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Paper Title
Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration
Authors
Dr. Amit Galphade , Sharad Chhantbar
Keywords
Peltier effect, thermoelectric, sustainability, refrigeration, cooling
Abstract
This review paper explores the principles, materials, and applications of the Peltier effect as an alternative to traditional refrigeration systems. Conventional vapor compression refrigeration, while effective, faces significant challenges including environmental harm from refrigerants, noise pollution, high energy consumption, and operational costs. The Peltier effect, a thermoelectric phenomenon where heat is absorbed or released at the junction of two different conductors or semiconductors under electric current, offers a solid-state solution for cooling and heating without moving parts. The paper details the microscopic mechanism of the Peltier effect, its relationship with the Seebeck effect, and the key equations governing thermoelectric junctions. The figure of merit (ZT) is discussed as a critical parameter for evaluating thermoelectric materials, with bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) highlighted as the most widely used material for room-temperature applications. The construction of Peltier modules, their advantages--such as silent operation and reliability--and disadvantages, including lower efficiency and higher cost compared to traditional systems, are analyzed. The review concludes that while current Peltier modules have limitations, ongoing material advancements hold promise for more efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration technologies in the future.
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IJCRT — journal style
"Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.13, Issue 11, page no.e805-e809, November 2025, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511564.pdf
APA — 7th edition
Galphade, A., & Chhantbar, S. (2025). Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 13(11), e805-e809. https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020
MLA — 9th edition
Galphade, Amit, and Sharad Chhantbar. "Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 13, no. 11, 2025, pp. e805-e809, https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
Galphade, Amit, and Sharad Chhantbar. "Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 13, no. 11 (2025): e805-e809. https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020.
Harvard — author–date
Galphade, A. and Chhantbar, S. (2025) 'Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 13(11), pp. e805-e809. Available at: https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020
IEEE — numbered reference
A. Galphade and S. Chhantbar, "Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration," IJCRT, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. e805-e809, Nov. 2025, doi: 10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020.
Vancouver — biomedical
Galphade A, Chhantbar S. Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration. IJCRT. 2025 Nov;13(11):e805-e809. doi: 10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020
AMA — 11th edition
Galphade A, Chhantbar S. Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration. IJCRT. 2025;13(11):e805-e809. doi:10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2511564,
author = {Amit Galphade and Sharad Chhantbar},
title = {Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {e805-e809},
year = {2025},
month = {November},
issn = {2320-2882},
doi = {10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020},
url = {https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - Galphade, Amit
AU - Chhantbar, Sharad
TI - Thermoelectric Cooling: A Review of the Peltier Effect as an Alternative to Conventional Refrigeration
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 13
IS - 11
PY - 2025
SN - 2320-2882
DO - 10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020
UR - https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297020
SP - e805-e809
ER -
Issue
Volume 13 Issue 11,
November-2025
Pages : e805-e809
Article Information
- Published In
- International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts — Volume 13, Issue 11, November 2025
- Pages
- e805-e809
- Published
- November 2025
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_297020
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2511564
- Research Area
- Science and Technology
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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- Request Peer Review Report
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- ISSN & Impact Factor
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- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511564.pdf
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International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
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