ISSN2320-2882
Impact Factor9.17
UGC ParametersAligned
Low Cost₹1501 / $59
CrossRefDOI
ESTD2013
Peer ReviewTransparent
AccessOpen
Submission: Always Open
Paper Title
Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review
Authors
Dr. Shamshiya Khatoon , Dr. Darakhshan Anwar , Dr Faisal Habib , Marghoob Ahmad , ILIYAS HUSSAIN
Keywords
Unani Medicine, Nephroprotection, Muqawwiyat-e-Kulya, Chronic Kidney Disease
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and drug-induced nephrotoxicity has created a need for safe and effective therapeutic alternatives. Unani medicine provides a holistic approach to renal protection through the concept of Muhafiz-e-Kulya, which focuses on maintaining Mizaj (temperament), proper functioning of Quwa (faculties), and elimination of fasid maddah (morbid matter). This review aims to explore the conceptual framework of kidney function in Unani medicine and to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of Unani drugs in the light of modern scientific evidence. A comprehensive analysis of classical Unani texts along with recent pharmacological studies was carried out.
The Unani system describes the kidney (Kulya) as an active organ governed by five faculties responsible for absorption, retention, transformation, discrimination, and elimination. Several drugs such as Kasni (Cichorium intybus), Gokhru (Tribulus terrestris), Biskhapra (Boerhavia diffusa), and Karafs (Apium graveolens) have shown significant nephroprotective effects through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic mechanisms. Compound formulations like Jawarish Zarooni Sada and Sharbat-e-Bazoori further enhance renal protection by improving detoxification and organ strength.
Modern experimental studies support these traditional claims by demonstrating reduction in serum creatinine, urea levels, and renal tissue damage. The review suggests that Unani nephroprotective drugs offer a multi-targeted approach in the management of renal disorders. However, further clinical studies and standardization are required for their wider acceptance in modern medicine.
Full Paper, Downloads & Preview
How To Cite
Choose the style your journal or department asks for, then copy it. Every version below is generated from this paper's own record.
IJCRT — journal style
"Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.14, Issue 4, page no.f46-f55, April 2026, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2604589.pdf
APA — 7th edition
Khatoon, S., Anwar, D., Habib, F., Ahmad, M., & HUSSAIN, I. (2026). Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), f46-f55. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604589
MLA — 9th edition
Khatoon, Shamshiya, et al. "Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 14, no. 4, 2026, pp. f46-f55, https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604589.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
Khatoon, Shamshiya, et al. "Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 14, no. 4 (2026): f46-f55. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604589.
Harvard — author–date
Khatoon, S. et al. (2026) 'Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), pp. f46-f55. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604589
IEEE — numbered reference
S. Khatoon, D. Anwar, F. Habib, M. Ahmad and I. HUSSAIN, "Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review," IJCRT, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. f46-f55, Apr. 2026.
Vancouver — biomedical
Khatoon S, Anwar D, Habib F, Ahmad M, HUSSAIN I. Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review. IJCRT. 2026 Apr;14(4):f46-f55.
AMA — 11th edition
Khatoon S, Anwar D, Habib F, Ahmad M, HUSSAIN I. Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review. IJCRT. 2026;14(4):f46-f55. Accessed at https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604589
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2604589,
author = {Shamshiya Khatoon and Darakhshan Anwar and Faisal Habib and Marghoob Ahmad and ILIYAS HUSSAIN},
title = {Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {f46-f55},
year = {2026},
month = {April},
issn = {2320-2882},
url = {https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604589}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - Khatoon, Shamshiya
AU - Anwar, Darakhshan
AU - Habib, Faisal
AU - Ahmad, Marghoob
AU - HUSSAIN, ILIYAS
TI - Nephroprotective Drugs in Unani Medicine: A Conceptual and Pharmacological Review
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 14
IS - 4
PY - 2026
SN - 2320-2882
UR - https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604589
SP - f46-f55
ER -
Issue
Volume 14 Issue 4,
April-2026
Pages : f46-f55
Article Information
- Pages
- f46-f55
- Published
- April 2026
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_305568
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2604589
- Research Area
- Health Science All
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Peer Review
- Request Peer Review Report
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 104
- Permanent Link
- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604589
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2604589.pdf
Summarise this Paper with AI
Opens your assistant with a prepared prompt. AI summaries can be incomplete or wrong — read the full paper before citing it.
Author Services
Certificates, printed copies and official reports for this paper
Published authors can request a hard copy of their certificate or of the printed journal, and obtain the transparent peer review and plagiarism reports for this article — each issued against this paper’s registration record.
Registration ID IJCRT_305568Printed copies
Hard Copy of CertificatePrinted certificate for each author, posted to you.
Hard Copy of JournalA bound printed copy of the issue this paper appears in.
Reports & recognition
Transparent Peer Review Report
The reviewer comments and decisions behind this article.
Turnitin Plagiarism Report
The similarity check run on this manuscript.
Best Paper Nomination
Put this article forward for the issue’s best paper award.
Requests are verified against the registration ID of this article.
About Publisher
International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
Published by IJCRT Publication
2320-2882
ISSN
9.17
Impact Factor
2013
ESTD Year
Open
Access
Impact Factor 9.17, calculated from Google Scholar citation data — see how it is worked out.
An international scholarly open access journal: peer-reviewed, refereed, multidisciplinary, monthly and multilingual, with Crossref DOI registration, rich metadata and a citation generator. Verified indexing & discovery records.
IJCRT is a Transparent, Peer-Reviewed, Open Access Journal (Refereed Journal). Following the discontinuation of UGC and UGC-CARE journal listing, IJCRT is aligned with UGC’s Suggested Parameters for Choosing Peer-Reviewed Journals. UGC Public Notice
Licence
© 2026 — Authors hold the copyright of this article.
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
and The Open Definition.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Disclaimer:
The content, data and findings in this article are based on the authors’ research and have been
peer-reviewed for academic purposes only. Readers are advised to verify all information before practical
or commercial use. The journal and its editorial board are not liable for any errors, losses or
consequences arising from its use.
Declarations
Funding
No external funding was received for this study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the reviewers and the editorial board of International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts for their careful reading and constructive comments, and all colleagues who supported the preparation of this manuscript.
About the Journal
9.17Impact Factor
UGC AlignedSuggested Parameters
TransparentPeer Review
Open AccessNo Paywall
CrossrefDOI Available
Monthly12 Issues / Year
Since 2013Established
2320-2882ISSN
How Publication Works
1Submit Your PaperOnline or by email. A registration ID is issued straight away.
2Transparent Peer ReviewDouble-blind review by subject experts, reported openly.
3AcceptanceThe result reaches you by email and SMS against your registration ID.
4Published Open AccessFree to read worldwide, with certificate and letter ready to download.
Article Impact
33Views
25Downloads
58Total reads
Apr 2026Published
Published · 180 days ago
Today · last read today
1.6 views and 1.2 downloads per day over 21 days counted.
Counts exclude identified crawler traffic and repeat hits from the same reader within 30 minutes. Downloads reached directly through a search engine or an existing citation link are not included, so the figure is a conservative count of activity through this site. Full statistics
Discovery & Indexing
Find this paper on search engines and scholarly indexes, and check the journal’s verified records.
Find this paperSearch
Google ScholarExact-title search, with citing articles once indexed.Search
CrossrefMetadata search across all Crossref records.Search
Semantic ScholarAI-powered literature search.Search- BASEBASEBielefeld Academic Search Engine — open-access harvester.Search
ResearchGateResearch network publication search.Search
Journal recordsVerified
“Search” opens a live search for this paper; “Verified” opens a journal record checked on the Indexing & Discovery page. Third-party services index at their own discretion, often several weeks after publication.
