Conference Proceeding - One Day National Conference on INCLUSIVE HIGHER EDUCATION IN INNOVATIONS, CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD
Volume 14 | Issue 5

 Abstract

The landscape of global higher education is currently traversing a period of profound structural and epistemological metamorphosis mediated by Artificial Intelligence (AI). This research investigates the integration of advanced generative architectures, specifically Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and neuroadaptive learning systems, into university frameworks (Thesen & Park, 2025; Upadhyay et al., 2026). Using the philosophical construct of Kuvempu's Vishwa Manava (Universal Human), the paper evaluates how algorithmic personalization interacts with indigenous pedagogical traditions such as the Guru-Shishya parampara (Puttappa, 1982; Sil & Dutta, 2025). Key thematic inquiries include linguistic democratization through India's BHASHINI infrastructure, the socio-economic risks of the rural-urban digital divide, and the erosion of the human educator's professional identity (Nag, 2026; Popenici, 2023). The report advocates for a "Critical Alliance" framework that prioritizes human cognitive agency and ethical reflection over deterministic efficiency (Ramos-Benitez et al., 2026). Findings indicate that while AI offers scalable individualized support, its responsible deployment requires equitable infrastructure, robust governance, and a pedagogical commitment to intellectual struggle as a core component of deep learning (World Bank, 2025; Hamamra et al., 2025).

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Artificial Intelligence, Higher Education, Personalized Learning, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), Neuroadaptive Learning, National Education Policy 2020, Vishwa Manava, Karnataka State Budget 2026-27.

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In the era of the Anthropocene, literature increasingly interrogates the entanglement of ecological degradation and social injustice. Amitav Ghosh, through his novels The Hungry Tide and Gun Island, reconfigures climate fiction by granting agency to marginalized nonhuman entities such as tigers, tides, snakes, storms, and mythic forces. These works move beyond anthropocentric paradigms to present the Sundarbans as a multispecies contact zone shaped by colonial histories, neoliberal exploitation, and climate vulnerability. Drawing upon postcolonial ecocriticism, deep ecology, and posthumanist theory, this paper argues that Ghosh's narrative ecologies expose the intersection between ecological violence and social marginalization. By amplifying nonhuman voices alongside displaced refugees, fishers, and migrants, the novels advocate an ethics of interspecies solidarity. The paper further examines the pedagogical relevance of such narratives in fostering inclusive and socially responsive higher education in India. Through mythic realism and transnational climate imaginaries, Ghosh positions literature as a transformative tool for ecological consciousness and social justice.

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Anthropocene; Nonhuman Agency; Postcolonial Ecocriticism; Climate Fiction; Social Justice.

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This article examines Susan Abulhawa's Mornings in Jenin (2010) through the lens of cultural resistance. It argues that Abulhawa utilizes the novel as a medium to counter the systematic erasure of Palestinian identity by positioning storytelling, iconography, and artistic preservation as subversive political tools. By analyzing the roles of oral history, poetic discourse, and material culture, this study demonstrates how artistic expression functions as a primary mode of survival--a concept defined as Sumud--against geopolitical displacement. The study concludes that Abulhawa's narrative reclamation serves as a "virtual homeland" that persists despite physical occupation.

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Palestinian Literature, Cultural Resistance, Susan Abulhawa, Memory Studies, Post-colonialism, Gendered Resistance.

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The presence of violence and sex in popular media represents a major health problem in young teenagers. Less is known about the effects on children and teenagers of sex in media. But it is possible to note that if violence can lead to real-life violence, surely media sex could lead to real-life sex. Today many of the teenagers can click a mouse/mobile before they can even tie their shoelaces. The impact of internet technology and television has captured the thoughts and imagination of young minds that are shedding their innocence too early. In my paper I will try to evaluate the effect of sex in popular media on children's behavior, while also demonstrating the link between media violence and sexual attitude in teenagers. (I have considered adolescents less than 18 years as teens.) The way in which children learn, makes the portrayal of violence, sex, drugs and alcohol within the media an important contributor to the behavior of children. It teaches positive or negative messages to children about conflict resolution, gender roles, courtship patterns and sexual gratification. The incredible amount of sexually suggestive material in popular media shows the teens to be functioning as a sort of "super-peer" , making early sexual activity seem like normal behavior for some impressionable young adolescents.

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Media sex, Real-life sex, Gender Roles, Courtship, Sexual Gratification, Super-Peer.

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Disability Studies is a nascent field and an inventive area with its basis and roots in the social sciences, humanities and rehabilitation sciences. The field encompasses the life experiences of the disabled, the critical issues that are in need of attention, better understanding of the problems and effort to venture into integrative approaches to unify the field. This multiplicity of the diverse voices, perspectives, goals combine in shaping the field of disability studies. The research paper recognizes the relationship between the concept of normalcy and the notion of stigma that is attached with the disabled community.

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Disability, Lived experiences, Stigma and Normalcy

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This paper seeks to reconstruct the history of Beary women in Tulunadu by documenting lived experiences that have remained peripheral to mainstream historiography. Rather than approaching the community through homogenized or externally imposed categories, the study foregrounds everyday cultural practices as archives of meaning. Practices such as attending waal gatherings, the socially significant role of the matchmaker in wedding negotiations, lived experiences of widowhood, and the management of households during male migration to the Gulf collectively constitute a gendered historical landscape.

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Gender, Education, Women's history, Beary community, Historiography

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This paper examines the intersectional dynamics of caste and gender politics in The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy, foregrounding how structures of silence sustain systemic oppression in postcolonial Indian society. Set in Kerala, the novel exposes the deeply entrenched hierarchies that regulate love, sexuality, and social mobility through what Roy terms the "Love Laws" the codes determining "who should be loved, and how." By situating the forbidden relationship between Ammu and Velutha within the framework of caste transgression and patriarchal control, the novel reveals how women and Dalit bodies become sites of surveillance, punishment and erasure.

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Intersectionality, Caste Hierarchy, Gender Politics, Structural Violence, Marginalization

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Contemporary discourses on women's empowerment frequently position education as a pathway to liberation, autonomy, and social mobility. However, literary narratives reveal the limitations of this assumption within patriarchal societies where women continue to bear the burden of unpaid and invisible labour. This paper examines the relationship between women's education, gendered expectations, and invisible labour in Indian women's fiction through a close reading of The Dark Holds No Terrors by Shashi Deshpande and Difficult Daughters by Manju Kapur. Drawing on feminist theories of social reproduction and engaging with Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own, the study argues that education alone does not dismantle deeply entrenched cultural norms that assign women primary responsibility for caregiving, domestic work, and emotional labour. The paper highlights how the burden of care: reinforced through ideals of the "ideal woman," motherhood, and tradition, continues to structure women's lives despite educational advancement and emphasizes that inclusive higher education must move beyond access and address the socio-cultural frameworks that sustain gender inequality.

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Invisible Labour, Social Reproduction, Educational Empowerment, Motherhood, Burden of Care, Traditional Roles

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This study examines the economic challenges and market dynamics of major plantation crops in India with particular emphasis on production trends, export performance, and price volatility during the period 2020-2024. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from official sources. Quantitative techniques including Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Coefficient of Variation (CV), and simple regression analysis were used to examine growth trends, price variability, and the relationship between production and export earnings. The results indicate that plantation crop production in India has shown gradual growth during the study period.

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Plantation Crops, Price Volatility, Market Dynamics, Regression Analysis, Export Growth, India 2025

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Globalization has brought profound changes to higher education systems across the world. In India, these changes have been particularly visible since the economic liberalization policies introduced in 1991. The increasing integration of global economies, advances in technology, and international academic collaborations have reshaped the policies and governance of higher education institutions.

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 Keywords

Globalization, Higher Education Policy, Internationalization, Privatization, India, National Education Policy

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The global economic paradigm is shifting from "brown growth" - dependent on fossil fuel extraction, high carbon intensity, and unpriced environmental externalities to a "green economy" defined by resource efficiency, low-carbon innovation, and social inclusion. This paper explores the strategic pathways for national economies to navigate this transition. It argues that decarbonization is no longer merely an environmental imperative but a macroeconomic strategy for long-term resilience. By examining four core pillars renewable energy integration, industrial deep decarbonization, green mobility and transition finance. This paper outlines a comprehensive framework for achieving Net Zero. Special attention is paid to the "Just Transition" to ensure political feasibility and social equity in carbon-intensive regions.

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Decarbonization Strategies, Brown Growth to Green Growth, Transition Finance, Just Transition, Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), Hard-to-Abate Sectors, Green Hydrogen Economy, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS), Circular Economy, Energy Decoupling

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In the present study was conducted to examine the mental health and life satisfaction among government and private secondary school teachers. The human life changed regularly many causes are influenced on that changes so this condition effects on human health especially human mental health. Mental health includes our feelings, emotions, thoughts, psychological, social well-being and sexual well-being. The human life satisfaction is more essential to lead life in future. The sample for the study consisted of 100 government and private secondary school teachers. The 100 subjects including two groups i.e. 50 governments and 50 private school Teachers. They are educational background and place of the subjects will be controlled, age range between 24-46, all teachers of rural population. For the objective of these study two psychological tests is used to measures. Mental health inventory developed by Dr. Jagdish and Dr. A.K. Srivastava (1983) and The Satisfaction with Life Scale for children (SWLS) is a measure of life satisfaction developed by Ed Diener and colleagues (1985) are used for this study. The obtained data was analysed by using mean, SD and't'- test is employed. Further, Spearman's coefficient of correlation was applied. The result of the study concluded that there is a significant difference between government and private secondary school teachers on mental health and life satisfaction, and also there is a significant relationship between mental health and life satisfaction among government and private secondary school teachers.

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Mental Health, Life Satisfaction, Teachers. Government, Private Schools.

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This paper examines higher education in India as a structural determinant of social mobility rather than a normative instrument of social change. Using secondary quantitative data from the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), National Sample Survey (NSS), graduate employability reports, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), and India Skills Report 2023-24, the study evaluates whether expansion in access has translated into measurable intergenerational and intragenerational mobility. Anchored in stratification theory and the Capability Approach, the analysis demonstrates that while higher education has significantly reduced access-based exclusion, outcome-based inequalities persist due to institutional quality differentials, digital capital asymmetries, and labor market segmentation. The paper argues that India's higher education system currently facilitates positional mobility for a minority while reproducing structural inequality for the majority. It concludes by proposing a capability-adjusted, outcomes-based policy framework aligned with UGC, ICSSR, and Scopus-indexed empirical research standards.

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 Keywords

Higher Education; Social Mobility; Social Stratification; Capability Approach; Employability; India; Inclusive Education; NEP 2020; Digital Divide;

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Despite India's economic ascent, approximately 76 million urban slum residents, including 8 million children, remain on the periphery of the nation's educational progress. This study evaluates the level and quality of participation in government educational interventions. Utilizing a qualitative methodology and secondary data analysis across five major metros, the research identifies a significant disconnect between policy intent (e.g., RTE 2009, Mid-Day Meal Scheme) and ground-level reality. Critical barriers including systemic implementation gaps, lack of parental awareness, and substandard infrastructure transform potential "active engagement" into "sporadic attendance." The paper proposes decentralizing school monitoring and introducing flexible "bridge" schools to ensure inclusive national development.

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Urban Slums, Educational Participation, RTE Act 2009, Migration, Inclusive Education, Policy Intervention.

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The growth of human capital is essential to reach its goals and vision. A nation will be weak without good human capital because it won't have people who can start new projects and look at things in fresh ways. A good education process leads to good human capital. A well-planned, professionally constructed education system is essential for cultivating such human capital. In India, the higher education sector plays a key role in developing such human capital. At the same time, the global community is increasingly focusing on sustainable development. This includes responsible use of natural resources, environmentally friendly professional practices, balanced consumption, and protecting the environment for future generations. In this context, higher education institutions have an important responsibility. Universities should not only provide knowledge and technical skills but also foster awareness regarding sustainability. This study therefore examines the role of higher education in promoting sustainability and integrating sustainable practices within the education system.

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Higher Education, India, Human capital, Sustainable development, Education for Sustainable development (ESD)

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Higher education in India stands at a pivotal juncture, with technology playing a transformative role in enhancing access, equity, and quality. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges associated with leveraging technology to advance higher education in India. It examines initiatives aimed at expanding access to education, promoting equity among diverse learner populations, and improving the quality of educational experiences through the integration of Information Technology (IT). However, various challenges hinder the realization of these goals, including the digital divide, infrastructure limitations, pedagogical integration, etc. Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts from policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to ensure that technology-driven initiatives effectively enhance access, equity, and quality in higher education across India.

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Higher education, Technology, Access, Equity, Quality, Challenges, India.

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Higher education has long been regarded as a transformative force in modern societies, serving as a pathway to social mobility, economic empowerment, and democratic participation. In India, the expansion of higher education since independence has been closely linked to aspirations of social justice, nation-building, and inclusive development. The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) reaching 28.4% in 2021-22 (AISHE, 2022), the sector has witnessed significant quantitative growth. However, questions remain regarding its qualitative and structural impact on marginalized communities. This paper critically examines higher education as a tool of social transformation in India from a sociological perspective, drawing upon secondary data sources including national surveys, policy documents, and scholarly literature. The study analyzes disparities in access across caste, class, gender, and region, highlighting persistent gaps in enrolment and completion rates among Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Using theoretical frameworks such as Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital, the paper explores whether higher education facilitates upward mobility or reproduces existing social hierarchies. The findings suggest that while higher education has contributed to increased participation, enhanced gender Equality, and expanded institutional infrastructure, structural inequalities continue to shape educational outcomes. The paper argues that transformative potential lies not merely in expansion but in ensuring equitable access, inclusive institutional cultures, and redistributive policy mechanisms. Strengthening these dimensions is essential for higher education to function as a genuine instrument of social transformation in contemporary India.

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Higher Education, Social Transformation, Social Mobility, Inequality, India

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Inclusive education signifies that education is a fundamental right for every individual, irrespective of class, caste, gender, disability, or socio-economic background. It is a transformative system that ensures every individual across the globe deserves the opportunity to learn, pursue higher qualifications, and contribute meaningfully to society. However, the journey toward this ideal in India has been a complex transition from deep-seated exclusion to a rights-based framework.

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Elite class, Reservations, Learning disabilities, Institutional barriers, Digital divide, Positive classroom atmosphere, National Education Policy, Social Equity

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Inclusive growth and poverty reduction are important goals of India's development efforts, particularly for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), who have faced long-term social and economic disadvantages. Higher education plays a key role in helping individuals improve their skills, secure better employment, and achieve upward social mobility. To support these communities, the government introduced the Special Component Plan (SCP) and Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) to ensure that public funds are fairly allocated for their development. Karnataka strengthened these initiatives through the SCP-TSP Act of 2013 and its amendment in 2017. Against this background, the present study examines how SCP-TSP interventions have contributed to inclusive growth in Karnataka, with special focus on higher education. The study is based on secondary data collected from the Census of India (2011) and budget documents of the Government of Karnataka for the period from 2016-17 to 2023-24. To analyse the data, simple statistical tools such as percentage analysis, trend analysis, and compound annual growth rate were used. The findings show that SCs and STs constitute 17.05 per cent and 7.01 per cent respectively of Karnataka's population, indicating the large number of people who depend on targeted welfare programmes. SCP allocation increased from INR14,408.10 crore in 2016-17 to INR21,044.14 crore in 2018-19, while TSP allocation rose from INR5,632.19 crore to INR8,650.36 crore during the same period. However, funding for higher education declined sharply from INR257.86 crore in 2016 to INR47.95 crore in 2020. The compound annual growth rate analysis reveals a negative growth trend in SCP-TSP higher education funding, with combined allocation declining annually by 2.84 per cent during the study period. The study shows that although Karnataka has achieved high utilization efficiency under SCP-TSP, the declining long-term growth in higher education funding has limited its potential impact on inclusive growth and poverty alleviation. Therefore, sustained and stable financial commitment is essential to strengthen educational access and ensure lasting socio-economic empowerment of SC/ST communities.

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Inclusive Growth, Higher Education, SCP-TSP Interventions, Allocation, Expenditure

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This research paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of globalization on India's higher education system and policy since the country opened up to globalization, liberalization, and privatization in the 1990s. The study identifies key changes such as privatization, internationalization, and the technical revolution. Specifically, it discusses how the National Education Policy-2020 (NEP 2020) attempts to reshape the Indian higher education system to meet global requirements.

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Globalization, Higher Education, NEP 2020, Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), Inclusion.

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This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-confidence and performance in individual sports among college athletes. Psychological factors are crucial in shaping athletic achievement, particularly in individual sports where outcomes rely solely on the athlete's personal abilities and mental resilience. The study involved a sample of 100 college athletes competing in individual sports, including athletics, badminton, wrestling, and swimming. A descriptive correlational research design guided the investigation. Data collection utilized a standardized Sports Self-Confidence Questionnaire alongside official performance records. Statistical analyses, including mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation, and ANOVA, were used to interpret the results.

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Self-confidence, Individual sports, Sports performance, Psychological factors, College athletes.

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The Constitution of India is a key legal and social document that has significantly influenced the country's path since independence. Created under the guidance of B. R. Ambedkar and adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India, it aimed to set up a democratic system of governance and act as a means for social change. This article looks at the role of the Constitution, focusing on reforms after independence and the quest for social justice. It shows how constitutional provisions have shaped public policy, legal interpretation, and the development of institutions. By incorporating principles such as equality, liberty, fraternity, and justice in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles of State Policy, the Constitution established a foundation for addressing historical inequalities based on caste, gender, class, and religion.

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Indian Constitution, Social Justice, Post-Independence Reforms, Fundamental Rights, Democratic Governance

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Education has long been recognized as a crucial instrument for social change and upward mobility in society. In the context of Karnataka, education plays a significant role in shaping social mobility by enabling individuals from marginalized and disadvantaged communities to improve their socio-economic status. This paper examines the role of education in promoting social mobility in Karnataka society from a sociological perspective. It explores how access to formal education, government policies, affirmative action, and expansion of educational institutions have contributed to reducing traditional barriers based on caste, class, and gender. At the same time, the study highlights persistent inequalities in access to quality education between rural and urban areas and among different social groups. Using secondary data from government reports, census data, and existing sociological studies, the paper analyzes the transformative as well as reproductive functions of education. The findings suggest that while education has facilitated social mobility for many individuals in Karnataka, structural constraints such as economic disparity, digital divide, and uneven educational infrastructure continue to limit its full potential. The paper concludes that strengthening inclusive and equitable education is essential for enhancing social mobility and achieving sustainable social change in Karnataka society.

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Education; Social Mobility; Social Change; Karnataka Society; Caste and Class; Inequality; Educational Policy.

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 Abstract

Tejasvi sahityadalli parisara prajne

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Tejasvi sahityadalli parisara prajne

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Charitrika hinnaleyalli Channadasa samudaya

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Charitrika hinnaleyalli Channadasa samudaya

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Bharatada Charitre; Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Drushtikonada Vishleshana

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Bharatada Charitre; Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Drushtikonada Vishleshana

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Digital yugadali kannadada asmite

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Digital yugadali kannadada asmite

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Samagra vyaktitva vikasadalli yoga mattu swasthya shikshanada patra

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Samagra vyaktitva vikasadalli yoga mattu swasthya shikshanada patra

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Handralara Kathegalalli Bhasheya Cheluvu

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Handralara Kathegalalli Bhasheya Cheluvu

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Jayanth Kaikiniyavara kathegalalli Adhunikate mattu manushya sambandhagalu

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Jayanth Kaikiniyavara kathegalalli Adhunikate mattu manushya sambandhagalu

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Jedara dasimaiyana vachangalalli samaajika pragne

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Jedara dasimaiyana vachangalalli samaajika pragne

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Gundappanavara Adipurana Sangrahada Grantha Sampadana Vaishishtya

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Gundappanavara Adipurana Sangrahada Grantha Sampadana Vaishishtya

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Shivabhakta Harishchandra

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Shivabhakta Harishchandra

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Bharatadalli Shaikshanika samate mattu Samvidhanatmaka avakashagalu

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Bharatadalli Shaikshanika samate mattu Samvidhanatmaka avakashagalu

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Grameena Asmithe : Kiragoorina Gaiyalligalu

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Grameena Asmithe : Kiragoorina Gaiyalligalu

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Arogyakara Jeevanadalli Daihika Vyayamada Patra - Ondu Vimarshe

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Arogyakara Jeevanadalli Daihika Vyayamada Patra - Ondu Vimarshe

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Grameena pradeshadalli mahila sabalikarana: ondu samagra vimarshatmaka adhyayana

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Grameena pradeshadalli mahila sabalikarana: ondu samagra vimarshatmaka adhyayana

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The concept of entrepreneurship development plays a pivotal role in National and International level in business for the economic development of a country. Business will be prosperous when an organization follows and adopts entrepreneurial skills; new learning and adopted changes take place throughout the business globe and it inject the growth of the economy, innovation activities, job creation, and enhancing productivity. Entrepreneurship contributes to an increase in production and Gross Domestic Product and makes an attempt to generate employment, wealth creation, and standard of living and has an overwhelming to overall development of the country. The research paper studies the overview of entrepreneurship development, including objectives, opportunities, and challenges of entrepreneurship development.

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Entrepreneurship development, entrepreneurial skill, productivity, competitive economy, Gross Domestic Product.

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The insurance sector plays a vital role in promoting financial security and economic stability in a developing country like India. Over the years, significant reforms in the Indian insurance sector, such as liberalization, privatization, technological advancement, and regulatory strengthening by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India, have enhanced insurance penetration and accessibility among different sections of society. These reforms aim to promote financial inclusion by extending insurance services to rural and semi-urban populations.

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Insurance Sector Reforms ,Financial Inclusion, Insurance Accessibility.

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This article analyzes the nature, significance, and role of academic leadership within the evolving governance framework of higher education institutions. Leadership in the educational sector presents challenges distinct from those in government and industry, as it involves the responsibility of integrating teaching, learning, research, and community service. The article examines the relationship between administrative leadership and applied governance theories, and analyzes the impact of hierarchical, market-oriented, and network-based governance models. In the context of the National Education Policy-2020 (NEP-2020), this study highlights the importance of governance structures, leadership selection processes, institutional autonomy, accountability, and institutional development planning in higher education.

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Academic Leadership, Administrative Leadership, NEP-2020, Higher Education, Governance Theories

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly transforming commerce education by reshaping teaching methodologies, learning processes, and skill development. The integration of AI driven tools such as intelligent tutoring systems, data analytics platforms, automated assessment systems, and virtual assistants has enhanced personalized learning, improved student engagement, and increased academic efficiency. In subjects like accounting, finance, marketing, and business analytics, AI enables real-time feedback, predictive analysis, and practical exposure to industry-oriented applications. This study examines the impact of AI on commerce education by analysing its benefits, challenges, and long term implications. Based on secondary data collected from research articles, academic journals, and educational reports, the study finds that AI enhances conceptual understanding, supports adaptive learning, and prepares students for technology-driven business environments. However, challenges such as data privacy concerns, high implementation costs, digital divide, and lack of technical expertise remain significant barriers. The study concludes that while AI cannot replace human educators, it acts as a powerful supportive tool that makes commerce education more flexible, skill oriented, and aligned with modern industry requirements.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Commerce Education, Personalized Learning Educational Technology (EdTech), Digital Transformation

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The rapid growth of digital payment systems has transformed financial access in India, after the introduction of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in 2016. This study examines the role of digital payments in promoting financial inclusion Specially in rural and urban areas. The research is based entirely on secondary data obtained from reports published by the Reserve Bank of India and the National Payments Corporation of India, focusing on UPI transaction trends from 2016 to 2025. Using trend analysis, the study highlights a significant increase in UPI transactions, reflecting the growing adoption of formal banking services. The findings suggest that digital payment systems have enhanced financial access, enabled transactions, and reduced reliance on cash. The paper concludes that the expansion of digital payments has positively contributed to financial inclusion empowering people to participate in the formal financial system. It also emphasizes the need for continued digital financial literacy programs and institutional support to ensure secure and inclusive participation of people in the digital economy.

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A Study on Growth of UPI based Digital payment and financial Inclusion in India

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming sectors such as education, business, and industry. In commerce education, AI enhances learning by helping students understand complex concepts through digital tools and smart platforms. It enables effective analysis of financial data, market trends, and business strategies, promoting innovation, creativity, and practical learning. AI also plays a vital role in entrepreneurship development by assisting students in identifying business opportunities and improving decision-making. It supports activities like market research, customer analysis, and digital marketing, thereby building students' confidence to start their own ventures. This study examines the role of AI in commerce education and entrepreneurship development among undergraduate students, with special reference to Sringeri. It aims to assess students' awareness and usage of AI and highlight its potential in improving learning outcomes and fostering entrepreneurial thinking.

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Artificial Intelligence, Commerce Education, Entrepreneurship Development, Graduation Students, Digital Learning, Innovation

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Sustainability is higher education's major problem due to expanding environmental, social, and economic instability. HEIs support sustainability through instruction, research, and governance. Lack of understanding, financing, infrastructure, and stakeholder engagement hamper sustainability programs. The study measures HEI sustainability by measuring student and faculty awareness, institutional commitment, sustainability issues, creative and sustainable practices, research possibilities, and academic involvement. The study is cross-sectional and quantitative. Higher education students and professors completed a 34-item 5-point Likert scale survey. Statisticians use SPSS and SEM. Participants have moderate to high sustainability awareness. Innovation and institutional commitment increased research and sustainability. Poor infrastructure, financial constraints, and change resistance impeded sustainability attempts. The study revealed that higher education sustainability required institutional support, stakeholder participation, and innovation. Research and interdisciplinarity boost institutional and social sustainability.

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(Sustainable development, Higher education Institutions, Institutional commitment, innovative practices, academic engagement).

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In today's fast-moving world, growing living expenses such as house rent, children's education fees, medical costs, groceries, and other essentials have made Personal Financial Management (PFM) increasingly important for ensuring financial stability and post-retirement security. In this backdrop, the study aims to examine the personal financial management practices of employees working in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Shivamogga District. The findings reveal that most respondents manage their income effectively and actively seek opportunities to enhance their earnings. Although a significant proportion of employees report some dissatisfaction with their current income levels, the majority demonstrate prudent expense management by adjusting spending in response to income fluctuations and avoiding unnecessary expenditures. However, the study indicates weak investment practices among respondents, particularly in areas such as diversification, regular portfolio review, and informed investment decision-making. This highlights a significant need to improve investment literacy and financial awareness.

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Personal Financial Management, SME Employees, Income, Expenses, Savings, Investment, etc.

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Higher education forms an integral part of a democratic polity like India. Its democratic provision through an effective regulatory framework being the hallmark of the State. The role of the State in regulating higher education in India becomes even more important, given the manifold expansion of the sector, with its market now constituting different kinds of providers, adding to the regulatory complexity of the sector as a whole.

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AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON "VIKSIT BHARAT SHIKSHA ADHISHTHAN (VBSA) BILL, 2025"

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The rapid integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education has necessitated a paradigm shift in pedagogical strategies, particularly within the Commerce stream where data analysis and automation are becoming industry standards.

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Generative AI, Commerce Education, Faculty Adaptation, Student Engagement, Inclusive Higher Education.

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Inclusive education in the contemporary era is a multifaceted concept that has evolved from the historical segregation of learners to a unified, egalitarian model. Sociologically, education serves as a primary vehicle for social mobility, aiming to bridge gaps across castes and classes. Psychologists opine that education must be a fundamental process that nurtures not only cognitive faculties but also emotional and social development. However, for decades, the Indian education system has remained largely unidimensional, characterized by a "marks-based" culture that disproportionately rewards linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences. This narrow focus has inadvertently marginalized learners who possess diverse strengths, particularly those who are differently abled or do not fit the traditional academic mould.

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Multiple Intelligences, Howard Gardner, NEP 2020, Inclusive Education, Indian Schooling System, Differentiated Instruction, Holistic Assessment.

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This research paper evaluates the financial performance of Mandya District Central Cooperative Bank (MDCC Bank) before and after the pandemic by comparing the time-series analysis of the financial performance during the years 2015-2025. The study aims to examine structural growth, profitability trend, asset quality, and capital adequacy during pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. The study takes the descriptive and comparative research design based on the secondary data collected in the annual reports of the Bank. Trend analysis and phase-wise comparison are used to analyze key financial indicators such as deposits, loans and advances, working capital, gross income, net profit, Net Margin, Yield on Assets, NPA percentage, Recovery rate and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CRAR).

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Cooperative Banks, Financial Performance, COVID-19 Impact, Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Time-Series Analysis.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays an important role in strengthening financial sectors in developing economies. In India, the insurance industry has gradually opened to foreign participation to attract capital, improve efficiency, and expand insurance coverage. When the sector was liberalized under the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999, the FDI limit was initially set at 26 percent. This limit was later increased to 49 percent in 2015, 74 percent in 2021, and finally to 100 percent in 2025, marking a major shift in investment policy. This study examines the impact of FDI liberalization on the growth of India's insurance sector using secondary data from 2001 to 2025. Indicators such as insurance penetration, premium growth, and market competition are analysed through regression techniques. The findings show a positive relationship between FDI inflows and sectoral development. Higher foreign investment has improved competition, efficiency, and technological adoption. The study concludes that while 100 percent FDI can accelerate industry growth, effective regulation by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India remains essential to safeguard policyholders and maintain financial stability.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); Insurance Sector; Insurance Penetration; Financial Sector Reforms; Insurance Market Competition; India; FDI Liberalization

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the global business ecosystem, redefining how new ventures are conceptualized, launched, and scaled. In India, where entrepreneurship is viewed as a key driver of economic growth and employment generation, AI presents both unprecedented opportunities and structural challenges. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative survey analysis (n = 400 entrepreneurs and MSMEs) and qualitative interviews (n = 30 stakeholders) to examine the impact of AI on entrepreneurship development (ED) in India. The findings indicate that AI significantly enhances operational efficiency, customer intelligence, market access, and innovation capacity. However, adoption remains uneven due to skill shortages, financial constraints, infrastructure disparities, data limitations, and regulatory uncertainty. The study concludes that while AI can accelerate entrepreneurial growth and competitiveness in India, inclusive adoption requires coordinated interventions in education, policy, and ecosystem development.

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Artificial Intelligence, Entrepreneurship Development, MSMEs, Innovation, Digital Transformation, India

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In Indian tax system there are two types of taxes are there, Direct tax and indirect tax .In that GST (Goods and service tax) comes under indirect tax.GST play very vital role in the economic progression in India. GST was implemented for MSME on July/1/2017 including turnover more than 40 lakhs for goods and 20 lakh for services. After implementation of GST on MSME (Micro, Small, Medium)it brings immense change in the revenue system India.

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Indirect tax, GST, MSME, Input tax credit, Compliance cost, Cascading effect

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In India, Higher educational institutes have traditionally depended on chalk and talk classroom method with restrictive curriculum design and assessment methods. fixed curricula, and conventional assessment methods. However, in digital century, Innovation of digital tools and its transformation like Virtual classrooms, blending learning, LMS, AI-enables teaching and learning tools etc. enhancing accessibility, allowing students from diverse geographical and socio-economic backgrounds to participate in higher education. Innovation in higher education extends beyond teaching and learning to include research, administration, and student support services. Technologies like big data analytics, cloud computing and automation help institutions improve operational efficiency, academic planning, and resource management. The objective of the study is to analyze the positive and negative impacts of Innovation and Digital Revolution in Higher education among the faculty members through survey Method. The research conducted by questioning 50 respondents and have used Independent samples t-test to check the opinion of male and female respondents is same of differ. The findings indicate that innovation and digital transformation are positively perceived by both groups, particularly in enhancing learning accessibility, self-learning opportunities, and institutional collaboration. In conclusion, innovation and digital transformation is essential for the sustainability and competitiveness of higher education institutions.

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Global Collaboration, Digital Infrastructure, Digital Literacy, Social Interaction

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Employability skills have become an essential requirement for graduates in the rapidly evolving and competitive job market. Traditional commerce education emphasizes theoretical knowledge, which may not fully equip students with the practical skills demanded by modern industries. In this context, tailored commerce education has gained importance as an approach that integrates academic learning with industry-relevant competencies. The present study aims to examine the impact of tailored commerce education on the development of employability skills among commerce students. The research adopts an empirical approach based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from commerce students in higher education institutions. The study focuses on key employability skills such as communication ability, analytical thinking, digital literacy, problem-solving skills, and professional adaptability. Data collected from the respondents were analysed using appropriate statistical tools to understand the relationship between tailored educational practices and employability skill development.

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Employability Skills, Commerce, Tailored Education, Skill Development, Higher Education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming education systems and entrepreneurial ecosystems worldwide. In India, commerce education plays a critical role in preparing students for careers in business, finance, accounting, and entrepreneurship. However, traditional pedagogical approaches often fail to equip learners with the analytical, digital, and innovation-oriented skills required in the modern economy. This paper examines how Artificial Intelligence enhances commerce education and strengthens entrepreneurial skills in the Indian context. It analyses AI-driven learning systems, data analytics tools, automation technologies, and digital platforms that contribute to improved academic outcomes and entrepreneurial capabilities. The study further discusses policy support, implementation challenges, and future prospects. The paper concludes that strategic integration of AI in commerce education can significantly contribute to skill development, innovation, and sustainable economic growth in India.

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Artificial Intelligence, Commerce Education, Entrepreneurial Skills, Digital Economy, Skill Development, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Financial inclusion has become a key priority in India's economic policy, particularly for micro and small enterprises that face barriers in accessing formal finance. The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, launched in 2015, addresses this gap by providing collateral-free loans to non-farm micro-enterprises. This study evaluates PMMY's impact on first-generation entrepreneurs in Karnataka, with a focus on Koppal City, using a mixed-method approach combining secondary data and interviews with 50 beneficiaries. The findings show that PMMY has significantly expanded credit access for women and socially disadvantaged groups. While its tiered loan structure supports entry-level entrepreneurship, progression to higher loan categories is constrained by financial, compliance, and mentoring challenges. Karnataka performs relatively better due to supportive ecosystem factors. Overall, PMMY has enhanced entrepreneurial participation, but sustained growth requires stronger skill development and institutional support systems.

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Financial Inclusion, PMMY, First-Generation Entrepreneurs, MSME, Collateral-Free Credit.

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In the context of increasing social, cultural, linguistic, and economic diversity, diversity management has emerged as a strategic priority for higher education institutions in India. Karnataka, with its heterogeneous student and faculty population, presents a relevant setting to examine how diversity is managed at the institutional level. The present study examines the nature, extent, and effectiveness in universities' diversity practices, with a specific focus on policy frameworks, implementation mechanisms, and stakeholder perceptions. Using a descriptive and analytical research design, primary data were collected from students, teaching faculties and management, and through a structured questionnaire, complemented by secondary sources such as policy documents, reports, and scholarly literature. Statistical tools including percentage analysis, mean score analysis, and independent samples t-test were employed. The findings reveal that moderate adoption of diversity management practices, with notable strengths in inclusive curriculum design and policy formulation, and significant gaps related to resource availability, training, communication, and disability support services. Hypothesis testing confirms the significant differences in diversity management practices across institutional types and demonstrates a constructive relationship between diversity management and inclusiveness. The study concludes with policy-relevant suggestions to strengthen inclusive and equitable higher education environments in Karnataka.

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Diversity management, Higher education, Karnataka, Inclusion, equity.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technological advancement that significantly influences various sectors, including commerce and entrepreneurship. In recent years, social media start-ups have increasingly adopted AI technologies to enhance their digital marketing strategies, customer engagement, and business decision-making processes. AI-powered tools such as data analytics, chatboxs, recommendation systems, and automated content creation enable start-ups to understand customer behaviour, personalize marketing campaigns, and improve operational efficiency. As a result, entrepreneurs are able to reach wider audiences, reduce marketing costs, and increase business competitiveness in the digital marketplace.In India, the rapid expansion of internet connectivity, smartphone usage, and digital platforms has created numerous opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs to establish innovative social media-based businesses. Platforms such as social networking sites, online marketplaces, and content-sharing applications have become powerful channels for product promotion, brand building, and customer interaction. Within this context, AI plays a crucial role in helping start-ups analyse market trends, predict consumer preferences, and optimize advertising strategies. This article focuses on the role of AI in social media start-ups and entrepreneurship development with special reference to Shivamogga city. The study aims to examine how AI technologies are being adopted by emerging businesses in the region and how they contribute to entrepreneurial growth. It also highlights the objectives and scope of the research, identifies existing research gaps, and explains the methodology used for data collection and analysis. Furthermore, the study discusses the challenges faced by start-ups in adopting AI, such as limited technical expertise, financial constraints, and data privacy concerns. Finally, the article reviews current developments and opportunities for AI-driven entrepreneurship in Shivamogga.

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Artificial Intelligence, Social Media Startups, Digital Marketing, Entrepreneurship Development.

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Sustainability of academic careers has become an urgent issue for higher education institutions, especially with the rise in faculty mobility. Migrant faculty contribute to greater academic diversity and improve the output of an institution. Their future career sustainability largely depends on the support they receive for their career progression. This research paper will explore how career development practices affect the sustainability of academic faculties among migrant faculty in higher education institutions in Bengaluru, India. The study involved 358 migrant faculty members. The findings indicate that career advancement practices have a strong and positive effect on career sustainability. However, the relationship between the challenges faced by migrant faculty and the influence of career advancement practices on career sustainability is somewhat weakened by job satisfaction and perceived organizational support. The results provide valuable insights for institutional leaders and policymakers in creating inclusive and sustainable career development policies that support long-term sustainability in human capital within education.

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Career progression, Academic career sustainability, Migrant faculty, Higher education institutions, Structural equation modeling

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Education system, industrial growth, entrepreneurial eco-system are the key indicators of the development of any nation, Entrepreneurship has emerged as a transformative force in modern economies, driving innovation, employment generation, and sustainable development. The systematic development of entrepreneurship skills is increasingly recognized as essential for preparing graduates to succeed in complex and industrial environments. This article examines the role of entrepreneurship skill development and industrial collaboration enhancing students' readiness for real-world business challenges. The article emphasizes the need for integrated policy strategies that institutionalize partnerships and embed experiential entrepreneurship education across disciplines. Collaboration and mutual supports among the stakeholders have explained by framing the model of collaboration. The study is based on secondary data collected from an extensive review of existing literature, research articles and policy documents. The study concludes that higher education institutions equipped with robust entrepreneurial and industrial networks are better positioned to support economic flexibility, foster innovation, and cultivate future-ready entrepreneurs in a competitive global landscape.

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Entrepreneurship skill, Entrepreneurial ecosystem, Experiential learning mechanisms, Academic-industry collaboration, Higher education.

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This study investigates the comparative performance of selected large-cap mutual funds in India over the period 2021 - 2025 using monthly closing Net Asset Value (NAV) data. The analysis evaluates both return and risk-adjusted performance measures to give a comprehensive assessment of fund efficiency. Key indicators including Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, Beta, Treynor ratio, and Jensen's Alpha are employed within the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) framework. The NIFTY 50 index serves as the benchmark, and a 7 percent annual risk-free rate is assumed for excess return estimation. Empirical results indicate that Nippon India Large Cap Fund exhibited superior compounded growth and the highest risk-adjusted performance, followed by ICICI Prudential and HDFC Top 100, while Axis demonstrated relatively weaker performance. However, the One-Way ANOVA results reveal no statistically significant difference in mean monthly returns among the selected funds at the 5 percent level. The findings suggest that although performance efficiency varies across schemes, large-cap funds within the same category tend to generate comparable average returns over time.

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Mutual Funds, Large-Cap Mutual Funds, Equity Mutual Funds, Performance Analysis.

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Indian insurance sector has undergone significant reforms to enhance efficiency, transparency and market penetration especially in terms of regulatory innovation and digital transformation. Regulatory efforts by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) and policy efforts like liberalization, improvement of foreign direct investment norms as well as consumer-focused regulations have changed the industry to a large extent. At the same time, the issue of digitalization is turning out to be a crucial facilitator of operational perfection and quality of services within the insurance ecosystem. This paper investigates the digitalization and regulatory innovation impact in reshaping the Indian insurance industry with a particular focus on general insurance. The research relies on the secondary data obtained via IRDAI annual reports, government publications, industry reports, and available scholarly literature. Digital reforms are examined through e-insurance accounts, online policy issuance, online policy claims management, InsurTech integration, and regulatory sandbox programs in order to determine their effect on operational efficiency, customer experience, and financial inclusion. These results also indicate that digital and regulatory changes have minimized in claims settlement, and offered more insurance access to a wide range of segments of the population. Nonetheless, other challenges that are noted in the study include cybersecurity threats, issues of data privacy, and adaptation to new technologies by regulation, as well as the ongoing digital divide. The conclusion of the paper is that continuous regulatory innovation, inclusive and safe digital policy is a route to enhancing consumer trust and establishing the long-term development of the Indian insurance industry within the changing digital economy, processing time, improved transparency, improved efficiency

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Insurance reforms, Digitalization, Regulatory Innovation, Operational Efficiency, Financial Inclusions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition