ISSN2320-2882
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Paper Title
Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels
Authors
MALATHESHA. S
Keywords
Marxist Criticism, Class Conflict, Commodification, Victorian Novel, Oliver Twist, Hard Times.
Abstract
Charles Dickens remains one of the most powerful literary voices of the Victorian era in exposing the inequities and contradictions of a rapidly industrializing society. His novels repeatedly confront the realities of class divisions, poverty, and the pressures of capitalist modernity. This article examines Oliver Twist (1838) and Hard Times (1854) through the lens of Marxist literary criticism, with particular attention to how Dickens dramatizes class conflict and the commodification of human life. Drawing on the theoretical insights of Karl Marx alongside later critics such as Raymond Williams and Terry Eagleton, the study interprets Dickens's fictional world as a space where the struggles of the poor, the exploited, and the marginalized are narrated against the dominant ideologies of Victorian capitalism.
Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative, interpretive case study of the two novels, engaging in close textual analysis informed by Marxist concepts such as alienation, surplus value, and commodity fetishism. The findings suggest that Oliver Twist exposes how poverty and childhood itself are commodified within pre-industrial urban England, while Hard Times extends this critique into the mechanized logic of industrial capitalism, where workers and even education become reduced to instruments of production. By situating Dickens within a broader critical framework, the article argues that his novels not only reflect the tensions of nineteenth-century society but also resonate with contemporary debates on inequality, labor, and the commodification of human existence.
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IJCRT — journal style
"Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.14, Issue 1, page no.d417-d426, January 2026, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2601416.pdf
APA — 7th edition
S, M. (2026). Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(1), d417-d426. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2601416
MLA — 9th edition
S, MALATHESHA. "Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 14, no. 1, 2026, pp. d417-d426, https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2601416.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
S, MALATHESHA. "Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 14, no. 1 (2026): d417-d426. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2601416.
Harvard — author–date
S, M. (2026) 'Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 14(1), pp. d417-d426. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2601416
IEEE — numbered reference
M. S, "Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels," IJCRT, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. d417-d426, Jan. 2026.
Vancouver — biomedical
S M. Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels. IJCRT. 2026 Jan;14(1):d417-d426.
AMA — 11th edition
S M. Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels. IJCRT. 2026;14(1):d417-d426. Accessed at https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2601416
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2601416,
author = {MALATHESHA. S},
title = {Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {d417-d426},
year = {2026},
month = {January},
issn = {2320-2882},
url = {https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2601416}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - S, MALATHESHA.
TI - Capital, Class, and Commodification: A Marxist Reading of Charles Dickens's Selected Novels
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 14
IS - 1
PY - 2026
SN - 2320-2882
UR - https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2601416
SP - d417-d426
ER -
Issue
Volume 14 Issue 1,
January-2026
Pages : d417-d426
Article Information
- Pages
- d417-d426
- Published
- January 2026
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_300469
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2601416
- Research Area
- Medical Science All
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- Harihar, Karnataka, India
- Peer Review
- Request Peer Review Report
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 190
- Permanent Link
- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2601416
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2601416.pdf
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The authors would like to thank the reviewers and the editorial board of International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts for their careful reading and constructive comments, and all colleagues who supported the preparation of this manuscript.
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