Etiopathogenesis Of Sahr (Insomnia) In Unani Medicine: Classical Foundations And Contemporary Reappraisal - A Narrative Review

Gulistan Khanam , Aisha Aijaz

Unani Medicine, Insomnia, Sahr, S?'-i-Miz?j Y?bis, Asbab.

Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder marked by persistent difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep, even when sufficient opportunity for rest is available, leading to daytime dysfunction. It has significant consequences for cognitive function, emotional health, and overall well-being. In the Unani system of medicine, insomnia is identified as Sahr and is regarded as an independent disease entity associated with disturbances in humoral equilibrium and altered Miz?j (temperament). Although classical Unani scholars have described its causative factors in detail, these accounts are scattered across various traditional manuscripts and lack organized synthesis. Therefore, a systematic compilation and critical reinterpretation of the Unani concept of insomnia is necessary to strengthen its contemporary clinical applicability. Objective: To systematically compile, critically analyse, and update the Unani concept of the etiopathogenesis of Sahr (insomnia). Materials and Methods: An extensive literature review was undertaken by consulting classical Unani texts that describe Sahr (insomnia). Relevant details concerning its Asb?b (causes) and mechanisms of development were identified and systematically organised. Furthermore, published review articles, empirical research studies, and trustworthy online resources were scrutinised to integrate contemporary perspectives. Results: The analysis demonstrated that classical Unani literature identifies various causative factors for Sahr, such as the imbalance of humours, disturbances in temperament, psychological issues, and factors related to lifestyle. The gathered and critically examined data facilitated the development of a coherent and modernised etiopathogenetic model. Conclusion: This review offers a redefined and cohesive understanding of the etiopathogenesis of insomnia from the Unani viewpoint. The revised conceptual framework has the potential to enhance clinical practice, improve patient outcomes, and promote more logical and evidence-based therapeutic methods in Unani medicine.

Volume 14 Issue 2, February-2026

Pages : f140-f145