Legal Frameworks Governing Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity: Challenges and Future Directions in India

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in the field of cybersecurity by enabling advanced threat detection, automated incident response, malware analysis, and predictive security measures. As cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated, organizations and governments are relying on AI-driven systems to protect critical infrastructure, digital services, and sensitive information. However, the integration of AI into cybersecurity creates complex legal and regulatory challenges concerning privacy, accountability, transparency, data governance, and misuse of technology. In India, the legal framework governing AI-based cybersecurity applications is still developing. Existing laws such as the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, cybersecurity policies, and sector-specific regulations provide partial regulation but do not comprehensively address AI-specific risks. Questions regarding liability for autonomous AI decisions, algorithmic transparency, cybersecurity obligations, and ethical use of AI remain unresolved. This research paper examines the current legal frameworks applicable to artificial intelligence in cybersecurity in India, evaluates their limitations, and explores possible future regulatory approaches. It argues that India requires a balanced AI governance model that promotes technological innovation while ensuring security, privacy, accountability, and protection of individual rights.

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