ISSN2320-2882
Impact Factor9.17
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ESTD2013
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Paper Title
Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings
Authors
SUBAL SAH , Brahmdeo Yadav , Sumit Kumar
Keywords
Expansive soil, Iron ore Tailings, Soil Stabilization, Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
Abstract
Expansive soils (especially black cotton soil) create major difficulties in geotechnical engineering because of their high swelling and shrinkage tendencies, low bearing strength, and poor workability. To overcome these issues, the present study examines the influence of adding iron ore tailings (IOT) (a waste material generated from mining operations) as a stabilizing component to improve the compaction and plasticity behavior of black cotton soil. The soil was blended with different proportions of IOT (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by dry weight) and evaluated through standard geotechnical tests such as the Standard Proctor Compaction Test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test, and Atterberg Limits (Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index). The experimental findings indicated that the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) increased consistently while the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) decreased with IOT addition up to 16%, reflecting improved compaction characteristics. This improvement is mainly due to the higher specific gravity and granular structure of IOT, which enhance particle arrangement and minimize voids within the soil mass. Regarding plastic limit, the liquid limit and plasticity index reduced as the IOT content increased. These changes suggest a decrease in clay activity and soil expansiveness, resulting from the dilution of clay minerals and reduced water absorption. With increasing IoT, the soil progressively shifted from highly plastic to moderately plastic behavior. In summary, incorporating iron ore tailings significantly improves the compaction properties and lowers the plasticity of black cotton soil, enhancing its suitability for applications such as subgrade layers and embankment construction. Additionally, this approach supports sustainable engineering practices by promoting the efficient reuse of industrial waste, offering a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable method for soil stabilization.
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IJCRT — journal style
"Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.14, Issue 3, page no.b612-b622, March 2026, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2603198.pdf
APA — 7th edition
SAH, S., Yadav, B., & Kumar, S. (2026). Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(3), b612-b622. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2603198
MLA — 9th edition
SAH, SUBAL, et al. "Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 14, no. 3, 2026, pp. b612-b622, https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2603198.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
SAH, SUBAL, Brahmdeo Yadav, and Sumit Kumar. "Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 14, no. 3 (2026): b612-b622. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2603198.
Harvard — author–date
SAH, S., Yadav, B. and Kumar, S. (2026) 'Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(3), pp. b612-b622. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2603198
IEEE — numbered reference
S. SAH, B. Yadav and S. Kumar, "Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings," IJCRT, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. b612-b622, Mar. 2026.
Vancouver — biomedical
SAH S, Yadav B, Kumar S. Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings. IJCRT. 2026 Mar;14(3):b612-b622.
AMA — 11th edition
SAH S, Yadav B, Kumar S. Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings. IJCRT. 2026;14(3):b612-b622. Accessed at https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2603198
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2603198,
author = {SUBAL SAH and Brahmdeo Yadav and Sumit Kumar},
title = {Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {b612-b622},
year = {2026},
month = {March},
issn = {2320-2882},
url = {https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2603198}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - SAH, SUBAL
AU - Yadav, Brahmdeo
AU - Kumar, Sumit
TI - Improvement of Engineering Properties of Expansive soil Using Iron Ore Tailings
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 14
IS - 3
PY - 2026
SN - 2320-2882
UR - https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2603198
SP - b612-b622
ER -
Issue
Volume 14 Issue 3,
March-2026
Pages : b612-b622
Article Information
- Pages
- b612-b622
- Published
- March 2026
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_302687
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2603198
- Research Area
- Science and Technology
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- PAKUR, Jharkhand (JH), India
- Peer Review
- Request Peer Review Report
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 227
- Permanent Link
- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2603198
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2603198.pdf
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