Published Paper Details:

In India, the grading of onions is done manually or with a motorized grading equipment which prolongs the grading process and raises the labor costs. When an onion deviates from being perfect globular shape it has been discovered that grading mistake will increase therefore it is essential to the develop system for grading that is more precise and effective. The main objective of the project is to grade onions in three grades i.e., 20-40mm(small), 40-60mm(medium), >=60mm(large) accurately and to make a portable system with reduced processing time. The proposed system presents an effective method that can help the classifying, has high accuracy and fast grading time that could meet industrial needs. The conveyer belt is build using Flexible Rubber of 2m length and 20cm width, Dc motor with 300Rpm and 12v geared, Roller of 6cm inner diameter. V pulley is used to support the motor movement, flat conveyor belt is considered having plywood as the supporting bed. Onions are passed through the conveyor belt where the sensor system is attached alongside of the belt to determine the diameter of the onions. The sensor system consists of ultrasonic sensor integrated using Arduino uno as controller. The data acquired from the sensor system is been processed using serial communication for sorting mechanism, in sorting mechanism onions are been graded into small, medium and large accordingly. Flapping system made up of servo motor and linear flaps is used to divert the onions to a particular direction based on the position of baskets. Onions are collected at three separate baskets kept at the end of the conveyor belt system. This project shall have an application in both farming and the upliftment of agricultural sector and the life of farmers. The proposed Electric vehicle control system is implemented on a prototype tricycle chassis. Overall, the paper proposes a cost- effective motor drive control system for electric vehicles, with closed-loop PWM control and an electronic differential control loop. It offers efficiency, reliability, and a smooth driving experience, making it an ideal solution for sustainable transportation and a significant contribution to the field.