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Paper Title
Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours
Authors
MAHENDRA KUMAR KONDIPATI
Keywords
Handloom workers, income instability, wages, working hours, Mangalagiri, weaving, occupational problems
Abstract
The paper attempts to analyse income volatility and source of occupation worries for the handloom weavers at Mangalagiri in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The study reveals wage inadequacy, unpredictable income and long hours of work as the chief problems among the weavers. The handloom sector is embedded in the Indian rural economy and millions of weaver households in traditional clusters depend on it for their subsistence and livelihood. Mangalagiri a GI tagged handloom cluster in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh is known for its unique cotton fabrics and at the same time one of the most poverty stricken weaver community in the state. The paper focuses on the level of income instability and occupational malady among the handloom workers with special reference to wages and working hours, and is based on field survey data obtained from 140 samples taken up in 2024. On the whole, the paper presents a comprehensive analysis of socio demographic characteristics, indicators of income variability, underpayment and overtime work by means of descriptive statistics, percentage analysis and cross-tabulations through chi-square association test. The results show that 75.7 percent of workers have fluctuating incomes, 70 percent earn lower than minimum wage, 85 percent work without written wage contracts, and 82.9 percent have no social protection. There is statistically significant evidence of gender discrimination in wages, and of a positive correlation between the irregular work order and the debt burden of the household. The study is concluded by suggesting policy instrument with justification concerning wage formalization, cooperative work distribution, gender parity enforcement and extension of social security integration to Mangalagiri's handloom weaver community.
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IJCRT — journal style
"Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.14, Issue 4, page no.d284-d293, April 2026, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2604393.pdf
APA — 7th edition
KONDIPATI, M. K. (2026). Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), d284-d293. https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829
MLA — 9th edition
KONDIPATI, MAHENDRA KUMAR. "Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 14, no. 4, 2026, pp. d284-d293, https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
KONDIPATI, MAHENDRA KUMAR. "Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 14, no. 4 (2026): d284-d293. https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829.
Harvard — author–date
KONDIPATI, M.K. (2026) 'Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(4), pp. d284-d293. Available at: https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829
IEEE — numbered reference
M. K. KONDIPATI, "Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours," IJCRT, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. d284-d293, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829.
Vancouver — biomedical
KONDIPATI MK. Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours. IJCRT. 2026 Apr;14(4):d284-d293. doi: 10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829
AMA — 11th edition
KONDIPATI MK. Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours. IJCRT. 2026;14(4):d284-d293. doi:10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2604393,
author = {MAHENDRA KUMAR KONDIPATI},
title = {Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {d284-d293},
year = {2026},
month = {April},
issn = {2320-2882},
doi = {10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829},
url = {https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - KONDIPATI, MAHENDRA KUMAR
TI - Income Instability among Mangalagiri Handloom weavers and Issues Related to Wages and Working Hours
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 14
IS - 4
PY - 2026
SN - 2320-2882
DO - 10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829
UR - https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v14i4.304829
SP - d284-d293
ER -
Issue
Volume 14 Issue 4,
April-2026
Pages : d284-d293
Article Information
- Pages
- d284-d293
- Published
- April 2026
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_304829
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2604393
- Research Area
- Social Science All
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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- Request Peer Review Report
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- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 170
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- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2604393
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2604393.pdf
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