Conference Proceeding - Multidisciplinary Pathways to Achieve Viksit Bharat 2.0
Volume 13 | Issue 5

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India's agriculture sector, which employs about 42% of the country's workforce, is facing unprecedented challenges due to climate change, declining soil fertility, water scarcity and market volatility.This research examines crop diversification as a sustainable farming strategy to address these challenges while enhancing agricultural resilience and farmer livelihoods.Based on secondary data sources across multiple Indian states, this study analyses the implementation, outcomes and challenges of crop diversification practices in different agro-ecological regions of India.Research shows that states that implemented structured crop diversification programmes saw a 15-30% increase in farmer incomes, and significant improvements in soil health indicators.Case studies of Punjab, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh show that successful diversification strategies incorporate indigenous knowledge, market linkages and are supported by enabling policies.However, implementation barriers include limited access to quality seeds, inadequate extension services, and lack of market infrastructure.This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for enhancing crop diversification in India's diverse agricultural landscapes, emphasizing the need for regionally tailored approaches, participatory research and policy incentives.This research supports and contributes to crop diversification as an important strategy for achieving the dual objectives of agricultural sustainability and food security in India.The findings suggest that shifting from mono-cropping to diversified cropping systems could increase agricultural resilience to climate change by 30-45%, while at the same time enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services.The study concludes with policy recommendations to integrate crop diversification into the National Agriculture Plan to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and India's commitment to sustainable agriculture.

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Crop diversification, sustainable agriculture, climate resilience, agricultural policy, soil health, farmer livelihoods, biodiversity, agroecology, food security, India

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Vocational training is an important component of the economic and industrial progress of any nation. This training provides skills to the workforce as per the requirements of the industries.However, vocational training also faces a number of challenges for which it is necessary to find solutions. This research paper highlights the major challenges of vocational training and presents practical solutions to them.

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Challenges and solutions of vocational training

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Indian education system, which is serving a diverse and vast population, faces persistent challenges at the fronts of access, equity, and quality. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential to address these challenges and revolutionize education at all levels, from primary to higher education level. Combining AI can create a future-ready education system for India@2047 that will be both personalized and efficient. This research paper examines the current landscape of AI in Indian education. It analyzes their impact on teaching and learning, and explores the specific applications and benefits at different educational stages. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges associated with the widespread adoption of these technologies, including the digital divide, teacher training, and data security. Finally, the paper proposes policy recommendations tailored to the Indian context, aiming to leverage the full potential of AI to create a more equitable, accessible, and high-quality education system for India@2047.

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India@2047, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Education Technology (EdTech), Access to Education, Equity in Education, Digital Divide.

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Agriculture in North India faces growing challenges due to climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, and market uncertainties. Crop diversification has emerged as a key strategy to enhance sustainability, improve farm productivity, and ensure food security. This study explores the role of diversified cropping systems in promoting ecological balance, increasing farmer incomes, and reducing dependency on monoculture farming. By integrating traditional wisdom with modern agricultural innovations, including climate-resilient crops, precision farming, and organic practices, farmers can achieve long-term sustainability. The Viksit Bharat 2.0 initiative aims to revolutionize Indian agriculture by encouraging sustainable farming techniques, leveraging technology, and strengthening policy frameworks. This paper analyzes government interventions, agronomic innovations, and market-driven solutions that facilitate crop diversification. Findings suggest that adopting multi-cropping systems, agroforestry, and integrated farming models can enhance soil fertility, optimize resource use, and mitigate climate risks. Strengthening institutional support, farmer education, and infrastructure development will be crucial in realizing a resilient and sustainable agricultural future for North India.

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Crop diversification Viksit Bharat 2.0, multi-cropping systems, climate-resilient crops

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In today's fast-paced technological era quality education is essential.Smart classes promote collaboration and communication among students, fostering a collaborative learning environment. Interactive activities, group discussions, and collaborative projects encourage students to work together, share ideas, and solve problems collectively. Digital tools, such as interactive white-boards and collaborative software, enable students' to collaborate in real-time, regardless of their physical location, promoting teamwork and peer learning. Smart classroom are helpful to increase student's creativity.It is a unusual gift of nature, a highly valued human quality that has been known for a long time to have its influence on scientific, technological and artistic spheres of human activity. The rapidly changing demands and challenges existing in the world today have almost necessarily been accompanied by creative expression and contributions from talented persons. Smart classrooms are transforming education by using innovative technology to improve teaching and learning. By this new method, fostering creativity among students. This increase student's view of thinking.

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creativity, smart classroom, conventional approach, fostering creativity, divergent thinking, convergent thinking.

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Heavy metal contamination is a critical global environmental and health issue. Traditional remediation methods often involve costly chemical treatments that can disrupt ecosystems. In contrast, phytoremediation--the use of plants to remediate contaminated environments--offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution. Helianthus annuus (common sunflower) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its ability to accumulate heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). This review explores the mechanisms behind its phytoremediation potential, highlights recent advancements in enhancing its efficiency, particularly through the application of nanoparticles, and discusses ongoing challenges and future research directions.

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Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Using Helianthus annuus, Mechanisms, Enhancements, and Future Directions: A theoretical overview

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Sustainable development, aiming to meet present needs without compromising future generations, necessitates a balance between economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection . Environmental stewardship, the responsible use and protection of the natural environment, is integral to this balance. The current reliance on fossil fuels for energy poses significant environmental threats, making a transition to sustainable energy systems crucial. This transition is driven by innovations in renewable energy generation, energy storage, and efficient energy use, which can address global challenges like climate change, resource depletion, and social inequality . The combined implementation of these innovations is vital for a resilient and sustainable energy future.

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Innovations In Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, And Efficient Energy Use.

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Calendula officinalis Linn, commonly referred to as pot marigold, is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. This review consolidates information sourced from various online bibliographic databases, including Google Scholar, Pub Med, Sci Finder, and Web of Science. Calendula officinalis holds a prominent place in Homoeopathic, Unani, and Ayurvedic medicine, where it is employed as a diaphoretic, analgesic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent. It has been traditionally used to address gynecological ailments, gastrointestinal disorders, oral and pharyngeal mucosal inflammations, eye conditions, skin injuries, burns, visual impairments, and menstrual irregularities. Numerous studies have identified Calendula officinalis as a rich source of bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, and carotenoids. Both in vivo and in vitro evaluations of its pharmacological properties indicate that the plant exhibits antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anticancer, and gastroprotective effects. This review aims to present a comprehensive summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis.

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Calendula officinalis, Ethno botanical Uses, pharmacological activity

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Plumeria alba, a small laticiferous tree or shrub native to tropical America, is commonly referred to as White Champa. It is primarily cultivated for its ornamental and fragrant flowers, which also hold significant medicinal value. The leaves, which are lanceolate to oblanceolate, and the white, aromatic flowers arranged in corymbose fascicles, contribute to its aesthetic appeal. Additionally, its fruit is edible. Phytochemical evaluations of the leaves and stems have revealed their use in traditional medicine for treating various ailments. The plant's latex, known for its potent and sometimes corrosive nature, is applied externally to treat ulcers, herpes, and scabies. Its seeds are recognized for their hemostatic properties, while the bark, when bruised, is used as a plaster for hard tumors. Furthermore, other parts of the plant have been employed as purgatives, cardiotonics, diuretics, and hypotensives. The medicinal significance of Plumeria alba has been well-documented in classical Ayurvedic texts such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. For centuries, plant-based remedies have been an integral part of traditional medicine systems in India, offering treatments for a wide array of health conditions. This reliance on herbal medicine continues to gain global recognition as a natural and effective alternative healthcare approach.

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"Ethnobotanical Insights and Bioactive Compounds of Plumeria alba Linn.: A Medicinal Treasure"

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Bioinformatics approach undertaken in this study explores the differential expression of genes (DEGs) within nasopharyngeal epithelial cells during active SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-recovery. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from 22 nasopharyngeal samples, categorized into COVID-19 positive individuals, individuals who had recovered, and unaffected controls, underwent comprehensive analysis. The results identified 1,845 DEGs among infected subjects and 138 DEGs among recovered subjects when compared to healthy controls. Pathway enrichment highlighted significant involvement in inflammatory responses, lipid metabolic processes, and protein synthesis during the infection phase. Furthermore, common DEGs observed in both infected and recovered participants indicated a prolonged inflammatory response even after symptomatic resolution. These findings contribute substantially to understanding the host response mechanisms and may guide future therapeutic interventions against COVID-19.

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SARS-CoV-2, Differential Gene Analysis, RNA-seq, Nasopharyngeal Tissue, Cytokine Response, Bioinformatics Pathway Analysis

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Essential for life, proteins serve many purposes inside different organisms. But environmental factors sometimes provide major obstacles that affect protein solubility and structure. In response to such environmental challenges as temperature fluctuations, dehydration, and excessive salt or urea concentrations, cells gather tiny molecules known as osmolytes to assist proteins. This review is mostly about how these osmolytes change the stability and solubility of proteins by interacting with specific parts of proteins, like the backbone and side chains of amino acids. We investigate the thermodynamic ideas guiding these interactions, with particular attention to the idea of free energy transfer. Grounded in biophysical chemistry, the review assesses the predictive potential of the transfer model by analyzing protein transitions between folded (native) and unfolded (denatured). This method allows for the prediction of m-values, which are experimental measurements that gauge the effects of osmolytes on protein stability. Proteins tend to fold when urea interacts positively with their backbones. On the other hand, stabilizing osmolytes often interact negatively with protein backbones, which also moves proteins towards a folded state. While improving solubility, moderate stabilizers such as glycerol and proline maintain equilibrium with the fewest alterations to protein stability. This review generalizes the mechanism overview between osmolytes and Proteins.

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osmolyte, folding, protein stability, m-value, solubility, urea

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Madhyamik star par adhyapanrat shikshako ki digital shikshan kshamta: avashayakta, chunautiyan aur sambhavna

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Madhyamik star par adhyapanrat shikshako ki digital shikshan kshamta: avashayakta, chunautiyan aur sambhavna

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The significant increase in fish production through aquaculture has been overshadowed by challenges related to bacterial infections, especially those caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Traditional antibiotics have shown decreasing effectiveness due to rising resistance, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies. This research investigates bacteriophage therapy as a potential solution to control P. fluorescens in freshwater aquaculture. Bacteriophages offer several advantages over antibiotics, including their species specificity, self-replicating nature, and minimal environmental impact. The study involved isolating, characterizing, and testing the efficacy of bacteriophages from environmental samples against P. fluorescens in Labeorohita culture. This short review confirms the effectiveness of bacteriophages under various physicochemical conditions, highlighting their potential to reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture. The findings underscore bacteriophages' role in ensuring sustainable aquaculture practices and mitigating the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance.

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Pseudomonas fluorescens, bacteriophage therapy, aquaculture, antibiotic resistance, environmental impact, Labeorohita, pathogen control.

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Medical science has undergone unprecedented advancements in recent years, significantly improving disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Innovations in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine have revolutionized healthcare, offering new possibilities for patient care. Gene-editing technologies like CRISPR have enabled precise genetic modifications, paving the way for the treatment of hereditary diseases. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have enhanced diagnostic accuracy, enabling early detection of conditions such as cancer and neurological disorders. Additionally, big data analytics have improved predictive healthcare, allowing for more effective disease management and outbreak prevention. Regenerative medicine, including stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, has shown promising results in treating degenerative diseases and organ failure. The advent of nanotechnology has led to improved drug delivery systems, minimizing side effects and increasing treatment efficiency. Robotics has enhanced surgical precision, reduced recovery times and improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, the rapid development of mRNA vaccines and targeted therapies has revolutionized responses to emerging infectious diseases, demonstrating the potential for accelerated vaccine development.

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Advancements in Medical Science

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Education plays a critical role in shaping the economic and social trajectory of a nation. In India, with its vast and diverse demographic landscape, the transformation of the education sector is essential to equip students with the skills required for the 21st century. This paper delves into the evolving educational ecosystem in India, highlighting key innovations, challenges, and opportunities that define its progress. The study examines recent policy reforms, such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasizes multidisciplinary learning, early childhood education, and a shift towards competency-based assessments. Additionally, it explores the integration of technology in education, including the adoption of digital learning platforms, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven personalized learning, and the role of EdTech startups in bridging learning gaps.Despite these advancements, several challenges hinder effective educational transformation. These include infrastructural deficiencies, digital divide issues, the need for teacher training, and the disparity in access to quality education between urban and rural regions. The paper discusses potential solutions, such as public-private partnerships, government initiatives, and community-driven educational programs, to address these barriers. Furthermore, the study identifies opportunities for India to leverage global best practices in education. By analyzing successful education models from countries like Finland, Singapore, and the United States, the paper evaluates their applicability to the Indian context. Emphasis is placed on vocational education, lifelong learning, and skill- based training to ensure a workforce that is prepared for emerging industries, including artificial intelligence, robotics, and the gig economy. Ultimately, this paper underscores the need for a holistic, inclusive, and innovation-driven approach to education reform in India. By fostering a synergy between policy, technology, and skill development, India can create a resilient and future-ready education system that empowers students and enhances national competitiveness on a global scale.

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policy reforms , innovations, challenges, and opportunities,

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The foundation of a country's progress is its educational system. Education will be a big catalyst for driving India's growth and development in the Amrit Kaal. Knowledge, wisdom, creativity, motivation and encouragement are prerequisites for a successful education system. As the fifth-largest economy poised to be the third-largest in the next two years, India is ready to make strategic technological, infrastructure, and education advancements. The nation's diverse and skilled workforce, nurtured by world- class educational institutions, will boost innovation and productivity. Efforts must be made to bridge the gap in existing knowledge regarding the contemporary importance of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary studies. India will commemorate its 100 years of independence in 2047. We need to envision an educational system that gives all Indians a sense of independence, fosters inclusive development, and equips them for the opportunities and challenges of the twenty-first century. To ascertain how each aspect of education plays a role in the creation of a vibrant and empowered India by 2047, a thorough analysis of Vocational Education and Skills, Integration of Technology, Digital Infrastructure, Tech-enabled Learning, Digital Literacy and Inclusion, Responsible Use of Technology, Teacher Training and Support etc. are key components. In addition to receiving formal or vocational education, we also need to acquire additional abilities in order to successfully achieve the objectives of Vikasit Bharat. Communication, Emotional Intelligence, Problem solving, Creativity, Collaboration, Active Learning and Learning attitude, Curiosity, Decision making, Interpersonal skills, Time management, Logical reasoning, digital Literacy, Leadership, Creativity, Analytics, Leading by influence, Cognition etc are the future skill requirement in students. The carrier development now a days is much more than the just passing a degree or taking practical experience but needs to adapt lot of essential qualities and dynamic changes in the world. The Viksit Bharat Vision 2047 will be achieved only when every stake holder will align themselves in line with this

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Role of education in shaping Viksit Bharat

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This paper explores the integration of Techno-Pedagogic Content Knowledge (TPACK) within the Integrated Teacher Education Program (ITEP), a key initiative under India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The paper emphasizes TPACK's vital role in shaping future-ready educators who can effectively merge 'content knowledge' (CK), 'pedagogical knowledge' (PK) & 'technological knowledge' (TK) to improve teaching practices in technology-driven environments. It highlights how the TPACK framework aligns with the objectives of ITEP by preparing teachers to foster inclusive, adaptive, and engaging learning experiences for diverse student populations. The paper delves into the challenges of TPACK implementation, such as infrastructural deficits and digital literacy gaps, while proposing strategies like curriculum integration, hands-on training, and institutional support to promote TPACK development in teacher education. By embedding TPACK into ITEP, the program aims to produce educators who are proficient in technology use, reflective in practice, and capable of preparing pupils for the requirement of the 21st-century digital landscape. The paper concludes by calling for continuous research, global collaboration, and policy support to ensure the successful incorporation of TPACK in Indian teacher education programs.

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Techno-Pedagogic Content Knowledge (TPACK), Integrated Teacher Education Program (ITEP), Educational Technology, Digital Literacy, 21st-Century Skills, Inclusive Education

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India is a developing country which is making progress day by day. There are so manypracticesin our society that do not exist anymore. One thing that still exists and is very common in India is Discrimination. There is no field left where there is no discrimination. Discrimination starts right from birth based on the caste you are born with till the social status you are dying with. For a time, one can change this discrimination by working on it, but there is a discrimination that is impossible to change and hard to survive with whole life is Disability. There is probably no society in which disabled people are not discriminated. Our society has so many prejudices, even for normal people,so what can we say about disabled people?Disabled people become the prime target of discriminatory practices and prejudiced attitudes of people. As a society, we are getting inspired and becoming open-minded as we are watching the achievements of such people despite them having so many difficulties in their life, but still there is a bunch of people who want to live in the bubble of prejudices and rigidness. Many people don't even know about disability, its causes, and the ways they can help such people. In this article, the author has tried to clear misunderstandings about the concept of disability. Additionally, this article describes the challenges disabled people face in their lives and how these people can be helped and supported to live a normal life.

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Disability, Handicapped, impairments, Causes, challenges, Diseases,

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The digital age has catalyzed profound transformations in higher education, particularly in the shift from teacher-centered to student-centered learning paradigms. Central to this evolution is the integration of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, learning management systems, and mobile platforms. This paper explores how the synergy between higher education and emerging technologies enables more personalized, participatory, and flexible learning experiences. It critically examines the pedagogical foundations of student-centered learning, the impact of various technological tools, and the challenges institutions face in achieving meaningful technology integration. Drawing on global case studies and current research, the paper concludes with strategic recommendations for fostering sustainable, equitable, and learner-driven educational ecosystems.

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Higher Education, Innovative Technologies, Student-Centered Learning, Personalized Learning, Digital Pedagogy

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Education is considered the cornerstone of progress and development, vital for both individual and societal growth.One of the first steps towards transforming India into Viksit Bharat is reforming and completely overhauling the Indian education system.Fostering critical thinkings should one of the foremost priorities while designing the new curriculum appropriate for Viksit Bharat. Critical thinking skills require higher order thinking skills wherein an individual is expected to observe, assess and make informed decisions. Development of critical thinking skills are vital for an individual's growth as well as national development.Curricular reforms are pivotal to ushering in an era of educational practices focussed on conceptual clarity which encourages learners to hone their analytical and problem-solving skills and apply the acquired knowledge in real life situations.NEP 2020 is a huge step in this direction, with many more steps to be taken. A paradigm shift from rote learning to active learning, promoting discussion, debate and collaborative problem solving, encouraging case studies, project based learning, experiential learning, brainstorming, anticipatory thinking activities, crosswords and puzzles, riddles, decision making based mental exercises, focussing on self-reflection and implementing new innovative assessment methods are some measures that ought to be incorporated as part of curricular reforms to make the education system more holistic and progressive. This integration of real world-based learning activities into the learner curriculum will definitely help foster critical thinking skills among the learners.

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Curricular reforms, Viksit Bharat 2047, critical thinking skills Curricular Reforms for Viksit Bharat 2047: Fostering Critical Thinking Skills

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping education through personalized learning, automation, and improved accessibility (Luckin et al., 2018). However, ethical concerns such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, accountability, and the digital divide require attention (Selwyn, 2019).This paper examines these ethical challenges while highlighting AI's potential in fostering equitable education. A balance between innovation and ethical responsibility is necessary for sustainable AI integration in educational settings.

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Artificial Intelligence, ethical concerns, personalized learning, sustainable AI integration

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Urbanization and rapid population growth have led to increased traffic congestion, pollution, and a decline in public health. As a result, cities worldwide are shifting towards sustainable development models, emphasizing walkability as a key aspect of urban planning. The concept of walkable cities has gained significant attention as urban areas seek sustainable solutions to environmental, social, and economic challenges. Pedestrian-friendly planning aims to reduce dependence on automobiles, enhance public health, promote economic vitality, and create more livable urban spaces. This research article explores the principles of walkable city planning, its impact on sustainability, and case studies highlighting successful implementations. The study also discusses policy recommendations and future directions to promote pedestrian-centric urban development.

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Walkability evaluations, health, sustainability, livability.

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As the fastest-growing economies in the world, the requirements of the Indian higher education system have to be reformed to meet the demands of a knowledge economy. This paper delineates the possible challenges and opportunities in higher education in India with regard to skill enhancement, digitalization, convergence between industry and academia and policy enablement. The paper indicates potential inputs such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, digital learning platforms and innovation driven by research for a clear indication of higher education's value in economic growth and global competitiveness. Discussions about several opportunities also include global best practices for replication by India in fast-tracking its transformation into a knowledge economy. The potential of becoming a global knowledge hub largely exists for India owing to its demographic dividend and growing digital infrastructure. Traditionally, those aspects to be looked upon include outdated curricula, limited exposure to industries and not-so-great research ecosystems (Agarwal, 2019). Higher education systems must be flexible enough to offer skill development, innovations and research. Hence, a responsive higher education system is essential in driving the economy with knowledge.

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Transforming Higher Education to Meet the Needs of a Knowledge- Driven Economy: The Indian Context

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The aim of this research paper is to explore the role of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the transformation of the education system in India. The research objectives to study the role of emerging technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and AI platforms in transforming the education system in India are as reasons and impact on students. Case study related to the role of emerging technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality and AI platforms in transforming the education system in India The researcher taught 10 students for 10 days in a higher secondary school in Jaipur. In this teaching, mathematics and science subjects were taught through AI, VR and AR. For this, the help of a private NGO was taken. After 10 days of study, 10 students were interviewed. On the basis of this, conclusions were drawn based on discussion and analysis. The study shows that these technologies are having a positive impact on the learning ability, study habits, academic achievement and academic stress of students. VR and AR are proving to be very useful in understanding difficult subjects, while AI is making it easier for students to access information. Along with this, the challenges of these technologies have also been analyzed in this research paper.

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Virtual Reality, AI, AR, Education System, Learning Outcomes

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Climate change is a major driver of food insecurity, demanding urgent action and effective measures to prevent millions from falling into hunger and poverty. Subsistence farming communities and vulnerable populations are particularly at risk from climate- related hazards. Changes in future weather patterns including fluctuations in precipitation, increased frequency of floods, droughts, heat waves, and windstorms are expected as the climate continues to shift. These unpredictable and extreme weather events, coupled with shifting growing seasons, are causing inconsistent crop yields, threatening both food security and livelihoods around the world. In this context, promoting climate-resilient agriculture is essential for ensuring sustainable food systems and providing stable income for rural communities. This approach involves adopting farming practices and technologies that can endure and adapt to changing environmental conditions. A key strategy under review is the development of 'smart crops' through the enhancement of plant physiological traits, enabling them to thrive in the face of climate variability.

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Food insecurity, climate-resilient agriculture, Crop yield, smart crops physiological traits.

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The integration of emerging technologies--Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR), and digital learning platforms--is transforming geography education by enhancing engagement, interactivity, and personalized learning. Emerging technologies are transforming the landscape of education, offering innovative ways to engage students and enhance learning experiences in geography. AI facilitates adaptive learning through intelligent tutoring systems, automated assessments, and data-driven insights into student performance. VR/AR technologies immerse students in interactive, 3D geographical environments, facilitating a deeper understanding of spatial relationships, terrain, and cultural contexts. VR/AR provides immersive, experiential learning by simulating real-world geographical environments, enabling students to explore complex spatial concepts interactively. Digital learning platforms offer collaborative tools, geospatial data visualization, and remote access to resources, makinggeography education more accessible and dynamic. These technologies allow students to experience places and phenomena that would otherwise be inaccessible, making learning more engaging and impactful. Digital learning platforms, on the other hand, facilitate seamless access to a variety of resources, fostering collaboration, self-paced learning, and global connectivity. Together, these technologies promote deeper comprehension of geographical phenomena, foster critical thinking, and prepare students for a technology-driven world. However, challenges such as accessibility, teacher training, and ethical considerations must be addressed to maximize their potential. This paper examines the opportunities and challenges of these technologies in geography education, highlighting their role in shaping future learning paradigms. It explores how the integration of AI, VR/AR, and digital platforms in geography education enhances cognitive skills, promotes experiential learning, and prepares students for the challenges of the 21st century.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), digital learning platforms, geography education, immersive learning.

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Fungal biodiversity plays a crucial role in the health and productivity of forage feed crops, influencing both disease outbreaks and plant resilience. While some fungal species cause significant yield losses and produce harmful mycotoxins, others contribute to plant growth, nutrient cycling, and disease suppression. Understanding the diversity of fungal communities associated with forage crops is essential for developing sustainable disease management strategies. Eco-friendly approaches to disease management, such as biocontrol agents, organic amendments, crop rotation, and the use of resistant cultivars, offer effective alternatives to chemical fungicides. Beneficial fungi, including mycorrhizal and endophytic species, enhance plant resistance to pathogens and improve soil health. Moreover, advancements in microbial inoculants and natural fungicides derived from plant extracts and antagonistic microbes show promising potential for controlling fungal diseases in forage systems. This research explores the complex interactions between fungal biodiversity and disease dynamics in forage crops, emphasizing sustainable management strategies. By integrating ecological principles and innovative biocontrol techniques, eco-friendly approaches can enhance forage productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. The findings contribute to the development of resilient agricultural systems that ensure livestock feed security and ecosystem sustainability.

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Fungal biodiversity, forage crops, eco-friendly management, biocontrol agents, sustainable agriculture

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India's rich intellectual heritage has profoundly influenced global developments in science, mathematics, and technology. This article explores the intersections between ancient Indian knowledge systems and artificial intelligence (AI), and shows how fundamental concepts of mathematics, linguistics, and logical reasoning influence modern computational models. By integrating Vedic mathematics, Panini grammar, and rule logic with AI-based innovations, India can strengthen its digital transformation. The study also examines the role of AI in education, industry, and governance in line with the vision of a developmental India 2.0. Moreover, AI ethical principles rooted in Dharma and sustainability ensure inclusive and responsible AI development. By leveraging its historical knowledge, India can establish itself as a global leader in AI, while pursuing technological advancements with cultural and ethical awareness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Ancient India, Artificial Intelligence, Viksit Bharat, Technology and Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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One of the most pressing public health challenges in India is still seen in poor diets that have resulted in malnutrition. Though India has experienced economic progress, it has a dual burden of malnutrition which consists of under nutrition, overnutritionandmicronutrient deficiencies. The key objective of this issue is to realize the ideal situation of Viksit Bharat (Developed India), a country where everyone has access to wholesome food, first-rate medical care, and an education. This paper covers the key approaches for solving malnutrition, which are based on recent research and policy analysis. Reducing child undernutrition can be strongly reduced by strengthening government interventions like POSHAN Abhiyan and the Mid Day Meal Scheme (PM - POSHAN). National food security can be improved through PDS reforms with inclusion of nutrient dense foods like millets and fortified cereals. Biofortified crops and AI driven nutrition tracking are highlighted as key contributors in addressing micronutrient deficiencies. In addition, promising results have been produced by the community based initiatives including nutrition gardens and maternal nutrition education to increase household dietary diversity. These include running gender-sensitive nutrition programs that empower women, promoting climate resilient crops such as millets and using real time malnutrition mapping that uses AI. For Viksit Bharat that means a multi sectoral approach with policy reforms and technological development to offset the local elements of adaption of better options. What this study illustrates is that there is a need for holistic and evidence based interventions for better health outcomes and future economic prosperity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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POSHAN Abhiyan, PDS reforms, AI in nutrition, Public health, Food security, Gender-sensitive policies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characteristics, and applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in various forms. Nanoparticles are diminutive materials with size dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometres. They can be categorised into many classes according to their qualities, forms, or sizes. The various categories comprise fullerenes, metallic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles. Nanoscale particles exhibit distinctive physical and chemical characteristics owing to their elevated surface area and diminutive size. The importance of nanoparticles (NPs) in technological progress stems from their versatile properties and superior performance compared to their parent materials. They are often produced by reducing metal ions to neutral nanoparticles with toxic reducing chemicals. In recent years, there has been significant utilisation of NPs in many industrial and environmental applications that are deemed critical. The study shows that nanoparticles have a big impact on many different industries and fields. This shows how important it is to keep researching and developing them to fully understand their potential and reduce any risks or worries that come with it.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nanoparticles ,Fullerness ,Optical ,Plasmonic ,Toxicity green synthesis, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, biological synthesis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Promotes creativity, critical thinking and entrepreneurship through curriculum reforms that enable them to generate or explore alternatives, ideas and possibilities,Because with its help, children can develop physically and mentally, such as thinking quickly and solving problems in a new way,It transforms imaginative and original ideas into reality, which helps to enhance critical thinking and entrepreneurship in students. It also develops a knowledge seeking attitude in students.Critical thinking is not only closely linked to entrepreneurship, but it is also a meta skill for mastering other entrepreneurial skills/abilities.To foster creativity by reforming the curriculum, encouraging innovation and imagination in education, allowing students independent exploration and self-directed learning, providing resources and guidance to teachersand should include teaching methods that foster creativity,successful entrepreneurs not only have to engage in entrepreneurial processes-They have the knowledge and skills to turn an idea into a business. They also need an entrepreneurial mindset that seeks out problems and solutions. Critical thinking is important for both of these elements.Throughout the entrepreneurial journey, from customer discovery to idea generation to business model innovation and beyond, critical thinking skills are essential to performing these complex tasks in a meaningful, useful way.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creativity,Critical Thinking, Entrepreneurship, Realism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Climate change has a significant impact on health's social and environmental determinants. It's frequently linked to our environment and man-made stressors, both of which have already had an impact on public health in a variety of ways. Climate change has a direct impact on our basic needs for clean air, clean water, sufficient food, and safe shelter. Global warming, rising sea levels, extreme weather, natural disasters, and other new health-related threatsare all becoming more prevalent in our daily lives. These effects appeared to be unrelated at first, but they are in fact intertwined. Global warminghas nowovertaken allof theother threats as the mostserious issuein almostevery country. Icebergs and glaciers may melt as a result of global warming, raising sea levels, and there are theories that more ancient viruses and animal corpses are being discovered. On a long-term scale, the problems and damage that come with environmental issues are harmful to huma Climate change has a significant impact on health's social and environmental determinants. It's frequently linked to our environment and man-made stressors, both of which have already had an impact on public health in a variety of ways.Climate change has a direct impact on our basic needs for clean air, clean water, sufficient food, and safe shelter. Global warming, rising sea levels, extreme weather, natural disasters, and other new health-related threatsare all becoming more prevalent in our daily lives. These effects appeared to be unrelated at first, but they are in fact intertwined. Global warminghas nowovertaken allof theother threats as the mostserious issuein almostevery country. Icebergs and glaciers may melt as a result of global warming, raising sea levels, and there are theories that more ancient viruses and animal corpses are being discovered.Climate change is causing glaciers to melt, which is a major contributor to sea level rise. Glaciers are also a vital water source for communities and ecosystems. Glaciers are shrinking or disappearing in many parts of the world. They are flowing into the ocean. Melting glaciers and ice sheets are the biggest cause of sea level rise in recent decades and threaten natural and human water supplies in many parts of the world. Support legislation that creates favorable market conditions for the carbon-free energy industry. Glaciers and the environment are severely affected by global warming. The forecast for the year 2022 -2025 is that the winter season will see only 10-15% of winters, which makes it clear that rapid melting of old ice sheets and glaciers is confirming that climate change will lead to many issues. This study used a scoping review methodology to explore the integrated impacts of climate change on glaciers from the academic literature. The findings showed that some glacial landscapes are experiencing a decline in beauty or attractiveness, while some landscapes are likely to experience continued decline or even disappearance.

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Shrinkage, Calving, Decade, Law, Integrated Effect

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India stands at a pivotal juncture in its economic and social development, powered by its youthful demographic and the accelerating adoption of digital technologies. As global industries transition to digital-first operations driven by Artificial Intelligence, automation, and data analytics, India's workforce must rapidly adapt to remain competitive. This paper explores how innovative approaches to skill development and vocational training can enhance employability in India's digital landscape. It provides a comprehensive analysis of governmental initiatives, educational reforms, and public- private collaborations that are driving the evolution of vocational education. Further, it addresses the persistent challenges such as the mismatch between curriculum and industry needs, disparities in access, and the social stigma around vocational careers. Through a synthesis of contemporary literature and policy developments, the paper proposes strategic frameworks to develop an inclusive, scalable, and future-proof skilling ecosystem that aligns with the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The findings emphasize that equipping India's workforce with digital competencies is critical not only for individual livelihood security but also for national economic competitiveness in a digitally integrated world.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital-first economy, Skill development, Vocational training, Industry 4.0, Future skills, India, Employability, Public-private partnership, Educational reform, E- learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rashtriya Siksha niti 2020 dwara shaikshikanvachar: naitiksiksha ke vishesh sandarbh mein

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Rashtriya Siksha niti 2020 dwara shaikshikanvachar: naitiksiksha ke vishesh sandarbh mein

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Promoting traditional and nutritious crops: Indian perspective in the 21st century

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Promoting traditional and nutritious crops: Indian perspective in the 21st century

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The escalating global challenges of waste accumulation and resource depletion necessitate innovative approaches to sustainable development. Integrating modern biological techniques into the circular economy model offers a promising pathway to mitigate waste and enhance resource recovery. This research explores the potential of biotechnological advancements--such as enzymatic degradation, microbial recycling, and bio-based material production--to transform waste streams into valuable resources. By examining case studies and current innovations, the study aims to elucidate how modern biology can be harnessed to close material loops, reduce environmental impact, and promote economic growth. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and policy support in realizing the full benefits of a bio-integrated circular economy.

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Circular Economy, Modern Biology, Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, Biotechnology, Enzymatic Degradation, Microbial Recycling, Bio-based Materials, Sustainability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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One of the biggest worldwide concerns at the moment is environmental degradation. Governments around the world have recently turned their attention to growing the electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem in developing nations in an effort to lessen environmental damage. The main goal of this article is to analyse the EV ecosystem in India. According to the study, even if EV sales are rising by triple digits, a strong support system has not yet been established. Interestingly, India has a woefully low ratio of EV sales to public charging outlets. India needs to make investments in cutting-edge technology like fast charging infrastructure and lithium cell manufacturing if it wants to become a leader in the EV sector. Research and development (R&D) must also be given top priority if self- reliance Aatmanirbhar is to be achieved in the EV ecosystem.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Degradation, ecosystem, lithium cell, public charging outlets

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Amla tree (Emblica officinalis), a deciduous species bearing fleshy, lemon-sized fruits, is renowned for being one of the richest natural sources of ascorbic acid. It has been widely utilized in Unani and Ayurvedic medicine for its therapeutic properties since ancient times. Amla is packed with essential nutrients, including iron, calcium, phosphorus, and tannins, and exhibits haematinic, anabolic, antibacterial, anti- inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities. Scientific studies have highlighted its radio modulatory, chemoprotective, free radical scavenging, anti- neoplastic, and immunomodulatory effects. Traditionally, ?mla has been employed in treating anaemia, palpitations, and anxiety. Additionally, its sharbat is believed to provide relief in conditions like jaundice, haemorrhoids, flatulence, and dyspepsia. This review aims to explore the botanical, physical, chemical, and medicinal attributes of Amla (Emblica officinalis). It emphasizes the need for rigorous scientific validation of its therapeutic claims to establish its efficacy as a cost-effective remedy with minimal side effects.

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Amla, Therapeutic Potential, Haemorrhoids

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education presents new opportunities for fostering critical thinking among students. This study explores faculty perspectives on the adoption and implementation of AI-based learning tools in Indian universities. Using a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty members across disciplines to understand their experiences, challenges, and best practices related to AI-enhanced pedagogy. The findings highlight both enthusiasm and apprehension regarding AI's role in higher education. While faculty recognize AI's potential to provide real-time feedback, personalize learning, and encourage analytical reasoning, concerns persist regarding faculty readiness, student dependency, ethical considerations, and institutional barriers. The study underscores the need for structured faculty training, policy interventions, and balanced AI-human pedagogical approaches to optimize AI's impact on critical thinking. The research contributes to ongoing discussions on AI's role in education and provides practical insights for policymakers and educators.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Artificial Intelligence, Critical Thinking, Faculty Perspectives, Higher Education, Pedagogical Innovation, AI-Based Learning, Indian Universities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the 21st century, education focused on equips students with essential skills such as creativity, critical thinking, and entrepreneurship. Traditional curriculum, often rigid and exam-focused, emphasizes rote learning and theoretical knowledge, limiting students' ability to apply their skills in real-life situations. This paper explores the need for curriculum reform to foster critical thinking, creativity, and entrepreneurial skills. It examines the limitations of the current education system and highlights the benefits of integrating experiential learning, problem-solving approaches, and technology into the curriculum. Through a case study research design, data is gathered from interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis to assess the effectiveness of these reforms. Findings suggest that a restructured curriculum, incorporating inquiry-based learning, project-based activities, and entrepreneurial education, enhances students' cognitive abilities, problem-solving skills, and adaptability. The paper concludes that comprehensive curriculum reform is essential for preparing students for the dynamic challenges of the modern world, ensuring they develop the competencies needed for academic, professional, and personal success.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Curriculum, Critical Thinking, Creativity, Entrepreneurship, Curriculum Reform

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper is focused on the research analyzing social issuesvoiced in the short stories in Englishwritten byIndian womenwriters. The writers analyze several concepts which include gender discrimination, caste oppression, patriarchy, social inequality, economic hardships, and conflict between modernity and tradition. This article is an attempt to review the existing research in the area of English literature andto establish the efforts of Indian English women writers inside their social literary environment.It will give a general overview of how the writings of women evolved in India--from colonial advocacy for social reform to post-independence literature based on autonomy, identity, and systemic oppression. It has a view into the convergence of tradition and modernity, the convergence of regional voices and linguistic diversity, and silently infers the expression of casteism. Stories by such great authors as IsmatChughtai, Mahasweta Devi, Kamala Das, and many more hint at personal problems and social evils that usually employed realism, symbolism, and introspection to fortify the message. These stories reflect feminine solidarity and a collective resistance to patriarchy and systemic injustice. Through comparison with global women's literature, the paper highlights the universality of issues, including identity and autonomy that reflects distinct cultural nuances of Indian women writers.It sees such stories as part of the enduring contribution to world literature as well as the tools of social critique and change.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social Consciousness, Gender discrimination, Caste oppression,Patriarchy, Economic Struggles, Feminine solidarity, Linguistic diversity, Modernity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India's education sector is undergoing a massive transformation, as reflected in recent developments such as the refined National Education Policy (NEP), enhanced global industry collaboration with educational institutions, and the integration of new-age technologies. This marks a pivotal moment where our shared educational histories are converging towards a future where learning becomes even more powerful, personalized, and freely accessible than ever before. As we navigate a rapidly changing world, it is crucial to reconceptualize education as a dynamic ecosystem -- one that evolves according to the needs and aspirations of learners -- rather than viewing it as a static institution. The journey towards Education 5.0 envisions the seamless integration of advanced technologies with human-centric learning approaches to revolutionize the current educational system. This shift aims to better prepare students to meet future demands and align them with global opportunities. Drawing from market trends and contemporary research, this paper provides an in- depth exploration of the principles and practices that define Education 5.0. It highlights the vital roles of agility, adaptability, and inclusivity in shaping learners who are ready to thrive in an increasingly interconnected global economy.

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National Education Policy, New Age Technologies, Ecosystem, Human- centric Learning, Agility, Adaptability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present investigation was conducted to assess the knowledge attitude and practices related to parenting skills among mothers of infants. The sample consisted 150 mothers of (birth -2 years old children irrespective of working and non- working occupational status who belonged to suburban area of Chandigarh. The objectives of the study were. (a) To assess the knowledge on parenting skills of mothers of infants. (b) To assess the attitude related to parenting skills of mothers of infants. (c) To assess the practices related to parenting skills followed by mothers of infants. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Questionnaire was developed to do Pre- test and Post-test to assess the impact of intervention programme. Mother didn't show good knowledge of parenting. Attitude of mothers towards child was controlling behavior rather training of good habbits. Mother s (75%) agreed that punishment such as slap, shout and scold are important to control child behavior. An understanding of key aspects related to parenting skills during infancy, with specific focus on essential areas such as basic needs, developmental milestones, attachment, trust, and communication. The comparative analysis between pre-test and post-test scores provides an insight into how much the participants' knowledge improved after the intervention, with statistical significance used to determine meaningful changes in learning outcomes.The findings of this study indicate that while there were slight increases in the mean scores for various dimensions of infant care practices, these changes were not statistically significant, suggesting minimal practical improvements. The mean score for basic infant care practices showed only a slight increase from 3.04 to 3.12, with a t-ratio of 0.789, implying that the overall enhancement in caregiving practices was negligible. Similarly, the post-test mean score for the characteristics of infants category increased marginally from 4.06 to 4.16, with a t-ratio of 0.928, which did not reach statistical significance.Hence, It is recommended that responsibility of the mothers of infants should be shared by providing good guidance on child care.

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Mothers, Infants, KAP, Intervention programme Psycho-social well being

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education is considered as backbone of the development, enabling individuals to achieve all round growth and development. Education is a vital dimension that confers status and dignity in society. Education includes each and every experience that influences the individual and modifies behaviour. As swami Vivekananda aptly put it, Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man.

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The role of emerging technologies in education: Possibilities and Challenges

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Traditional crops, also referred to as indigenous or underutilized crops, have been central to Indian agriculture for centuries, providing essential nutrition, sustaining livelihoods, and enhancing ecological resilience. This paper explores the significance of traditional crops--such as millets, pulses, root and leafy vegetables, and fruits--in ensuring food security, promoting nutritional well-being, and supporting sustainable agriculture in India. These crops are rich sources of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals vital for human health. Millets like ragi and pearl millet, pulses such as tur and moong dal, root vegetables like sweet potatoes, and a diverse array of fruits including mango, jackfruit, and guava contribute significantly to dietary diversity and resilience against climate change. Traditional agricultural practices like mixed cropping, crop rotation, and agroforestry have further strengthened the adaptability and productivity of these crops, especially in regions with harsh growing conditions. As India faces emerging challenges of climate change, soil degradation, and nutritional deficiencies, promoting the cultivation and consumption of traditional crops offers a sustainable pathway toward achieving food security and improving public health. This paper underscores the need to revitalize traditional agricultural practices and integrate indigenous crops into modern farming systems to ensure environmental sustainability, economic viability, and enhanced nutritional outcomes.

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TRADITIONAL CROPS: THE FUTURE SMART CROPS

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Curriculum reforms are essential in modern education to equip students with skills necessary for innovation, adaptability, and problem-solving. This paper explores how curriculum changes can foster creativity, critical thinking, and entrepreneurial skills, highlighting successful global models and best practices. By examining challenges such as institutional resistance, teacher training needs, and resource limitations, the study provides recommendations for policymakers and educators. Emphasizing the role of technology, interdisciplinary learning, and experiential education, the paper argues that comprehensive curriculum reforms are key to preparing students for the evolving job market and societal demands.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Curriculum reforms, creativity, critical thinking, entrepreneurial skills, education policy, interdisciplinary learning, digital learning, experiential education, innovation, 21st-century skills

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Data Science in governance has revolutionized public administration by improving efficiency, transparency, and decision-making. Smart governance leverages AI-driven automation, predictive analytics, and data-driven policymaking to enhance public service delivery, combat corruption, and optimize resource allocation. This paper explores the role of AI, ML, and Data Science in creating intelligent governance solutions, examining their impact on public administration, citizen engagement, and policy formulation. It also discusses challenges such as ethical concerns, data privacy, and AI bias while proposing policy recommendations to foster responsible AI-driven governance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Smart Governance, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Data Science, Digital Transformation, Predictive Analytics, Public Administration, Policy Decision-Making, AI Ethics, Data Privacy, AI Bias, Digital Public Services, Fraud Detection, Cybersecurity, Smart Cities, E-Governance, AI in Law Enforcement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India's digital transformation has accelerated through initiatives such as Digital India, Aadhaar, and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), enhancing connectivity, governance, and financial inclusion. However, this rapid digitalization has also exposed the country to significant cybersecurity threats, privacy concerns, and ethical dilemmas. Cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure, financial institutions, and government networks have surged, highlighting vulnerabilities in India's cybersecurity framework. Additionally, data privacy remains a major concern, especially with increased surveillance and data collection by both government and private entities. The introduction of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023 aims to regulate data governance, but its implementation and exemptions for government agencies raise concerns about privacy rights. Ethical challenges, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI), misinformation, and algorithmic bias, further complicate India's digital landscape. The spread of fake news and deepfakes through social media has influenced public opinion and election processes, necessitating stronger regulatory measures. This paper examines these cybersecurity, privacy, and ethical challenges, analyzing their implications for individuals and national security. By evaluating case studies and recent policy developments, the paper proposes recommendations to strengthen cybersecurity infrastructure, enforce data protection laws, and promote ethical AI practices to ensure a secure and responsible digital ecosystem in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cybersecurity, Data Privacy, Digital India, AI Ethics, Misinformation, Cyber Threats.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Development of an optimized spatial analysis model for crowd density estimation focuses on important limitations of scalability, accuracy, and real-time usability. By employing CNNs and furthering optimization through lightweight architectures, attention mechanisms, and knowledge distillation, the model engages in a trade-off of accuracy for a reduced computation budget. The integrative utilization of real-world and synthetic datasets adds panache and generalizability to the model across different scenarios .Using optimization techniques such as model pruning and quantization make the model deployable in edge devices and attends to real-time surveillance applications strategized for smart cities and public safety. Besides, the use of MAE and RMSE inhibitors in the testing phase provides a general sense of the model performance and certainly shows its competitiveness with other state-of-the-art methods and we have to build a new model for crowd density estimation in real time. This research gives a baseline to future innovations in crowd density estimation and gives preference to their balance in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. It validates just a few real-world applications, such as urban planning and public safety, while looking out for ethical considerations about privacy in crowd monitoring systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Optimized Spatial Model for Crowd Density Estimation in Real Time

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The food industry is one of the largest energy consumers, with significant environmental and economic consequences. As the global shift toward sustainability gains momentum, solar energy presents a viable solution to meet the sector's energy demands. This article examines the potential of solar power in the food industry, focusing on its applications in production, processing, and storage. The advantages of solar energy, including cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and enhanced energy security, are explored. Ultimately, this paper emphasizes the critical role of solar energy in fostering a more sustainable and resilient food industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Solar energy, Food industry, Renewable energy, Sustainability, Solar power applications, Cost efficiency, Environmental impact, Food production, Energy security, Challenges of solar energy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Access to quality education remains uneven across rural and urban areas, leading to significant disparities in learning outcomes and future opportunities for students. Inclusive and equitable education is essential for fostering social mobility, economic development, and sustainable communities. However, rural students often face challenges such as inadequate school infrastructure, limited access to qualified teachers, a lack of technological resources, and socio-economic barriers that hinder their educational progress. In contrast, urban schools generally benefit from better funding, advanced learning tools, and a wider pool of trained educators. This paper explores comprehensive strategies to bridge the rural-urban divide in education by leveraging policy reforms, technology-driven solutions, community participation, and teacher capacity-building programs. Digital learning platforms, mobile classrooms, and distance education can expand access to quality teaching in remote areas. Additionally, government and private sector collaborations play a crucial role in funding infrastructure development, improving teacher incentives, and promoting innovative learning models. Special attention is given to curriculum localization, ensuring that educational content is relevant to the unique cultural and economic contexts of rural communities. Moreover, this study underscores the importance of inclusive policies that address gender disparities, children with disabilities, and marginalized communities to ensure that no child is left behind. By implementing targeted interventions, policymakers and educators can work towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which advocates for inclusive and equitable quality education for all. The findings of this paper emphasize that bridging the rural-urban educational divide requires a multi-stakeholder approach, long-term commitment, and adaptive strategies to create a more just and effective education system.

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Inclusive education, equitable access, rural-urban divide, educational policy, digital learning, teacher training, SDG 4.

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 Abstract

Madhyamik star par adhyayanrat vidhyarathiyon ki srujanatamka chintan kshamta ka adhyayan

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Madhyamik star par adhyayanrat vidhyarathiyon ki srujanatamka chintan kshamta ka adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It is anticipated that ongoing climate change will have an impact on individual organisms at every stage of life, which will have an impact on species populations, communities, and ecosystem function.Because of rising temperatures, ocean acidification, hypoxia, and habitat changes brought on by climate change, fish physiology and behaviour are being profoundly impacted in aquatic ecosystems.Potential changes in biodiversity and the sustainability of fisheries result from these alterations, which also impair metabolic processes, reproductive success, and ecological interactions. Although some species may be able to adapt through behavioural and physiological flexibility, many are in danger because of the quick changes in their surroundings. The effects of these environmental stresses on fish immunological responses, growth, reproduction, and metabolic rates are examined in this review. High temperatures speed up metabolic processes, raising energy needs while perhaps decreasing growth and reproductive success. Ocean acidification impairs feeding and predator avoidance by interfering with sensory processes.Respiratory stress brought on by low oxygen levels modifies habitat choices and movement behaviours. Furthermore, changes in migration and spawning cycles brought on by climate change have an effect on species ranges and population dynamics. Comprehending these physiological and behavioural reactions is essential for forecasting future shifts in biodiversity and putting conservation plans into action. This review highlights knowledge gaps and potential research goals by synthesizing recent studies on fish adaptations and vulnerabilities brought on by climate change.It is essential to comprehend these effects in order to create conservation plans and sustainable management techniques. To protect aquatic ecosystems in a changing climate, future studies should concentrate on species-specific reactions, long-term adaption strategies, and mitigation techniques.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Climate change, Aquatic ecosystem, Fish physiology, behaviour, temperature, Ocean acidification, hypoxia, Environmental stress

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present paper attempts to analyse the effective role of modern emerging technologies in education and digital teaching learning process. The advent of globalisation has brought about huge changes in the traditional teaching and learning process. A new era of tech-savvy generation has come into existence due to globalisation. The world has become very unique due to new learning platforms. Internet, Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Blog chain, 3D printing, Gamification, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Information Communication Technology, Virtual Classroom System, various online learning platforms have ushered in a new era which is considered a boon for the new educational system. Emerging technology of education and digital learning has ushered in a new era for academicians, students and research scholars in the new educational system. The present study reviews various platforms which are available from authentic web and apps. Any field of knowledge is considered to be the best way to establish the emerging technology learning process in education and digital teaching platform with the touch of emerging technology. The aim of the present paper is to explore the interplay between the application of digital mode of teaching and learning. It is all-inclusive.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education, Emerging Technology, Digital Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes, causing significant economic losses in global agriculture. These obligatory parasites attack a wide range of crops, leading to the formation of characteristic galls or root-knots that disrupt nutrient and water uptake. This article reviews the biology of root- knot nematodes, their interaction with host plants, and eco-friendly management strategies that align with sustainable agriculture practices. Emphasis is placed on biological control, resistant crop varieties, and integrated nematode management approaches.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Meloidogyne, destructive, disrupt, sustainable agriculture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Because industrial effluents include large concentrations of heavy metals, it is possible that bacteria living in these environments have become resistant to these metals. The goal of the current experiment was to isolate and identify heavy metal-resistant bacteria, specifically Cu-resistant bacteria, from industrial effluent-contaminated sites in Uttar Pradesh. Bacillus cereus isolates have been isolated and described. Significant tolerance to elevated Cu dosages is shown by each isolate. The growth kinetic analysis showed that the isolates' growth rate was not significantly impacted by the presence of heavy metals.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Heavy metals, Copper resistant, Bacillus cereus, Industrial effluent.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Urban planning and sustainable architecture play a crucial role in achieving eco-friendly cities by integrating environmental, social, and economic considerations into city design. Urban planning focuses on creating a structured, efficient, and adaptable layout for cities, addressing issues such as population density, transport systems, and land use, while promoting sustainable practices. Sustainable architecture, on the other hand, involves designing buildings that minimize environmental impact through energy-efficient systems, renewable resources, and eco-friendly materials. Together, urban planning and sustainable architecture contribute to eco-friendly cities by: Reducing carbon emissions through smart transportation networks, green building standards, and renewable energy sources.Enhancing green spaces and promoting biodiversity by incorporating parks, urban forests, and green roofs into city layouts. Promoting resource efficiency by encouraging recycling, water conservation, and the use of sustainable construction materials.Improving the quality of life for residents by fostering cleaner air, better public spaces, and more livable environments. These efforts help create cities that not only reduce their ecological footprint but also ensure a healthier, more resilient environment for future generations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Urban Planning, Sustainable Architecture, Eco-Friendly Cities, Environmental Sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the 21st century, fostering creativity and critical thinking has become a crucial objective in education. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital tools offers innovative ways to enhance these cognitive skills, transforming traditional learning environments. This paper explores the evolving role of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital tools in fostering creativity and critical thinking skills within educational settings. This study examines how AI tools, such as intelligent tutoring systems, content generation platforms, and data analytics, can facilitate personalized learning experiences that encourage divergent thinking and problem-solving. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of digital tools, including interactive simulations, collaborative platforms, and multimedia resources, on promoting critical analysis and evaluation.Ultimately, this research paper contributes to understanding how educators can leverage these technologies to cultivate a generation of learners equipped with the essential skills for navigating a rapidly changing world.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI in education, digital tools, creativity, critical thinking.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

creativity, critical thinking, 21 st century learning, curriculum

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Alstoniascholaris, a medicinal plant native to India and South Asia, has been widely recognized for its therapeutic applications. It exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antifertility, anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. The plant is also a rich source of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, and phenols, which contribute to its medicinal potential. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on the phytochemistry, ethnobotanical significance, and pharmacological applications of A. scholaris, offering insights into its potential for further pharmacological research and therapeutic advancements.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Alstoniascholaris, Phytochemicals, Medicinal properties.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

One crucial and essential component of society that controls how society functions is education and science as well . It strikes a deep chord with each society's desires and aspirations. Because of this, education cannot be immune to societal changes that occurs all around us. Therefore, each technological development has an effect on the way that education is conducted in the modern world, either directly or indirectly.Educational Technology (ET) is the effective organization of any learning system adopting or adapting itself to techniques, procedures, and products to serve identified educational goals. This entails careful identification of the aims of education, understanding of the diversity of learners' requirements, the settings in which learning will take place, and the breadth of supplies needed for each of them.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Innovation In Education , Science, Industry and Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Viksit Bharat ki or agrasar prathamik siksha pranali me mid day meal yojana ki bhumika: apvyay evam avrodhan ke sandarbh mein

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Viksit Bharat ki or agrasar prathamik siksha pranali me mid day meal yojana ki bhumika: apvyay evam avrodhan ke sandarbh mein

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Community-led initiatives have emerged as powerful drivers of change in the realm of local environmental protection. This qualitative study, conducted in Acmac, Iligan City in 2020, delves into the motivations, strategies, challenges, and outcomes of community-led initiatives, shedding light on their transformative potential. Through interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, the study explores the themes of community empowerment, collaborative decision-making, environmental justice, sustainable practices, and policy advocacy. The findings reveal the significance of bottom-up approaches, emphasizing the role of community engagement in achieving environmental sustainability. The study contributes to the literature by filling gaps in understanding and providing insights into the dynamics and effectiveness of community-led initiatives. The implications of the findings extend beyond the local context, highlighting the need for inclusive environmental practices and policy frameworks. By fostering community empowerment and collaborative action, this research sets the stage for future research and the promotion of community-led initiatives worldwide.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

change at the grassroots; community-led initiatives; local environmental protection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition