Prajamandal Movement in Sonepur Estate of western Odisha

Dr. Kishore Chandra Mishra , Miss Gayatree Padhan

Prajamandal Movement, Sonepur Estate, Garjat States, Maharaja Sudhansu Sekhar Singh Deo, Political Awakening in Princely States.

The Prajamandal Movement in Sonepur Estate of Western Odisha emerged as a powerful expression of popular resistance against the autocratic rule of the Garjat princely states under British paramountcy. In Sonepur, the peasantry suffered under oppressive land revenue systems, arbitrary taxation, and forced labour practices such as Bethi, Rasad, and Salami. Civil liberties were absent, and the rulers exercised unchecked authority in internal administration. The situation worsened during the reign of Maharaja Sudhansu Sekhar Singh Deo (1937-1947), when illegal exactions and administrative repression intensified. Inspired by the spread of nationalist ideas and the activities of the States Peoples' Conference, local leaders like Dolamani Dash of Turum village mobilized the rural population to organize resistance against feudal oppression. In October 1938, the Sonepur Prajamandal was formally established to demand responsible government, abolition of forced labour, reduction of unjust taxes, and the recognition of basic civil rights. The movement quickly gained momentum through public meetings, delegations, and mass participation. However, the state authorities responded with arrests, false prosecutions, bans, and intimidation to suppress the agitation. Despite severe repression, the Prajamandal workers continued their struggle with determination. The renewed phase of agitation in 1947 further weakened princely authority, ultimately leading to the merger of Sonepur with the Province of Orissa in December 1947. The movement thus marked a decisive step toward the end of feudal rule and the establishment of democratic governance in the region.

Volume 14 Issue 2, February-2026

Pages : g289-g296