthening clinical training, integrating simulation-based education, and enhancing mentorship programs can significantly reduce this gap and improve clinical competence among nursing students.

Volume 14 Issue 4, April-2026

Pages : g571-g580