Volume 12 | Issue 8

 Abstract

The role women in medieval literature and society were viewed as second class citizens. The role of women is represented as birds in cages. Women had no freedom and were suppressed. They played a complex and multifaceted role. Their life was very hard without love and respect. Women were portrayed as idealized love, objects of desire, symbol of beauty. While women faced significant restriction often romanticized and objectified women as virtues of chastity and obeisance.The nuanced dynamic highlights discrepancy and variation in women's experience during the medieval period.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Femininity,Gender Roles, Chastity, Objectification of women, Misogyny

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper examines the transformative role of IoT-based smart farming in Indian agriculture, with a specific focus on the startup Fasal. As traditional farming practices in India face challenges such as weather unpredictability, inefficient resource use, and limited market access, innovative solutions are crucial for enhancing productivity and sustainability. Fasal, founded in 2018, has developed an IoT-driven platform that empowers farmers with real-time data, predictive analytics, and actionable insights tailored to specific crops. By deploying sensors to monitor environmental conditions and integrating AI-driven decision support, Fasal has enabled farmers to optimize water usage, reduce input costs, and increase crop yields. Additionally, the startup's mobile application facilitates easy access to data and connects farmers directly with markets, thereby improving income and reducing reliance on intermediaries. Despite challenges like rural connectivity and initial adoption barriers, Fasal's impact has been significant, demonstrating a 20-30% increase in yields and a 40% reduction in water use among its users. This paper highlights Fasal's approach and impact as a model for the future of smart farming in India and explores the broader implications for sustainable agriculture globally. The emergence of startups focusing on IoT-based smart farming is driven by the increasing need for sustainable agriculture, resource optimization, and enhanced productivity in farming.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IoT-based Smart Farming, Fasal Startup, Rural Connectivity Challenges, Agricultural Sustainability, Farmers Market Access, Farmers Market Access

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the integration of SCP practices across various stages of the food supply chain, from agricultural production to final consumption. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable agricultural methods, such as organic farming, water-efficient practices, and integrated pest management, in enhancing productivity while minimizing environmental impact. It also examines the role of sustainable processing and manufacturing, focusing on resource efficiency, waste reduction, and the adoption of eco-friendly packaging. The distribution and retailing sectors are highlighted as critical points for reducing food loss, promoting local and seasonal foods, and improving cold chain infrastructure. Furthermore, the paper underscores the need for consumer awareness and shifts toward plant-based diets to reduce the ecological footprint of food consumption. Through a combination of literature review, this research identifies key barriers and opportunities for implementing SCP practices in the food supply chain. There are sample opportunities for progress through technological innovations, policy support, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. This paper concludes the enhancing the sustainability of food systems, ensuring food security, and promoting social equity for future generations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sustainable Consumption and Production, Food Supply Chain and Environmental Sustainability

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Consumers attitude towards online shopping refers to their psychological state in terms of making purchases over the internet. Online shopping behaviour process refers to the products purchased online. Through online shopping consumers can buy faster, more alternatives and can order product and services with comparative lower prices. Both primary and secondary data has been used for the study. The proportionate sampling technique were used. The sample size for the study is 514 by using structured questionnaire. The findings of the study shows that the important factors influencing the consumers to purchase through online are convenient, reducing waiting time, product features, Discounts & Coupons. The above variables are highly motivating factors for the consumers to purchase through online.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Online shopping, Purchases, Products, Internet.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Online account opening forms for opening green account. Green banking helps to reduce cost, risk, and saves time. Green banking influences the people than traditional banking, green banking not only helps the banking customers it also enhances the number of customers for their banks. The green banking is very much environment friendly improves the bank reputations and shows the people it is sustainable bank for the long period and make a real impact. After analysis the different factors are definitely influencing the banking customers towards green banking. The banks are approaching the customers in an initiative way that induces the banking customers to use again and again.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Green banking, environmental friendly, banks reputations, sustainable bank.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rameswaram Island, located in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, has a significant fishing community. The island's fishermen face various challenges, including, Inadequate fishing gear, boats, and infrastructure, Depletion of fish stocks due to excessive fishing. Rising sea levels, changing weather patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events. Plastic pollution, oil spills, and chemical runoff affecting marine life. Limited access to markets, resulting in low prices for their catch. Risk of accidents, pirate attacks, and crossing international borders. Compliance with fishing regulations, permits, and licenses. Despite these challenges, the fishermen of Rameswaram Island continue to play a vital role in the local economy and culture, with many relying on traditional fishing practices passed down through generations. Efforts are being made to support sustainable fishing practices, improve infrastructure, and enhance the livelihoods of these fishermen.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fishermen, Technology, Tools, Recreational fishing, Aquaculture, Livelihood, Conservation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is the flagship program of the Government of India that directly touches the lives of the poor and promotes inclusive growth and development. MGNREGA is an important step towards the realization of the right to work and to enhance the livelihood security of the households in the rural areas of the country. The scheme provides at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household whose adult member volunteers to do unskilled manual work. This Act was implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development and the pivotal objective of the Act is to augment the wage employment. The main objective of the study is to analyze the Impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. The sample size for the study is 150. Simple random sampling technique has been used for the study is used to collect the data. The findings of the study shows that expenditure on self is the most important variables which impact the women under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rural Area, Employment, women beneficiaries, MGNREGA.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The significance of the title of the novel can be grasped only by people who have witnessed the spiraling of grain prices in India. Bad monsoons have caused havoc in the lives of millions and governments have proved incapable of effectively holding the price line. For some years now, all domestic budgeting in lower middle class and working class homes has proved a crud mockery in the face of the steadily rising prices towards the end of the novel

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bad monsoons, havoc, crud mockery

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

jkpopy; Njhd;wpa E}y;fspy; kpfg; goikahd E}y; njhy;fhg;gpak;. vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs; vd;W %d;W mjpfhuq;fspy; ,yf;fzj;ij tpsf;fp> jkpoh; gz;ghL> fiyfs;. tuyhW> tho;f;if newpKiwfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfis mw;Gjkhf tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. jkpohpd; njhd;ikahd ,e;E}ypy; kUj;Jtk; rhh;e;j Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd. ,yf;fz E}yhf ,Ue;jhYk; kUj;Jtr; nra;jpfs; mjpfkhf fhzf;fpilf;fpd;wd. mtw;iw ,f;fl;Liuapy; tphpthf fhz;Nghk;.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

caph;fs; ,ay;ghd Kiwapy; nray;gltplhky; jLg;gJ NehahFk;. njhy;fhg;gpah; Nehapid ,Utifahf tiuaWj;Js;shh;. mit igGs;> rpWik vd;gjhFk;. ,jid>

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This article considers the extensive influence of globalization on the themes, styles, and influences that frame modern English literature. Globalization the world is getting smaller and smaller through interconnected and cultural diversity. In today's World taking a walk and exploring nature is important. This paper reveals how globalization affected the portrayed of English literature. English literature has a rich root history, cut across borders, and circumscribe various traditions. This research examines the history surrounding the various literary styles and how modern writes adapt and innovate in a brisk society.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Globalization, contemporary literature, Multiculturalism, Narrative Evolution, Interconnectedness.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Human life reflects in Literature. It is one of the tools or medium to express the life of human beings especially their happiness and sorrows as well as it reflects Psychological aspects of human lives. Anita Nair is one of the leading writers in Indian writing in English. Through this paper we can know how the women are leading their life and how they overcome their struggles and sufferings etc. Anita Nair novels depict especially how the women characters and how their life becomes delight from despair. She has the perception and analytical mind of a sociologist who gives a record of human life, society and social systems prevailing at that point of time. Despair to Delight seems to be of Particular theme in Anita Nair's Novel Mistress. She depicts this theme in her third novel Mistress. She concentrates and gives clear picture on modern woman in a male dominated society and her destruction at the altar of marriage and how they overcome their sufferings and lead a happy life. Generally men are strong and Women are week mentally because women feel emotionally. As a woman she need to tolerates many things especially in marriage life. She likes or not but she need to get marriage with man. She needs to adjust herself in many ways. In Mistress Anita Nair depicts "From Despair to Delight" through her three female protagonists in this story.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The Portrayal of Women in Anita Nair's Mistress

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This article examines the representation of poverty in Victorian novels, focusing on the works of Charles Dickens, Elizabeth Gaskell, and the Bronte sisters. Through a critical examination of novels such as "Oliver Twist", "Mary Barton", "Jane Eyre" and "Wuthering Heights", this study divulges how these authors humanized the poor, revealing the social and economic injustices of their time. By explores the themes, characters and settings that portrayed poverty, this research highlights the significant role literature played in raising awareness about the plight of the poor and advocating for social change. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of the Victorian era's social and literary landscape, demonstrating the incessant impact of these novels on our understanding of poverty and social responsibility.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Poverty, social classes, economic inequality, penury, social reform

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ek;gpf;ifSk;> gof;f tof;fq;fSk; kf;fisr; Rw;wpg; glh;e;jpUg;git. Ek;gpf;if vd;gJ ek; ehl;by; kl;Lk; my;yhky; xt;nthU ehl;bYk; gd;ndLq;fhykhf Nt&d;wpf; fplf;fpd;wJ.. ek; jkpoh;fspd; gz;ghL rhh;e;j ek;gpf;iffisr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; gjpT nra;jpUf;fpd;wd.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

rq;fj; jkpohpd; epkpj;jk; rhh;e;j ek;gpf;iffs;

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This article examines the depiction of widows in Indian fiction through the works of key literary figures, exploring how these representations reflect and challenge societal norms. Focusing on writers such as Rabindranath Tagore, Ismat Chughtai, Kamala Das, Shashi Deshpande, Geeta Mehta, and Indira Goswami, the study highlights the evolving narrative of widowhood from traditional to contemporary perspectives. Tagore's early 20th-century works depict widows constrained by rigid social norms, while Chughtai and Das offer bold, critical views on gender and repression. Deshpande and Goswami present widows with more agency and complexity, reflecting modern shifts towards empowerment and personal identity. Geeta Mehta's portrayal adds a layer of introspection and spiritual exploration. By analyzing these diverse literary portrayals, the article sheds light on the changing discourse around widowhood, illustrating how literature serves as a mirror to societal attitudes and contributes to ongoing discussions on gender, identity, and autonomy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Depiction of widows from Tagore to Indira Goswami: Postmodern perspective

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid evolution of digital banking has fundamentally reshaped the financial services sector, offering unprecedented convenience for customers while simultaneously introducing significant challenges for bank employees. This study investigates the specific challenges faced by bank employees in Sivagangai District, a region characterized by a diverse banking environment and varying levels of technological infrastructure. The research focuses on three main areas: technological adaptation, cybersecurity threats, and customer service issues related to digital banking. Utilizing a combination of descriptive and quantitative research methods, including surveys and regression analysis, the study identifies key difficulties employees encounter in managing digital banking solutions. Findings reveal that employees in Sivagangai District face substantial hurdles in adapting to new technologies, addressing increasing cybersecurity threats, and effectively managing customer service demands. The study also highlights the impact of these challenges on employee performance and satisfaction. The results underscore the need for targeted training programs, enhanced cybersecurity measures, and improved support systems to help employees navigate the complexities of digital banking. Recommendations include investing in continuous professional development, strengthening cybersecurity protocols, and leveraging feedback to refine digital banking solutions. This research provides valuable insights for banks operating in similar contexts and contributes to the broader understanding of digital banking's impact on workforce dynamics. By addressing the unique challenges faced by employees in this region, the study aims to inform strategies that enhance employee efficiency, improve customer satisfaction, and ensure the successful implementation of digital banking services.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Banking, Bank Employees, Technological Adaptation, Cybersecurity Threats, Customer Service Operational Challenges, Employee Performance, Training Programs, Financial Services

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper proposes the conceptual review of emergence of artificial intelligence in consumer online purchase decision making. With the help of this study it's proved that AI has an impact on consumer online purchase decision making, for this research the primary data is collected using Stratified Sampling technique. The collected data are analyzed using SPSS with suitable tools like T- test, ANOVA and Chi-Square. Data was collected from 77 respondents from this paper its in analyzed that Age factor plays a vital role in impact of artificial intelligence when they buy products through online shopping Especially generation Z are aware of AI and the influence in their decision making but they were strongly agreeing that AI's Personal recommendations are influencing their decision making in online shopping and the respondents were acknowledging Artificial intelligence Helps to automate the repetitive task, Allowing customers to discover new products, Personalized product recommendations, and Helps to deduct fraudulent products. This paper will help the emerging researchers and students who are keen to know the impact of artificial intelligence in consumer purchase decision making.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial intelligence, AI, Consumer, Purchase Decision Making

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Silapadhikara Samugam

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Silapadhikara Samugam

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Retail banking is also known as consumer banking or personal banking refers to the set of financial services and products that bank offer to individual customers or retail customers. These services are designed to meet the everyday financial needs of individual and households. Retail banking plays a crucial role in providing essential financial services to individuals helping them manage their money achieve their financial goals and navigate various stages of their lives. Both primary and secondary data has been used for the study. The primary data has been collected from 385 respondents in sivagangai district. The findings of the study shows that the major factors influenced the customers were technology support to the customers, Less service charges, Easy physical branch access, convenient branch location of offsite ATMs and convenient working hours.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Retail banking, Products, Financial Services, Customers

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In Tamil Nadu state, Sivagangai is one among the rural districts where the majority of the people in this district depend upon the agricultural activities. In this district there are 9 taluks, 12 blocks & 445 Panchayat Villages. The farmers in Sivagangai district are always facing many problems during the farming activities. The main problem of farmers in Sivagangai district is scarcity of water. Most of the time the small farmers are facing difficult situations which makes them unable to continue their farming. In order, to continue the agriculture activities, they are always in need of credit for the purchase of seeds, fertilizers and other agricultural inputs. Multi stage sampling methods were used for collecting the data. The findings of the study shows that the overall mean score value 3.91 indicates that the respondents agree with the purpose of utilization of availing agriculture jewel loan from the financial institutions, which is one of the important factors for the purchase of fertilizers and seeds.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Farming Activities, Agricultural credit, Jewel loan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

People consider that writing is the most important skill in learning English. It is because writing is one of the ways to transfer using to the language. But there are many problems in learning writing such us motivation, confidence, habit of the students, teaching method, material, etc. The most crucial problem is that the teaching method is not interesting. Based on that problem, the writer tries to offer the suggestopedia method to be applied in writing class. This method is good for writing class. It is because the purpose of the suggestopedia method is to release the mind of students from the negative belief. So that the learning process will be more fun and the students will be more relax during the class. In this paper, the discussion of what suggestopedia is and how it is applied in a writing class are explained in details.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

transfer, suggestopedia, learning process

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition