ISSN2320-2882
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Paper Title
A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health.
Authors
Ms.Kote Sayali Nilesh , Mr.Mayur Gaikar , Ms.Gholap Apeksha Santosh , Ms.Gangurde Mayuri Pravin , Ms.Kadam Vaishnavi Madan
Keywords
Terminalia arjuna; Hawthorn; Cardiovascular health; Antioxidant activity; Synergistic therapy; Triterpenoids, Flavonoids, Phytotherapy, Ischemic Heart Disease, Endothelial Function, Anti-inflammatory action, Polyphenols.
Abstract
As supplemental treatments for cardiovascular illness, herbal cardioprotective substances including terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn) have drawn more and more scientific interest. Rich in triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins, arjuna has long been used to treat angina and ischemic heart disease because of its antioxidant, anti-ischemic, lipid-modulating, and myocardial-protective properties. Stronger data from standardized extract studies suggests that hawthorn includes flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins that improve endothelial function, increase exercise tolerance , and include vasodilation in mild-to-moderate chronic heart failure .The dearth of large head-to-head randomized studies, preparation variation and inadequate long-term safety data remain significant constraints, despite the fact that both botanicals are generally well tolerated and have potential complimentary processes, suggesting synergistic application in cardiovascular therapy. All things considered, Arjun and hawthorn are potential phytotherapeutic agents that need more systematic, extensive clinical research to confirm their safety, effectiveness, and ideal combination for use in contemporary cardiovascular care
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IJCRT — journal style
"A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health.", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.13, Issue 10, page no.f781-f793, October 2025, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2510683.pdf
APA — 7th edition
Nilesh, M. K. S., Gaikar, M. M., Santosh, M. G. A., Pravin, M. G. M., & Madan, M. K. V. (2025). A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 13(10), f781-f793. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2510683
MLA — 9th edition
Nilesh, Ms.Kote Sayali, et al. "A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 13, no. 10, 2025, pp. f781-f793, https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2510683.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
Nilesh, Ms.Kote Sayali, et al. "A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 13, no. 10 (2025): f781-f793. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2510683.
Harvard — author–date
Nilesh, M.K.S. et al. (2025) 'A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 13(10), pp. f781-f793. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2510683
IEEE — numbered reference
M. K. S. Nilesh, M. M. Gaikar, M. G. A. Santosh, M. G. M. Pravin and M. K. V. Madan, "A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health," IJCRT, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. f781-f793, Oct. 2025.
Vancouver — biomedical
Nilesh MKS, Gaikar MM, Santosh MGA, Pravin MGM, Madan MKV. A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health. IJCRT. 2025 Oct;13(10):f781-f793.
AMA — 11th edition
Nilesh MKS, Gaikar MM, Santosh MGA, Pravin MGM, Madan MKV. A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health. IJCRT. 2025;13(10):f781-f793. Accessed at https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2510683
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2510683,
author = {Ms.Kote Sayali Nilesh and Mr.Mayur Gaikar and Ms.Gholap Apeksha Santosh and Ms.Gangurde Mayuri Pravin and Ms.Kadam Vaishnavi Madan},
title = {A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health.},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {13},
number = {10},
pages = {f781-f793},
year = {2025},
month = {October},
issn = {2320-2882},
url = {https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2510683}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - Nilesh, Ms.Kote Sayali
AU - Gaikar, Mr.Mayur
AU - Santosh, Ms.Gholap Apeksha
AU - Pravin, Ms.Gangurde Mayuri
AU - Madan, Ms.Kadam Vaishnavi
TI - A Comprehensive Review on Terminalia arjuna and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn): Cardioprotective Phytotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Health.
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 13
IS - 10
PY - 2025
SN - 2320-2882
UR - https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2510683
SP - f781-f793
ER -
Issue
Volume 13 Issue 10,
October-2025
Pages : f781-f793
Article Information
- Published In
- International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts — Volume 13, Issue 10, October 2025
- Pages
- f781-f793
- Published
- October 2025
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_295537
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2510683
- Research Area
- Pharmacy All
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- Nashik, Maharashtra, India
- Peer Review
- Request Peer Review Report
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 208
- Permanent Link
- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2510683
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2510683.pdf
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