ISSN2320-2882
Impact Factor9.17
UGC ParametersAligned
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CrossRefDOI
ESTD2013
Peer ReviewTransparent
AccessOpen
Submission: Always Open
Paper Title
Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients
Authors
Saumya Brajesh Singh
Keywords
tuberculosis, anxiety, depression, perceived stigma, gender differences, internalized stigma, mental health
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is not merely a biomedical condition; it carries profound psychological and social consequences for affected individuals. The present review examines gender differences in anxiety, depression, stress, and perceived stigma among tuberculosis patients. Evidence consistently indicates that psychological distress is markedly prevalent in TB populations, with rates of depression and anxiety significantly exceeding those observed in the general population. Women with TB are more likely to experience higher levels of anxiety and depression, shaped by hormonal factors, gendered social roles, and cultural expectations. Stigma associated with TB is also gendered in nature, with women facing more severe social consequences including threats to marital prospects and family reputation. The review draws on research from India and other high-burden countries to highlight psychosocial dimensions of TB that are often underaddressed in clinical settings. Gaps in literature, particularly around gender-disaggregated analyses in Indian clinical populations, are noted. The paper underscores the need for gender-sensitive mental health screening and psychosocial interventions to be integrated within tuberculosis treatment programs.
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IJCRT — journal style
"Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.14, Issue 4, page no.g301-g322, April 2026, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2604736.pdf
APA — 7th edition
Singh, S. B. (2026). Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), g301-g322. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604736
MLA — 9th edition
Singh, Saumya Brajesh. "Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 14, no. 4, 2026, pp. g301-g322, https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604736.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
Singh, Saumya Brajesh. "Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 14, no. 4 (2026): g301-g322. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604736.
Harvard — author–date
Singh, S.B. (2026) 'Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), pp. g301-g322. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604736
IEEE — numbered reference
S. B. Singh, "Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients," IJCRT, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. g301-g322, Apr. 2026.
Vancouver — biomedical
Singh SB. Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients. IJCRT. 2026 Apr;14(4):g301-g322.
AMA — 11th edition
Singh SB. Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients. IJCRT. 2026;14(4):g301-g322. Accessed at https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604736
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2604736,
author = {Saumya Brajesh Singh},
title = {Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {g301-g322},
year = {2026},
month = {April},
issn = {2320-2882},
url = {https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604736}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - Singh, Saumya Brajesh
TI - Gender Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stigma among Tuberculosis Patients
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 14
IS - 4
PY - 2026
SN - 2320-2882
UR - https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604736
SP - g301-g322
ER -
Issue
Volume 14 Issue 4,
April-2026
Pages : g301-g322
Article Information
- Pages
- g301-g322
- Published
- April 2026
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_305394
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2604736
- Research Area
- Arts All
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- India
- Peer Review
- Request Peer Review Report
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 129
- Permanent Link
- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604736
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2604736.pdf
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International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
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The authors would like to thank the reviewers and the editorial board of International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts for their careful reading and constructive comments, and all colleagues who supported the preparation of this manuscript.
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