Volume 1 | Issue 3

 Abstract

This paper mainly focused on the detection of Radar targets using Ternary coded sequences. Since there is no conventional technique available in the literature for the detection of targets using the Ternary coded sequences CAF technique is considered as an alternative technique to identify the presence or absence of target in various scenarios such as single stationary target, multi stationary targets, single moving target and multi moving targets.

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 Keywords

Cross Ambiguity Function, Ternary Sequences, Contour Plots.

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In 4G mobile technology is the next step in this direction. 4G communication systems is the next generation of wireless networks that will totally replace 3G communication networks. 4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G. A 4G system must provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced. It is supposed to provide its customers with better speed and all IP based multimedia services. 4G communication systems is all about an integrated, global network that will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" in the world. At present we have many technologies each capable of performing functions like supporting voice traffic using voice over IP (VoIP), broadband data access in mobile environment etc., but there is a great need of deploying such technologies that can integrate all these systems into a single unified system. 4G communication systems presents a solution of this problem as it is all about seamlessly integrating the terminals, networks and applications. The race to implement 4G is accelerating as well as quite challenging. The aim of this paper is to highlight the benefits, challenges in deployment and scope of 4G technologies.

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 Keywords

TDMA, FDMA, GPS 4G, 3G, VoIP, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, PoC, CDMA, GPRS.

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Bhaskara II, also known as Bhaskaracharya, was a renowed Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived in 12th century. He considered one of the greatest mathematicians of medieval India, whose Contributions to mathematics and astronomy have these a significant impact on the development of those fields. His works, particularly siddhanta Siromani and Lilvati, Continue to be appreciated for their depth and clarity. Bhaskara II known for his work on quadratic equations, Diophantine equations and the pell equation. He also developed the concept of the Charavela method, an iterative algorithm for solving pell's equation.

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Astronomy, Medieval, Significant, impact, Iterative, Algorithm.

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Varahamihira, a name synonymous with ancient Indian wisdom, was a renowned astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, and polymath who flourished during the sixth century CE. His profound contributions to various fields of knowledge continue to inspire and intrigue scholars and enthusiasts alike. In the annals of ancient Indian history, Varahamihira stands out as a luminary figure, a polymath whose brilliance spanned the realms of astronomy, mathematics, astrology, and even architecture. Born in the early 6th century CE in Ujjain, a city that served as a major intellectual hub of its time, Varahamihira's contributions have left an indelible mark on Indian intellectual tradition.

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Synonymous, Polymath, Scholars, Luminary, Realms, architecture

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Rural development and poverty alleviation have been central to India's economic policies since independence. Rural banks, especially Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), have played a catalytic role in achieving these objectives, addressing gaps in rural credit, promoting financial inclusion, and encouraging entrepreneurship among the economically disadvantaged. This paper evaluates the role of rural banks in transforming rural economies in India. Using empirical data from 1980-2012, it analyzes trends in credit disbursement, non-performing assets (NPAs), and the impact of rural banks on poverty reduction. The findings suggest that targeted credit delivery, sectoral lending strategies, and financial literacy programs have contributed significantly to rural upliftment and highlight areas of improvement for sustainable rural development.

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 Keywords

Rural banking, poverty alleviation, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), rural development, financial inclusion, agriculture credit, India

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The specially-abled would like to be viewed as people with challenges and not condemned as persons with defective body. Physical deficiencies present in the body could be from birth or could have been developed over a period of time, or could have occurred accidently. They are not ashamed of their disabilities and they do not want to be pitied. But society looks down upon them as products of pity, disgrace and uselessness, there by stigmatizing and marginalizing them. To know the reason for the formation of such kind of negative attitude towards specially-abled and caregivers, it is quintessential to study the historical perception of disability.

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specially abled, disability, mythology, attitude

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This study examines the impact of cultural competency on English language curriculum design, aiming to enhance students' engagement, motivation, and overall learning experiences. As globalization increasingly shapes educational environments, it is crucial to incorporate cultural awareness into English language teaching (ELT). This research employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing surveys and interviews with educators and students across diverse educational settings. The findings reveal that integrating cultural competency into curriculum design fosters a more inclusive learning atmosphere, improves student participation, and enhances language acquisition. The study highlights essential strategies for developing culturally responsive curricula that address the diverse backgrounds of learners. The implications for educators and curriculum developers underscore the need for ongoing professional development in cultural competency to create effective and meaningful ELT programs.

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Cultural Competency , English Language Teaching (ELT), Curriculum Design, Inclusivity , Student Engagement, Language Acquisition and Professional Development

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Kautilya's Arthashastra is an important treatise on Public Administration in Ancient India. The article is not an attempt to question the veracity of Kautilya's Arthashastra. It focuses on certain salient elements of the template of public administration inscribed in Arthashastra (KA: 15.1). Arthashastra deals with the perennial problem of "acquiring and maintaining the earth". "Thus this Shastra," writes Kautilya, " is composed as a guide to acquire and secure this world" (KA: 5.1.).In the words of Kautilya, "In the happiness of the subjects lies the happiness of the king and in what is beneficial to the subjects his own benefit. What is dear to the king is not beneficial to him, but what is dear to the subjects is beneficial to him", (Bandopadya, 1980). Kautilya's Arthashastra is one of the most comprehensive treatises ever produced on state power, its acquisition, exercise and disruption (Rangarajan,1992). Several characters of the Arthashastra render it particularly relevant to the present context. The purpose of the paper is to explore the very idea on the different indicators and contexts of good governance espoused by Kautilya during the fourth century BCE.The Mauryan government also took effective and energetic measures to relieve the distress of the people. Elaborate precautions and remedial measures were enforced during famines, floods, droughts, rat-menace, outbreak of fire, menace from serpents and wild animals and evil spirits. 30 To prevent an outbreak of fire in summer, city and village people were required to cook outside, and nvever under the roof. Every hous-holder had to keep ready ten fire-fighting implements. People who worked with fire were to live in one locality.

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Keywords: Arthashastra, Public administration, Good governance.

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Street vendors are identified as self-employed workers in informal sector are coming from the marginalized section of the society. The paper tries to highlight the working life of street vendors in Malda Town. The study has been conducted to analyze the socio-economic conditions of street vendors in Malda Town of Malda District in the state of West Bengal. The working life of street vendors is explained in terms of their financial conditions, their working hours, and the issue of valuable services, legal status and contribution to the urban economy. The study is based on primary data collected from field survey. 120 street vendors have been randomly selected from six important business centre like Rathbari More near Netaji market, Post Office More near Chittaranjan market, Malda Rly Station, Malda District Hospital and Medical College, Mukdampur market and Sukanta more for the study. The study shows that vendors have been able to increase their financial empowerment regarding income, expenditure, savings and access of credits from different financial institutions. Although, vending is one of the sensitive jobs, vendors always be active and alert with opened eye, ear and mouth and they have extremely a long working hours. It has been further found that vendors are more united to establish their rights at workplace. Now they are facing a lot of problems of opposition from Public, Municipal authority and policemen, but their service contribution to the people in urban economy cannot be ignored.

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Vendors, Employment, Economic Empowerment, Problems at Work Place.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agriculture, the backbone of the Indian economy, sustains nearly 70% of the population. Despite their significant role, rural women face distinct and often undervalued roles due to patriarchal norms and deep-rooted sex stereotypes. With 78% of female workers in India, and 86% in rural areas, engaged in agriculture, they often remain voiceless and invisible, working without payment or being pushed out of employment. National policies have aimed to improve conditions for women, but discriminatory practices and wage inequalities persist. This study examines perceptions of sex stereotypes among rural farm laborers through two investigations: Mittra (1992) on urban construction workers with rural background & rural base and Srivastava and Bhatnagar (2002) on socially excluded female farm laborers in Kuriana village. Using the Picture Story Test (Bhatnagar; Bhalla & Poptani, 1991), the study found strong adherence to traditional gender roles, with feminine traits like being soft-spoken and submissive, and masculine traits like independence and dominance, overwhelmingly endorsed. These findings highlight the entrenched patriarchal mindset and the need to address power, inequality, and social change within Indian psychological research. The study emphasizes the importance of reaching out to marginalized rural populations, which make up over 70% of the population, to foster social equity and empowerment.

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Sex stereotype, rural, gender, masculine, feminine, traits

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 Abstract

India is predominantly an agrarian society. Agriculture is a way of life, a tradition which, for centuries, has shaped the thought, the outlook, the culture and the economic life of the people of India. Indian Agriculture has made rapid strides in the agricultural sector since Independence, particularly after the Green Revolution of the 1960s. With the country's population of more than 1 billion, inadequacies of serious long-term concern are now obvious. The 11th Five-Year Plan also indicates that agricultural development is an important component of inclusive growth approach. The growth has not been inclusive. In a similar vein, the growth in Credit Flow to Agriculture has been impressive over the years in absolute terms and yet there are many serious issues in flow of agricultural credit and evaluation of agricultural credit schemes for strengthening Indian agriculture that need to be addressed. Agriculture is a dominant sector of our economy and credit plays an important role in increasing agricultural production. Availability and access to adequate, timely and low-cost credit from institutional sources are of great importance, especially to small and marginal farmers. Government of India, in its Farm Credit Package announced in June 2004, advised banks to double credit to agriculture sector in three years, i.e., by 2006-07. In the annual budgets, Government of India announces targets for credit to agriculture to ensure adequate credit flow to the sector. The flow of agriculture credit since 2003-04 has consistently exceeded the target. Agriculture credit flow has increased from Rs. 86981 crore in 2003-04 to Rs. 468291 crores in 2010-11. The target for 2011-12 was fixed at Rs. 475,000 crore and achievement is Rs. 511029 crore, forming more than 107% of the target. The target of credit flow for the year 2012-13 has been fixed at Rs. 575,000 crore and achievement as on September 2012 was Rs. 239629 crores. The present study makes an attempt to analyze and evaluate agricultural credit schemes for strengthening Indian agriculture sector.

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Agricultural Credit, Institutional Credit, Agricultural loan and Rural Development

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