Volume 5 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Financial inclusion, the accessibility and usage of financial services by individuals and businesses, is increasingly recognized as a crucial driver of economic growth and development. This paper explores the relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth, examining theoretical frameworks, empirical evidence, and policy implications. It highlights the positive impact of financial inclusion on entrepreneurship, job creation, poverty reduction, and income equality. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, socio-economic disparities, regulatory constraints, technological barriers, and cultural factors hinder efforts to expand financial access. Recommendations for advancing financial inclusion include prioritizing financial education, leveraging technology, fostering an enabling regulatory environment, and promoting collaboration among stakeholders. By implementing targeted strategies and interventions, policymakers and practitioners can work towards creating a more inclusive financial ecosystem that empowers individuals and promotes sustainable economic development.

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Financial inclusion, Economic growth, Empirical evidence, Policy implications, Challenges, Recommendations.

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di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), DLLME, HPLC-DAD

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Fingerprint authentication stands out as the most sophisticated among biometric techniques, having undergone extensive validation across diverse applications. Unlike features like a person's face or signature, which can change over time and may be subject to fabrication or imitation, a fingerprint uniquely belongs to an individual and remains constant throughout a lifetime. This paper delineates the diverse aspects and methods essential for the implementation of a fingerprint-based identification system.

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Biometric, Minutiae, Fingerprint, Identification System

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Most individuals, especially those living in rural and interior parts of India, have been excluded from the benefits of formal banking system. Therefore, they never had access to insurance, credit, loans and other financial instruments to help them establish and grow their micro businesses. So, most individuals depend on local money lenders for credit. The loan comes at high interest and often with unbearable conditions, which make these poor unsuspecting people fall in a debt-trap for generations. So they were an urgent need for an institution which will overcome the problems of individuals staying in rural areas. It will make a lot of difference in the economy as according to NSSO Survey 2013, there are close to 5.77 crores small scale business units, mostly sole proprietorships, which undertake trading, manufacturing, retail and other small-scale activities. Government felt that introduction MUDRA will make the difference by promoting self employment and entrepreneurship.

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A Study Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA)

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Abstract: Throughout the globe, the traditional knowledge system has gained prime importance in context with conservation, sustainable development, and search for new utilization patterns of plant resources. In this context, the ethnomedicinal plants and the traditional healthcare system prevalent amongst the aboriginal and the rural population of various societies contribute significant role. Considering the importance of herbal medicines, the paper pertains to the studies conducted in the rural areas of Nalanda district, Bihar. The study is based on extensive field surveys, plant collection, and the interviews with the local women and the senior inhabitants. In all, over 70 plants species belonging to 32 families have been enumerated, which are found to be of common use by the locales.

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Keywords: Ethnomedicine, Traditional healthcare, Nalanda, Bihar.

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Caste Politics and its Evolution in Indian Political Framework: This paper explores the intricate tapestry of caste politics within the Indian political landscape. Tracing its historical roots from pre-independence movements to contemporary dynamics, the study delves into the multifaceted impact of caste on societal structures, governance mechanisms, and electoral strategies. Drawing insights from historical texts, scholarly analyses, and empirical studies, this research paper examines the evolution of caste-based parties, affirmative action policies, and their ramifications on social cohesion, governance priorities, and societal aspirations. It navigates the complexities of caste-based politics, acknowledging its enduring influence while scrutinizing debates on reservations, societal divisions, and challenges in formulating inclusive policies. Furthermore, the study delineates the contemporary landscape, encompassing the coexistence of traditional caste-based politics and emerging narratives seeking societal unity beyond caste identities. This comprehensive analysis seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of caste politics in India, highlighting its historical significance, contemporary complexities, and implications for future socio-political trajectories.

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Caste politics, Indian politics, Affirmative action, Electoral strategies, Social cohesion, Governance, Reservations, Societal dynamics, Political landscape, India.

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The study holds immense importance in shedding light on the transformative role of libraries in contemporary academia. As the nature of research becomes increasingly interdisciplinary, understanding how libraries actively support and nurture this trend is crucial. By delineating the diverse services, resources, and outreach programs offered by libraries, this research underscores their pivotal position in shaping the trajectory of multidisciplinary humanities research. Moreover, recognizing the significance of libraries as cultural hubs contributes to the broader discourse on the evolving role of these institutions in the digital age. Originality of the Study: While numerous studies have explored the functions of libraries, this research brings a fresh perspective by specifically focusing on their role as cultural hubs within the context of multidisciplinary humanities research. The originality lies in the comprehensive examination of various facets--ranging from access to resources to collaborative spaces and specialized collections. This study aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by providing a detailed exploration of how libraries actively contribute to the richness and diversity of humanities research in the contemporary academic landscape. Outcome of the Study: The anticipated outcome of this study is a well-rounded understanding of how libraries function as cultural hubs and catalysts for multidisciplinary humanities research. By identifying best practices, challenges, and opportunities, the research aims to provide practical insights for librarians, researchers, and policymakers. The study's outcomes can inform strategic decisions for libraries seeking to enhance their support for diverse research endeavours. Ultimately, the research contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the evolving role of libraries, emphasizing their continued relevance and adaptability in an ever-changing academic environment.

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Libraries, Cultural Hubs, Humanities Research, Multidisciplinary, Research Support, Information Resources, Outreach Programs

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In the present study an attempt has been made to understand the adjustment patterns of senior secondary school students in relation to academic stress. A total number of 200 senior secondary school students (100 boys and 100 girls) studying in private as well as government schools of a district Kapurthala (Pb.) were selected randomly. Adjustment and Academic stress Inventory for school students were administered to assess the stress and adjustment of adolescents respectively. The results revealed that 1) senior secondary school student's girls have better adjustment as compared to adolescent boys 2) senior secondary school students boys have more academic stress as compared to adolescent girls.

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Adjustment, Academic Stress and senior secondary school students

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This study delves into the multifaceted impact of technological innovation on the rural economy, aiming to understand the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities presented by the integration of technology in traditionally agrarian and rural settings. As technology continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace, its influence on rural economies becomes increasingly significant, reshaping the socio-economic landscape. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analyses of economic indicators with qualitative assessments of community perceptions and experiences. Data is collected from diverse rural regions, encompassing various agricultural practices, geographical locations, and socio-economic contexts. The study evaluates the implications of technological innovation on key pillars of the rural economy, including agriculture, infrastructure, education, healthcare, and local entrepreneurship. The impact of precision agriculture, IoT-enabled farming techniques, and advanced machinery on agricultural productivity and sustainability is a primary focus. The research also explores how technology facilitates access to markets, financial services, and information, thus fostering rural entrepreneurship and reducing economic disparities. Additionally, attention is given to the challenges arising from the digital divide, ensuring that the benefits of technological innovation are inclusive and equitable.

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transformative, technology and e-learning platforms

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The present study reveals that being a part of North East region Assam is rich in biodiversity from time immemorial. Assamese people collect locally available plant parts to prepare daily dishes from ancient times. As a part of the study conducted from 2015 to 2016, a total of 120 houses of upper and lower Assam was visited. During the survey time, 30 wild plant species were recorded as being used as leafy vegetables in Assamese cuisines. Among them 1 species belongs to Pteridophyte and 29 species to Angiosperms. Among Angiosperms, 25 species represent dicotyledones and 4 species monocotyledons. . Each and every plant carries different nutritional values. The harvesting or collecting time of leafy vegetables differs from species to species.

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wild, leafy vegetable, Assamese, cuisine

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Man is a gregarious animal. He has reasoning faculty bestowed by the invisible force by whatever name He is called. Communal bonding in reciprocation to the rest of the counterparts is felt in virtues and adversities. The reflections are imminent but complementary. The strength and weakness of human beings as individuals and as a group have volumes to speak. Human beings aspire for personal recognition. The secular spirit dawned with the social contract that appeared on the foundations of modern renaissance thrust which bore fruit and finally attained its ultimate form in the frame of secular and humanistic spirit. The common human motivation which is more or less common to all human civilizations and cultures attained its ultimate and humanistic formulation which incarnated in the present thrive of humanistic thought in this existential manifestations of Black writers. Ralph Ellison is one among those writers which is the area of present study of Invisible Man. The driving force behind the entire study is 'humanism' in the realms of African-American Society. The spiritual insight which sought the perfection and salvation for the African-Americans is overwhelming across the Black arena.

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African Humanism,

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The ornamental fish, Rosy Barb, Puntuis conchonius is a common aquarium fish because of its attractive colouration. The current study focused on the sensitivity of this fish to aquatic pollution. Unlike other fishes, the study animal showed high sensitivity and heavy damage to the kidney tissues that is degeneration of renal tubules, Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. Cellular necrosis and haemotopoiesis were also observed.

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P. conchonius, haemotopoiesis, necrosis, kidney, glomerulus, renal tubules

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Ornamental fish culture is one of the small scale self employment practices by humans. This practice requires unpolluted freshwater in large scale. Agricultural usage of pesticides in the fileds ultimately reach aquatic ecosystem. Pollutants such as endosulfan and fenvalarate are found to be highly toxic to very sensitive fish like Rosy barb, Puntius conchonius. In the present study the intestine of this fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of the pesticides endosulfan and Fenvalarate show abnormal histology. The microvilli are hypertrophied and adjacent will have fused together due to erosion of the outer epithelial layer.

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P. conchonius, Endosulfan, Fenvalarate, Intestine, Microvilli

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Cultivating is an occupation which is assuming a definitive job for get by of this world. It supplies greatest requirements for the individual to live in this world. However, in the progression of the advances with development of Internet of Things, the Automation (Smarter advances) is supplanting the customary philosophies which in reason bringing about wide reach improvement of the Fields. Presently we are in the condition of computerization where the up degree of more brilliant advancements are improving step by step in greatest areas beginning from savvy homes, trash, vehicles, enterprises, Farming, wellbeing, frameworks, etc. In the field of Farming, the improvement with the usage of Automation is additionally occurring with the development of Internet of Things. The principle thought of this paper is centered around the audit of the improvement in the Smart Cultivating area

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Automation, DSS, ICT, IoT

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Indian constitution has all the features of federal constitution, the centre and states are independent to make laws in the respective field assigned by the constitution. However, the centre has supremacy in certain situations that is also mentioned in the Constitution itself. If either government tries to transgress the limits an independent judiciary plays an important role as the apex court is considered the protector and guarantor of the Constitution. The concept of federalism in India keeps changing since the commencement of the Constitution. The Indian model of federalism may be one of the most interesting types in the world, characterised by the fact that it begins with a paradox: "centralised federalism". This paper involves the temporal framework in the discourse on Indian federalism by tracing the history of the country's federal structure in four different time periods, from the birth of the India as a republic to these contemporary times. This shows how the political factors are prevailing in each of these four different phases served to strengthen the Indian federal discourse, despite the centralised constitutional set-up of Indian polity. This paper tries to achieve the aim of highlighting the different patterns of Indian federal response shaped by the various political factors over the time and provides the recommendations for strengthening India's federal structure.

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Federalism, Constitution

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EVALUATION OF A SAFE AND EFFICIENT ENERGY EFFORT SEARCHING TECHNIQUE ON MOBILE CLOUD

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EVALUATION OF A SAFE AND EFFICIENT ENERGY EFFORT SEARCHING TECHNIQUE ON MOBILE CLOUD

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The Indian government recently demonetized high-value notes, such as the 500 and 1000, in an effort to find hidden funds and combat corruption, monetary fraud, and the financing of terrorism. This choice was regarded as the biggest .the most successful campaign against black money in Indian economic history. However, different specialists have different opinions on demonetization, with some arguing that it will hurt the illegal market.

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Demonetization, Corruption, Black money, finance terrorists, GDP, illegal market.

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A WSN is a collection of sensor nodes organized into a co-operative network. Each sensor node is consisting of microcontroller, memory unit, battery unit and communication interface. WSN were invented to study, control and monitor events and phenomenon. WSNs are having variety of applications in industrial, medical and military areas. Sensor node senses the data, processes it and shares it via communication unit to a base station or a sink node. As these nodes are mostly deployed in harsh environments or unattended areas with limited energy sources, they are more prone to failures. These failures may be due to battery depletions, hardware failures or communication link failures. These may lead to lower desired level of functionality. In this paper, areas of fault occurrences in nodes, importance of fault tolerance and some fault tolerance mechanisms for WSNs are covered in detail.

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Fault detection, Fault tolerance mechanisms

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North Bengal is famous for its flora, and fauna. A large number of portions of this region are covered by the tea gardens. Tea garden has a glorious history in this area, especially Darjeeling tea which is very famous for its aroma and flavor throughout the world. A large number of people depend on the Tea garden for their livelihood. But the tea industry of this region also has a dark side. The Tea workers, who are the essential parts of tea production, without whose work production of tea is possible, have a miserable condition. Especially women workers are confronted with many difficulties including trafficking, poor health and hygiene status, insecure livelihood opportunities etc. So, it indicates the fact that tea industries are unable to protect the workers and also fail to address the consequences of those problems. This paper highlights various problems of women tea workers, their vulnerability and challenges in tea gardens of North Bengal.

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Human Rights, Tea worker

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition