ISSN2320-2882
Impact Factor9.17
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CrossRefDOI
ESTD2013
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Paper Title
Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits
Authors
Rahul Mishra , Dr. Navin Mukesh Punjabi
Keywords
National Pension System (NPS), tax benefits, returns, risk-adjusted returns, participation rate, comparative analysis, new pension schemes, old pension scheme.
Abstract
The National Pension System (NPS) is an essential mechanism for safeguarding retirement security for Indian citizens, especially those in the unorganised sector. Since its establishment in 2004, the NPS has experienced substantial modifications, resulting in the launch of a new scheme with improved attributes. This study offers a comparative analysis of the previous and current NPS schemes, emphasising four critical variables: tax advantages, returns, risk-adjusted returns, and participation rates. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative surveys and quantitative analysis to evaluate the financial advantages, risk profiles, and subscriber engagement of each scheme. The research indicates that the new NPS scheme provides enhanced financial returns, superior tax benefits, improved risk-adjusted returns, and increased participation rates relative to the previous scheme. The findings indicate that the new NPS scheme offers a more appealing risk-return profile and enhanced accessibility, leading to greater participation. Policymakers and financial institutions can utilise these insights to improve the scheme's efficacy. Future research may investigate the effects of global economic fluctuations on NPS returns and analyse the demographic variables affecting NPS participation.
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IJCRT — journal style
"Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits", IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (www.ijcrt.org), ISSN:2320-2882, Vol.13, Issue 9, page no.e714-e722, September 2025, Available :https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2509541.pdf
APA — 7th edition
Mishra, R., & Punjabi, N. M. (2025). Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 13(9), e714-e722. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2509541
MLA — 9th edition
Mishra, Rahul, and Navin Mukesh Punjabi. "Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 13, no. 9, 2025, pp. e714-e722, https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2509541.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
Mishra, Rahul, and Navin Mukesh Punjabi. "Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits." International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 13, no. 9 (2025): e714-e722. https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2509541.
Harvard — author–date
Mishra, R. and Punjabi, N.M. (2025) 'Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits', International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 13(9), pp. e714-e722. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2509541
IEEE — numbered reference
R. Mishra and N. M. Punjabi, "Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits," IJCRT, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. e714-e722, Sep. 2025.
Vancouver — biomedical
Mishra R, Punjabi NM. Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits. IJCRT. 2025 Sep;13(9):e714-e722.
AMA — 11th edition
Mishra R, Punjabi NM. Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits. IJCRT. 2025;13(9):e714-e722. Accessed at https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2509541
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJCRT2509541,
author = {Rahul Mishra and Navin Mukesh Punjabi},
title = {Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {e714-e722},
year = {2025},
month = {September},
issn = {2320-2882},
url = {https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2509541}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - Mishra, Rahul
AU - Punjabi, Navin Mukesh
TI - Comparative analysis of old and new NPS schemes in their features and benefits
T2 - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts
JA - IJCRT
VL - 13
IS - 9
PY - 2025
SN - 2320-2882
UR - https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2509541
SP - e714-e722
ER -
Issue
Volume 13 Issue 9,
September-2025
Pages : e714-e722
Article Information
- Published In
- International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts — Volume 13, Issue 9, September 2025
- Pages
- e714-e722
- Published
- September 2025
- Registration ID
- IJCRT_294181
- Published Paper ID
- IJCRT2509541
- Research Area
- Social Science All
- Author Type
- Indian Author
- Location
- virar west, Maharashtra, India
- Peer Review
- Request Peer Review Report
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 · Open Access
- ISSN & Impact Factor
- 2320-2882 · IF 9.17
- Downloads
- 284
- Permanent Link
- https://ijcrt.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJCRT2509541
- Published Paper PDF
- https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2509541.pdf
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