Volume 14 | Issue 3

 Abstract

John Donne's poetry is seldom direct and melodious. Instead, it often sounds like someone vehemently arguing in a heated debate in a tone that is keen, curious and genuinely trying to convince someone irrespective of whether it is God, Death or a lover at the receiving end. His poems become the meeting point of logic and emotion. The present research explores Donne's juxtaposition of rhetorical devices in his metaphysical poetry. An analysis of some of his poems, for instance, 'A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning', 'The Flea', 'The Sun Rising', 'A Hymn to God the Father', 'Batter My Heart', 'Death Be Not Proud' and other poems, exhibit witty arguments, new insights, and unique conceits that persuade the readers to trust him unquestionably. The strong emotions are bedded in scientific proof. Paradox renders novelty and the facts serve as evidence for this claim. Donne's poetry thinks through feelings. This paved the way for a later generation of dramatic but intellectual poetry.

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 Keywords

John Donne; rhetoric; metaphysical poetry; conceit; apostrophe; paradox; persuasion

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Agricultural marketing channels usually consist of different types of intermediaries including village traders commission agents wholesalers; processors and retailers who may be involved in the following functions: grading; packaging; storage; transportation; and value-added services. Farmers who operate in traditional marketing channels rely upon numerous intermediaries because of limited access to the necessary infrastructure to support their needs and/or insufficient access to reliable and timely market information. As such, farmers have limited negotiating power when it comes to setting prices for their products and, therefore, only receive a small share of the final consumer price. In contrast to traditional marketing channels, organized marketing channels include cooperative marketing contract farming vertically integrated poultry firms etc. to provide a greater degree of coordination transparency and operational efficiency for both the producer and the consumer. The use of organized marketing channels will assist in stabilizing poultry prices maintaining poultry quality standards and providing consumers with a continuous supply of poultry products. Infrastructure development, particularly cold storage facilities and refrigerated transport are critical components in maintaining the freshness and reducing spoilage of poultry products. The use of digital marketing platforms and advanced market information systems by producers will improve farmers' access to markets and allow farmers to make more informed decisions.

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: Agricultural marketing, intermediaries, traditional channels, organized channels, contract farming, vertical integration, cold storage, digital marketing, price stability, farmer income.

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Energy auditing is a process used to discover energy losses in these structures. The walk-through auditing technique is used to examine the energy consumption of the Vishwavidyalaya Engineering College Ambikapur dormitory building within the academic sector. The energy audit is based on real-time energy usage measurements. The data collected during the energy audit are used to identify the energy losses of the building. The results show that the energy savings of the hostel building are higher than those of the other buildings. In addition, the energy saving of the student hostel building is also higher than that of the student's hostel building. As a consequence, as compared to energy-efficient structural designs, hostel buildings often use more energy than required.

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Energy assessment, Energy Consumption, Energy efficiency, Bill Saving.

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Nasal disease represents a major public health concern, especially in developing countries like India. The nasal cavity serves as the primary passage for respiration and plays a significant role in conditioning of inspired air, humidification, and temperature regulation. Any disturbance in the anatomical or physiological function of the nose may result in significant morbidities. In Ayurveda, the nose is regarded as Nasa Hi Sirso Dwaram (gateway to the head), highlighting its anatomical and physiological importance. Among the various Nasaroga (nasal diseases) described, Nasanaha is primarily characterized by obstruction of the nasal passage. This review article seeks to critically evaluate the concept of Nasanaha through Ayurvedic references and to establish correlation with comparable conditions in contemporary medical science.

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NASAROGA, NASANAHA, NASA HI SIRSO DWARAM

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The emergence of e-commerce has brought about a dynamic shift in consumer shopping experiences, altering how consumers interact with fashion and apparel. The purpose of this study is to compare how customers shop for clothing and fashion through these two channels. It examines important elements including convenience, affordability, product variety, shopping experiences, and the return and exchange policy. The study also looks at how age, gender, and income level affect people's shopping preferences. The survey was administered through a structured Questionnaire. Analysing the data collected using statistical tools like chi square, regression.

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Consumer Experiences, Online Shopping, Offline Shopping, Convenience, Affordability, Product Variety, Shopping Experiences

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Effectiveness of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in Rural Women Empowerment: A Sociological Analysis of Basti District, Uttar Pradesh

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Women Empowerment, Self Help Groups, Rural Development, Basti District, Sociological Study

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ABSTRACT Adolescence is a critical stage of growth and development characterized by significant physical, psychological, and hormonal changes. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age and is increasingly observed among adolescent girls. Lack of awareness regarding early identification and management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome can lead to complications such as menstrual irregularities, infertility, obesity, and metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Video Assisted Teaching Programme (VATP) on knowledge and attitude regarding early identification and management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls. A pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted. A total of 60 adolescent girls studying in 1st year General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) and 1st year B.Sc Nursing were selected using non-probability convenience sampling from a selected nursing college in Udupi district. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and a modified 5-point Likert attitude scale. The teaching programme was administered after the pre-test and the post-test was conducted after seven days. Results showed that during the pre-test, most participants (82%) had moderate knowledge, 16% had good knowledge, and 2% had poor knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. After the intervention, 52% achieved excellent knowledge, 40% had good knowledge, and only 8% had moderate knowledge. The mean knowledge score improved from 12.43 to 23.46. Attitude towards Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome also improved significantly, with favourable attitude increasing from 55% in the pre-test to 100% in the post-test. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement in knowledge (t = 12.83, p < 0.05) and attitude (t = 14.292, p < 0.05) after the intervention. The study concluded that the Video Assisted Teaching Programme was effective in improving knowledge and attitude regarding early identification and management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls. Educational interventions can play an important role in promoting awareness and early management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among young women.

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Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Adolescent girls, Knowledge, Attitude, Video assisted teaching programme.

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Introduction - Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental condition that affects brain function, leading to challenges in communication, social interaction, and imaginative play. Autism often impacts parents and those around the child more than the child themselves, due to unusual behaviors. In Ayurveda, 'Mano-upghaat' refers to a range of neuropsychological disorders that disrupt the normal functioning of cognitive and behavioral aspects, including Manas, Buddhi, Sangya, Smriti, Bhakti, Sheela, Cheshta, and Achara. Aims and Objectives - To assess the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatments and therapies--such as Panchakarma and Viddhakarma--along with lifestyle modifications, in the holistic management of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Material and Method - A 2-year-5-month-old male patient was selected for the study, presented with complaints of speech impairment, poor eye contact, unable to walk without support, reduced attention and concentration, unable to follow commands or instructions, and scared of people around him. Result- The child showed noticeable improvement: better eye contact, responsiveness to instructions, reduced fear of strangers, and independent walking with 5-6 steps. Conclusion - Factors like digital exposure, limited parent-child communication, sedentary lifestyle, and reduced social interaction contribute to stress and mental health issues. Ayurvedic therapies like Panchakarma strengthen both body and mind, while Viddha Karma helps clear vascular obstructions and stimulate nerve endings. Combined with oral medications, they show effective results in managing Autism.

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Mano-upghaat, Panchakarma, Viddhakarma, Manas, Buddhi, Smriti

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This paper examines insurgency-induced trauma in Easterine Kire's Life on Hold (2011), situating the novella within the socio-political history of Nagaland. Set against the backdrop of prolonged conflict between Naga nationalist groups and the Indian state, the narrative portrays the emotional, physical, and economic disturbances experienced by ordinary civilians in Kohima. Drawing upon Cathy Caruth's concept of trauma as an overwhelming event that returns through repetition and Dominick LaCapra's notions of "acting out" and "working through," the study analyses how violence, extortion, factional killings, and political instability disrupt individual and collective life. Through the character of Nimenuo (Nime), Kire represents the long-lasting psychological scars produced by insurgency--manifested in fear, silence, anxiety, dreams, and fractured relationships. The novella further highlights the gendered dimensions of trauma, as women endure silent suffering while negotiating familial responsibilities amidst uncertainty. By documenting the lived experiences of common people, Life on Hold emerges as an important literary testimony of collective memory and cultural crisis. The paper argues that Kire's work not only records historical trauma but also reflects on resilience, survival, and the persistent longing for peace in a conflict-ridden society.

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Insurgency, Trauma, Collective Memory, Nagaland, Easterine Kire, Political Violence

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This research paper examines Chetan Bhagat's The Girl in Room 105 as a reflective narrative of contemporary Indian social realities, focusing on the intersections of love, communal identity, gender, politics, and digital culture. Through a close textual analysis, the study explores how personal relationships are shaped by structural inequalities and socio-political tensions, particularly in relation to religious polarization and gendered vulnerability. The novel is analyzed as a critique of institutional failure, where justice is influenced by power, ideology, and media narratives rather than ethical accountability. Additionally, the paper investigates the role of digital technology in mediating truth, surveillance, and emotional connection, highlighting its ethical implications in modern society. By tracing the moral transformation of the protagonist, the study argues that Bhagat presents moral responsibility as a relational and ongoing process grounded in self-awareness, empathy, and ethical courage. The paper ultimately positions The Girl in Room 105 as a significant contribution to contemporary Indian English fiction that uses popular narrative form to engage with complex social and ethical concerns.

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Communal identity, Gender vulnerability, Moral responsibility, Digital culture, Contemporary Indian fiction

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The research paper furnishes knowledge about how photography was in the Nizam for the last 25 years of the 19th century. It discusses the photographers who worked particularly in Hyderabad and details largely more about Raja Deen Dayal, who worked in the state for nearly two decades. The article also mentions 6th Nizam Mir Mahboob Ali Khan's patronage to photographers and documentation of architecture, royal visits, and famine relief efforts.

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Dagurreotype Photography, Documentation of Architecture, Central India Agency, and Visit Albums.

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This study focuses on how the family environment helps students deal with peer pressure and academic stress. Many adolescents and young adults face pressure from friends and schoolwork, which can affect their mental health and well-being. The research examines how factors such as parental support, good communication, emotional warmth, monitoring, and family closeness help students manage stress and avoid negative peer influence. The study uses a quantitative approach, where students will complete standardized questionnaires to collect data. The goal is to understand how a supportive and caring family environment can improve students' emotional strength, decision-making, and academic adjustment. The findings can help parents, teachers, and mental health professionals create better family-based strategies to reduce stress and peer-related problems among students.

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Family Environment, Peer Pressure, Academic Stress

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The Bankruptcy and Bankruptcy Code of 2016 was enacted in order to convert India's current disjointed bankruptcy system into a rational, creditor-based, and time-sensitive insolvency resolution mechanism. By finishing the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process in 180 days, or up to 330 days if litigation is involved, it aims to prevent value erosion and enhance credit discipline. The key question in this study is whether the time-bound solution to insolvency under IBC is a true aspect of legislation or a practical illusion. The Supreme Court's judicial interpretation of timelines in important cases such as Innovative Industries Ltd. v. ICIC Bank, Swiss Ribbons Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India, and Committee of Creditors of Essar Steel India Ltd. v. Satish Kumar Gupta are covered, as are the rulings of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) and appeal courts. The report also examines real data from India's Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board, which demonstrates delays caused by complicated procedures, capacity issues, and litigation. It is challenging to consistently adhere to deadlines, even if the IBC has significantly improved recovery rates or credit culture compared to pre-IBC years. The study concludes that the time-bound resolution under the IBC is a reform in progress that requires institutional support, judicial restraint, and procedural efficiency to achieve the fundamental goal for which it was created. It is not entirely a chimera or anything.

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Insolvency Law Reform; Time-Bound Resolution; Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP); Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code, 2016; Time-Bound Resolution; Economic Efficiency.

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Efficient monitoring and control of entry and exit activities is essential for maintaining security within institutional and organizational environments. Traditional gate pass systems rely heavily on manual record keeping, which often leads to inefficiencies, delays, and increased risk of unauthorized access. This project presents a Web-Based Gate Pass Management System designed to automate and streamline the process of issuing, approving, and tracking gate passes in a secure and organized manner. The proposed system utilizes a centralized database architecture to manage user information, visitor records, vehicle details, and movement logs in real time. Role-based authentication mechanisms are implemented to provide controlled access for different users such as administrators, staff members, and security personnel. The system enables users to submit gate pass requests digitally, while authorized personnel can review and approve requests through an integrated workflow. Entry and exit activities are recorded automatically, ensuring accurate and reliable tracking of individuals and vehicles within the premises. By replacing traditional paper-based processes with an automated digital solution, the system significantly improves operational efficiency, transparency, and data accuracy. The implementation demonstrates reduced administrative workload, faster processing of gate pass requests, and enhanced security monitoring. The proposed system can be effectively deployed in educational institutions, corporate organizations, and industrial facilities to ensure secure and efficient gate management.

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Gate Pass Management System, Access Control, Web-Based Application, Security Monitoring, Role-Based Authentication, Visitor Management, Entry-Exit Tracking, Database Management System, Automated Approval Workflow, Institutional Security.

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Efficient irrigation is essential for global food security, especially in regions facing water scarcity and climate variability. Traditional irrigation techniques often depend on fixed schedules or manual decision-making, which frequently results in inefficient water usage and reduced crop productivity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides an innovative approach for improving irrigation management through predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, and automated decision systems. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the application of AI in irrigation systems aimed at improving water use efficiency and crop yield. A detailed review of recent literature is combined with a proposed AI-based irrigation framework integrating Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, machine learning models, and automated control systems. Experimental simulation results indicate that AI-driven irrigation strategies can reduce water consumption by approximately 30% while improving crop productivity by up to 20%. The research also discusses implementation challenges, economic feasibility, and scalability considerations for small and large agricultural operations. The findings highlight the importance of AI-enabled precision agriculture as a sustainable solution for modern farming systems.

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AI, IoT, sensors

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Keywords: caregiver burden, empathy fatigue, female caregivers, psychiatric caregiving, medical caregiving, compassion fatigue, caregiver stress

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The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in organizational processes is transforming the nature of work, employee roles, and human resource management practices. This study explores employee well-being in the AI era by examining perceptions of AI adoption, its psychological and professional outcomes, and the role of ethical HR interventions in fostering sustainable workplaces. Using a mixed-method research design, data were collected from employees across diverse industries to assess perceived job security, workload changes, skill adaptability, stress levels, and organizational support. The findings indicate that while AI enhances efficiency, innovation, and decision-making accuracy, it also generates concerns related to job displacement, performance surveillance, and skill obsolescence. Employees who reported higher organizational transparency, reskilling opportunities, and ethical AI governance experienced better well-being outcomes, including increased engagement and job satisfaction. The study highlights the critical role of HR in designing inclusive AI policies, promoting digital upskilling, and ensuring fairness and psychological safety. The research contributes to the emerging discourse on balancing technological advancement with human-centered organizational strategies.

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Artificial Intelligence, Employee Well-Being, Human Resource Management, Ethical AI, Workplace Transformation, Job Satisfaction, Digital Upskilling

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In her writings, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie looks at race, gender, and class as an uncomfortable subject to ignore. As a Nigerian author, she keeps highlighting how people of color survive these stereotypes. In her novel Americanah, she is defying and challenging these social norms, speaking and confronting sexism, race, and gender obscenely. She through the blog of Ifemelu, which is too sharp, loud, and honest in the novel, allows the cracks of racism to be visible. Race dominates the novel, gendered in hair, sex, and shame. The endless sensation of being stared at, evaluated, and modified made Ifemelu write in the novel because silence meant more powerlessness and subjugation. As it has been demonstrated in the novel, Black women are taught early on to be nice, be grateful, and quiet, but she insists on being loud in a consistent fashion. The blog is her disorderly protest in fury and sanity. She refers to things that people commonly deny to see, whether it's a slight insult or a casual cruelty that smiles and sneaks up. The bodies of the black women in the novel are shown as a resistance against stereotypical gaze where they are viewed as unexplored hypersexual entities, surveyed everywhere at work, in bedrooms, and of course, in the mirrors as well. Assimilation is sold as freedom and Blackness is commoditized, packaged and white comforted. Thus, this paper focusing on Americanah, through the life of Ifemelu suggests how narrating a story through digital Algorithms in Virtual Spaces could be a form of resistance challenging race and patriarchy.

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Key words: Race, Black women, Blog, Subjugation, Patriarchy, Assimilation, Virtual Spaces.

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The sudden and permanent integration of decentralized work arrangements has fundamentally altered the psychological landscape of the modern workforce. While hybrid models promise unparalleled flexibility, they simultaneously introduce severe cognitive stressors tied to digital tethering. This research paper leverages predictive analytics to empirically investigate the primary catalysts of occupational burnout among corporate professionals navigating these boundaryless environments. Utilizing an exploratory pilot sample of 30 respondents, the study applies Pearson Correlation diagnostics to evaluate the real-world accuracy of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework and the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory within the Indian corporate context. The statistical outputs indicate a moderate positive association between daily screen exposure and digital fatigue (r = 0.2510), alongside a comparable link between unmanageable task perception and exhaustion (r = 0.2921). However, the most critical discovery of this paper is the strong inverse correlation linking work-life balance erosion directly to severe burnout (r = -0.4277). These empirical findings confirm that the structural inability to disconnect from professional duties acts as the heaviest drain on employee resilience. The data proves that burnout in a hybrid setting is not just a factor of workload, but explicitly a symptom of destroyed psychological boundaries. Consequently, this signals an urgent need for organizations to implement strict boundary-protection policies rather than superficial wellness initiatives. By enforcing a strict "Right to Disconnect," human resource departments can effectively mitigate the predictive indicators of burnout before they lead to widespread human capital attrition.

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Occupational Burnout, Predictive Analytics, Hybrid Work, Work-Life Balance, Technostress

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This study examines the revenue pattern and future growth prospects of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) through a comprehensive analysis of historical financial data. The research is based on secondary data collected from annual reports covering the period 2016 to 2025. The primary objective of the study is to identify revenue trends, analyse growth behaviour, and project future revenue performance for the period 2026 to 2030. The study employs quantitative time series analysis techniques to evaluate historical trends and generate forecasts. The findings indicate a consistent upward trajectory in revenue, reflecting the company's strong market position, global expansion, and increasing demand for digital and IT services. The forecasted results suggest continued growth in the upcoming years, although the rate of increase shows signs of gradual stabilization. The study concludes that TCS demonstrates strong financial stability and sustainable growth potential. The findings provide valuable insights for investors, financial analysts, and management in understanding revenue dynamics and strategic planning for future expansion.

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Keywords: Revenue Forecasting, Time Series Analysis, Secondary Data, Financial Performance, Growth Trends, Revenue Projection.

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