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Published Paper Details:
Human-Animal Conflict in the Anthropocene: Legal, Human Rights, and Governance Responses for Sustainable Coexistence
Authors
Dipanjan Das
Downlaod Center
Keywords
Human-Animal conflict, Anthropocene Governance, Human Rights, ESG, Surveillance Technology.
Abstract
Human-animal conflict has emerged as one of the defining governance dilemmas of the Anthropocene, an epoch marked by profound human alteration of ecological systems. As expanding cities, linear infrastructure, extractive economies, and intensive land-use practices encroach upon natural habitats, the boundaries between human and non-human worlds increasingly blur. The consequences are often violent and unequal. It manifests in loss of human life, erosion of livelihoods, ecological fragmentation, and creates deep ethical questions about coexistence in a shared landscape.
This paper approaches human-animal conflict not merely as a problem of wildlife conservation or management, but as a complex legal and human rights issue embedded in development choices and institutional failures. It critically examines the legal and policy frameworks governing conflict mitigation, with reference to environmental law, forest governance, wildlife protection regimes, and disaster management responses. Particular attention is paid to the lived experiences of indigenous peoples, forest-dependent communities, and other marginalised groups who bear a disproportionate share of conflict-related harms. These often persists without adequate legal recognition, protection, or remedy.
At the same time, the paper explores the evolving normative space within environmental governance that increasingly acknowledges animal welfare, ecological integrity, and interspecies ethics. It interrogates the scope of criminal and civil liability arising from human-animal conflict, assessing state responsibility, administrative accountability, and the limitations of individualised, fault-based legal approaches in addressing structurally produced ecological harm. Compensation and rehabilitation mechanisms are analysed through the lens of environmental justice, revealing persistent gaps in accessibility, adequacy, and effective implementation.
The paper further evaluates the role of technology, such as, early warning systems, geospatial mapping, and data-driven monitoring, as both a tool of innovation and a site of new governance challenges, including concerns relating to surveillance, exclusion, and distributive equity. Situating domestic responses within the broader architecture of international environmental law, biodiversity conservation treaties, and cross-border wildlife governance, the paper ultimately argues for a paradigm shift. It calls for a move away from reactive, compensation-centric models towards rights-based, community-centred, and preventive governance frameworks capable of fostering sustainable and ethically grounded coexistence between humans and the more-than-human world.
IJCRT's Publication Details
Unique Identification Number - IJCRT2604399
Paper ID - 305589
Author type - Indian Author
Page Number(s) - d337-d348
Pubished in - Volume 14 | Issue 4 | April 2026
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) -
No Of Downloads - 29
Author Country - India, 731204, BOLPUR, BOLPUR, 731204, Social Science All
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Dipanjan Das, "Human-Animal Conflict in the Anthropocene: Legal, Human Rights, and Governance Responses for Sustainable Coexistence", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN:2320-2882, Volume.14, Issue 4, pp.d337-d348, April 2026, Available at :http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2604399.pdf
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