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The Large Geomagnetic Storms in Solar Cycle 24: Observations and Impacts on the Atmosphere
Authors
Dr. Jayram Das Prajapati,Dr. Lokendra Kumar Borker
Downlaod Center
Keywords
Solar irradiance, Geoeffectiveness, Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)
Abstract
Solar Cycle 24 (2008-2019), despite being the weakest solar cycle in over a century in terms of sunspot activity and overall solar irradiance, produced several intense geomagnetic storms with significant space weather consequences. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the major geomagnetic storms of Solar Cycle 24, with a particular focus on their solar origins, geoeffectiveness, and upper atmospheric responses. The storms are characterized using geomagnetic indices such as the Dst (Disturbance Storm Time) and Kp index, and include high-impact events such as the March 17, 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm,which recorded a peak Dst of -223 nT--the most intense of the cycle.
The research integrates data from solar wind parameters, coronal mass ejection (CME) observations, and interplanetary magnetic field conditions, along with thermospheric density anomalies derived from the GRACE satellite. Peak Kp values are examined across multiple storms to quantify auroral activity and magnetic field perturbations, while comparative Dst analysis reveals variability in storm intensities and energy coupling efficiency. The study also highlights the thermospheric response to storm-time energy input, demonstrating significant heating and expansion of the upper atmosphere, which led to increased atmospheric drag on satellites and disruptions in radio communication systems.
Despite lower overall solar activity, the findings underscore that Solar Cycle 24 produced disproportionately strong geomagnetic responses relative to its sunspot output, suggesting a complex interplay between CME structure, interplanetary magnetic field orientation, and magnetospheric dynamics. This research contributes to the growing understanding that even weak solar cycles can produce high-impact space weather events and reinforces the importance of continuous monitoring, modeling, and mitigation efforts for the protection of modern technological infrastructure.
IJCRT's Publication Details
Unique Identification Number - IJCRT2507807
Paper ID - 291822
Author type - Indian Author
Page Number(s) - g980-g987
Pubished in - Volume 13 | Issue 7 | July 2025
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) -
No Of Downloads - 85
Author Country - India, 482002, JABALPUR, JABALPUR, 482002, Physics All
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Dr. Jayram Das Prajapati,Dr. Lokendra Kumar Borker, "The Large Geomagnetic Storms in Solar Cycle 24: Observations and Impacts on the Atmosphere", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN:2320-2882, Volume.13, Issue 7, pp.g980-g987, July 2025, Available at :http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2507807.pdf
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