Volume 13 | Issue 1

 Abstract

The government of India Act 1935 becomes a big constitutional reform enacted by the British Parliament with 451 clauses and 15 schedules. The Act granted provincial autonomy, increased the citizens to 10%, and created a Federal court. It brought elected legislatures and Indian ministers but retained key powers for the British Crown and Governor-popular, inclusive of manage over defence, foreign affairs, and veto authority. these boundaries fuelled the demand for full independence. The authorities of India Act of 1935 established an All-India Federation, provincial autonomy, and bicameral legislatures, which extended local power. despite those modifications, the vital authorities remained under British control, and the Act turned into enforced in April 1937. The Indian Independence Act 1947 turned into an act of the United Kingdom Parliament that divided British India into two new unbiased dominions, India and Pakistan. The Act changed into handed within the British Parliament on July 5, 1947, and obtained Royal Assent on July 18, 1947. Modern-day-day India and Pakistan, such as the West (present day-day Pakistan) and East (modern-day-day Bangladesh) areas, had been hooked up on August 15, 1947.

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India Act 1935, Indian Independence Act 1947, Communal Award, Mountbatten Plan, Decolonization.

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This literature review explores the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in drone technology, highlighting significant advancements and emerging trends across various sectors. Analyzing a broad spectrum of studies, this review categorizes AI applications into key areas: autonomous navigation, real-time data processing, and machine learning-driven analytics. In military operations, AI enhances surveillance capabilities and target recognition, while in agriculture, drones equipped with AI optimize crop monitoring and pest management. Environmental monitoring applications demonstrate AI's role in habitat conservation and disaster response. The review also addresses challenges such as data privacy, regulatory compliance, and the ethical implications of autonomous decision- making. By synthesizing current research, this study aims to inform future developments and applications of AI in drone technology, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches to overcome existing barriers and maximize potential benefits.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Drone Technology, Autonomous Navigation, Machine Learning, Environmental Monitoring.

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Hydrogels are versatile, three-dimensional polymeric networks capable of absorbing significant amounts of water while maintaining structural integrity. First introduced by Wichterle and Lim in 1960, these materials possess biocompatibility, flexibility, and responsiveness to environmental stimuli such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength. Hydrogels are classified based on their origin (natural, synthetic, or hybrid), polymer composition, biodegradability, cross-linking type, and other characteristics. They are synthesized through chemical or physical cross-linking, offering a range of properties such as high swelling capacity, mechanical strength, and adaptability to biomedical applications. Applications of hydrogels span drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. They serve as carriers for controlled drug release via oral, transdermal, ocular, and injectable routes. In tissue engineering, hydrogels mimic extracellular matrices, promote cell proliferation, and enable sustained release of growth factors. Additionally, hydrogels are employed in cancer treatment, contraceptive formulations, wound dressings, and ocular therapies. Innovations like stimuli-responsive hydrogels and nanotechnology integration have expanded their use in personalized medicine and soft robotics. Future prospects include hydrogen-based hydrogels for antioxidative therapies and advanced drug delivery mechanisms.

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Hydrogel, biocompatibility, drug delivery, stimuli-responsive, tissue engineering.

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BACKGROUND: Pes planus is a lowering of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, often known as flat foot because the navicular bone moving inwards and downwards from the subtalar joint .In genu varum (bow leg), the Tibiofemoral angle is increased where as in genu valgum (knock knee) this angle is decreased. AIM: To study the effectiveness of foot strengthening exercises with kinesiotaping on tibiofemoral angle amongst college going students with flexible flat foot. METHODOLOGY: Participants were briefed about the nature of the study and intervention. Their informed written consent was taken. 59 participants were selected based on the selection criteria. Prior and after the treatment the outcome measures that is NDT And TFA measurement were taken. The intervention protocol was given for 5 days in a week for total four weeks. Statical analysis was done and results were tabulated. RESULT: Statistical analysis for group was done using by Wilcoxon test. kinesio taping along with strengthening exercises is having significant effects on NDT and TFA in flexible flat foot. The final analysis proves that it is clinically significant (p value is <0.05). It justifies the improvement in health outcome post intervention. CONCLUSION : The study concluded that the kinesio taping along with strengthening exercises are effective in flat foot with genu valgum subjects. So, it can be implemented clinically as well. Clinical Implication : Given the significant improvements in navicular drop and tibiofemoral angle measurements, clinicians can expect that implementing these interventions may lead to better alignment and function of the lower limbs, potentiall reducing the risk of knee and lower limb issues associated with pes planus,it may be beneficial for clinicians to incorporate this technique into rehabilitation programs.

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ktaping, tibiofemoral angle , flexible flat foot, streghthening

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A lot of scholarly attention has been paid to the interplay between politics and bureaucracy. However, the political-administrative interaction in developing nations has received little attention in study, which has tended to concentrate only on wealthy institutionalized democracies. The relevance of interactions between politicians and bureaucrats is becoming more and more evident in the evidence on reform processes in developing countries. This study offers a methodical summary of the political-bureaucratic connection in developing nations, drawing from this work. Two contributions are made in this study. It begins by outlining four forms of political-bureaucratic relations--integrated, invasive, collusive, and collaborative--and providing examples of each. Second, it examines how nations might transition between several models of political-administrative relations and analyzes the key elements linked to each model. Therefore, the article offers a much-needed starting point for academics and development policymakers to get a deeper understanding of the dynamic between bureaucrats and politicians in developing nations.

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Politics,bureaucracy,interaction,institutionalized democracies,developing countries

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In recent times we see every other individual working hard to make a living. Some are entrepreneurs, others working in the public sector and some in the private sector. But what matters is not just the earning and living one is making through these jobs but also the satisfaction they receive from the jobs. Job satisfaction plays a very important role for a better life and well-being of an individual.This paper aims to find out the difference in job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing between male and female in the private sector of Jabalpur city. Two standardized questionnaires, i.e, Job Satisfaction Scale by Paul Spector and Psychological well-being Scale (short version)by Carol Ryff were taken to carry out the research.The sample included 170 Male and Female on the basis of random selection, their income range was from 15,000 to 35,000/- per month. Result reveals that although there's a difference between job satisfaction of both male and females, it affects the psychological well being of both genders equally which can be due to several underlying factors which is a matter of probe for further investigations.

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Job satisfaction, Psychological well-being

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Forensic odontology plays a vital role in criminal investigations, disaster victim identification, and human rights abuse cases. Recent advances in forensic odontology have enhanced its capabilities in identification, analysis, and investigation. This review highlights the newer advances in forensic odontology, including DNA analysis, digital radiography, facial reconstruction, saliva analysis, and dental record management. The role of forensic odontology in crime scene investigation, mass disasters, and human identification is also discussed. The review emphasizes the importance of standardized procedures, accurate dental record-keeping, and collaboration between forensic odontologists and law enforcement agencies. The integration of newer technologies and techniques has improved the accuracy and efficiency of forensic odontology, making it a crucial tool in modern forensic science. Furthermore, the review explores the application of emerging technologies, such as 3D printing and artificial intelligence, in forensic odontology. The importance of maintaining accurate and comprehensive dental records, adhering to standardized procedures, and staying updated on the latest techniques and technologies is also stressed. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the newer advances in forensic odontology and their implications for the field.

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Forensic Odontology , Dental Identification , DNA Analysis , Digital Radiography , Facial Reconstruction , Artificial Intelligence.

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Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. The optic nerve sends visual information from eye to brain and is vital for good vision.As this nerve gradually deteriorates, blind spots develop in vision and the nerve damage is usually related to increased pressure in the eye. Elevated eye pressure happens as the result of a buildup of fluid that flows throughout the inside of the eye. This fluid is also known as the aqueous humor. It usually drains through a tissue located at the angle where the iris and cornea meet. This tissue also is called the trabecular meshwork. The cornea is important to vision because it lets light into the eye. When the eye makes too much fluid or the drainage system doesn't work properly, eye pressure may increase. Self-Attention Generative Adversarial Networks (SAGAN) is used in Glaucoma Detection that involves the capabilities of self-attention mechanisms to enhance feature extraction in medical imaging.

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Keywords-- SAGAN, Glaucoma.

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customer gets quiries get clarified by the chatbot by machine learning

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machine learning , chatbot

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By the seventeenth century usage, the region Coromandel embraced the coastlines of the modern states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and the southern tip of Orissa. During the 17th century at Coromandel the activities of the Europeans helped Indian merchants in expanding the trading relations of India with the West and other parts of the world. But, it was the community of the merchants which played a very significant role in monitoring the nature of commodities and other essential goods in the markets. With the growth of European port-settlements, we find a fundamental shift in the relations between merchants and political power and between merchants of the coast and their hinterland. Earlier the merchants operated freely in both segments. This was hampered due to several political, administrative and economic factors. The merchants became intermediaries for the companies with local powers.

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Coromandel, Merchant Communities, Ports, Martime trade, textile trade, south-east Asian nations,

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Abstract The thing about performance, even if it's only an illusion, is that it is a celebration of the fact that we do contain within ourselves infinite possibilities. ~ Sydney Smith The teacher education program aims at developing wisdom, knowledge, skills and attributes of pre-service teachers for preparing them to teach effectively in the school systems. Therefore, the academic program of the teacher education should be engaged with integral component of school based experiences i.e. practice teaching which provides student-teachers with supervised experiences and help the student- teachers to understand the full scope of role of teacher.. These experiences are very powerful in shaping pre-service teachers in their future teaching. After receiving the experiences in practice teaching, before entering into the real world of teaching. The student-teachers have to pass through the exit performance called as their annual lessons. In this exit performance their learnt experiences reflects and are supervised and examined too. As kaleidoscope operates on the principle of multiple reflection, With this context in this research paper the Exit Performance of student- teachers of their practice teaching in annual lessons is evaluated by various criterion with the analogy of mirrors reflected in kaleidoscope. The classroom practice as their external behavior along with their cognitive and affective understanding of pedagogy is evaluated by using evaluation rubric developed by the researcher. It analyses what ought to be and what is as their performance. The dimensions of Classroom practice before and in the classroom are supervised and are discussed with expected and performed behavior. The conclusion and discussion challenges to rethink about the student-teachers' understanding and performance at their Exit at pre-service level .

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Pre-service teaching, Exit Performance, Evaluation, Practice teaching,

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Urban congestion presents one of the biggest problems to the emergency response system, especially in areas where hospitals are accessed by ambulances through complex routes, where congestion can delay reaching the hospital. Conventional strategies for traffic signal preemption and optimal routes use genetic algorithms and A* search, which are static methods and therefore not amenable to real-time traffic changes. This report explores an advanced approach to addressing congestion in ambulance traffic that uses machine learning. The approach makes a continuous consideration of optimizing route selection and signal timings dynamically. It integrates real-time data from IoT sensors, GPS, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, enabling proactive decisions based on predictive models of traffic patterns, thereby adjusting the route and signal timings. The system utilizes machine learning models, reinforcement learning, and predictive analytics to continuously improve traffic management and reduce delays while optimizing emergency response times. This approach works through real-time adaptive control to optimize ambulance passage and the overall traffic flow that leads to quicker arrival times, reduces congestion, and promotes public safety. This paper focuses on how machine learning could help morph the urban traffic management systems and comes up with a scalable and efficient solution to the perennial urban problem, which paves the way for smarter, data-driven solutions in emergency services and urban mobility.

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Urban congestion, Emergency response system, Ambulance traffic, Complex routes, Traffic signal preemption, Optimal routes ,Genetic algorithms, A* search, Real-time traffic changes, Machine learning ,IoT sensors ,GPS ,Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Predictive models ,Traffic patterns, Reinforcement learning ,Predictive analytics ,Adaptive control ,Traffic management ,Emergency response times ,Public safety ,Urban traffic management systems, Scalable solutions, Data-driven solutions, Urban mobil

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The entry into the market of drone deliveries has challenged the logistics sector in a new and unprecedented way, offering at the top level the most possible efficiency, accessibility and sustainability of the movement of goods. This paper explores the evolution of drones from their origins in military and civilian applications to their integration into last-mile delivery services, healthcare, and rural logistics. Through analysis of current usage, the breakthrough development of drone technology, and synergy of drones combined with application of AI, IoT, and 5G networks, the study demonstrates the revolutionary function and reinvention of drones within the structure of global logistics. Although they are promising, drone delivery systems are confronted with several challenges, such as the highly regulated air traffic management, privacy issues, and technical constraints, including battery life and weather dependence. This study evaluates these hurdles alongside the environmental and economic implications, underscoring drones' capacity to reduce carbon footprints while presenting new economic opportunities. The examples, for instance, of Wing (DHL Parcelcopter) are some examples of best practice and what to take away, and demonstrate the case for scalable solutions. The controversy also inquiries into ethical principles and social/moral guidelines in respect to the ramifications of autonomous actions and ensures that they have fair, equitably equitable access to drone-based delivery services. Future wise, the paper suggests the new technologies and trends which will change the horizon of logistics. It ends with a list of recommendations for stakeholders in order to realize the dream of drone delivery despite the challenges of societal, legal, and technical issues. Based on the findings, attempts are made to guide policymakers, businesses and researchers toward a sustainable equitable future of this disruptive technology.

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Drone Delivery, Logistics Innovation, Autonomous Aerial Vehicles, Sustainable Transportation

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Viral infections of the oral cavity typically present as ulcerations or blisters, posing diagnostic challenges in dental practice. Herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus, and other viral agents are responsible for primary oral lesions. Additionally, viruses such as HIV, varicella, and cytomegalovirus can affect the oral cavity due to immune system weakness. Notably, COVID-19 patients have also been reported to exhibit oral manifestations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of viral infections affecting the oral cavity, highlighting their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management

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viral infection , oral disease, ulcers, herpes

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Title- From Venom to Cure: The Therapeutics and Pharmacological Insights of Komodo Dragon Toxin in Medicine Abstract-The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), the largest extant lizard species, has garnered scientific attention due to its potent venom and unique physiological attributes. This review explores the composition and potential applications of Komodo dragon venom, which contains bioactive compounds such as AVIT peptides, CRISPs, kallikrein, natriuretic peptides, and phospholipase A2. These toxins exhibit diverse effects, including anticoagulation, hypotension, and antimicrobial properties, suggesting significant therapeutic potential. Notably, the venom's fibrinogenolytic activity aids in prey subjugation while holding promise for anticoagulant therapy. The review also highlights antimicrobial peptides like DRGN-1, which accelerate wound healing and combat infections, and discusses parallels between Komodo dragon venom and compounds like Exendin-IV from Gila monster venom, already used in diabetes management. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in ethical venom sourcing, toxicity mitigation, and peptide stabilization. Future research directions include recombinant production, personalized medicine applications, and clinical trials to unlock the full therapeutic potential of Komodo dragon venom for treating infections, chronic conditions, and metabolic disorders.

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Komodo dragon venom, Anti-coagulation, venom in drug development, pharmacological benefits

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Indian sub-continent is regarded as one of richest ecospheres of flora and fauna. From centuries ahead, several ethnic groups have reared the natural world of life in the nation. However, at the rapid growth of industrialization, several ethnic communities are undergoing serious threats of extinction considering the "green ethos" of conservation processes administered by the government from time to time. This paper dwells upon the consequences of modernization among the ethnic minorities and aims to seek for a sustainable understanding over the issue.

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industrialization, green ethos, conservation, ethnic, modernization, sustainable.

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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into workplaces is reshaping organizational processes and employee experiences. While AI enhances productivity and reduces workload, its implementation raises concerns regarding job security, stress, and workplace relationships. This study explores the multifaceted effects of AI on employee well-being by analyzing survey data from 500 employees across healthcare, technology, manufacturing, and finance sectors, alongside interviews with 50 managers and employees. Quantitative findings reveal significant productivity improvements (78%) but highlight challenges such as job insecurity (68%) and strained workplace relationships (50%). Thematic analysis identifies ethical implementation, training needs, and surveillance concerns as critical moderating factors. By providing evidence-based recommendations, this study aims to guide organizations in balancing AI's benefits with employee well-being.

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Artificial Intelligence, Employee Well-being, Workplace Automation, Job Security, Ethical AI, Organizational Strategies

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The rapid growth of unstructured textual data has amplified the need for efficient text categorization and summarization techniques. This paper explores the potential of leveraging N-Gram models, particularly focusing on their integration with extractive summarization approaches for enhanced text categorization and summary generation. The proposed approach utilizes N-Gram-based feature extraction to improve the representation of text data, allowing for better identification of patterns, relationships, and contextual understanding. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of N-Grams in enhancing the accuracy of text categorization and summarization, showing significant improvements in the overall quality and coherence of generated summaries. The evaluation of the approach is carried out on a diverse set of textual data, using several performance metrics, including compression ratio, accuracy, and F1-score. Results suggest that the hybrid method offers promising performance in comparison to traditional methods

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N-Gram Models, Text Categorization, Text Summarization, Extractive Approaches, Feature Extraction

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My goal in writing this paper is to raise awareness about mental abuse. They can resolve 90% of their issues if they can identify the cause of their mental health issues. They can concentrate on that issue and attempt to find a solution through spiritual, scientific, and self-decisional means, with the aid of the law. If we are unable to identify the cause or do not wish to recover from mental torture or abuse, it might result in serious problems. If left undiagnosed or untreated, mental health issues worsen over time. Here, I sort of go over the various laws regarding physical and mental abuse and whether they can seek legal assistance. Since many people are unable to pay for legal services, I want to educate them on how to recognize signs of mental abuse. Ultimately, doctors assist people, but only patients are able to identify the primary cause of their depression. Because proper treatment is currently the only way to address mental health issues. Those who can afford it can benefit from counselling as well as therapies. People who are unable to pay for self-care can benefit from it if they understand the cause of their mental instability. Lastly, I describe a few methods by which individuals become aware that they are being vocally, physically, or verbally assaulted.

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Mental health: Awareness: Self help

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