Volume 14 | Issue 3

 Abstract

Livestock diseases pose a major challenge to farmers as they directly impact animal health, agricultural productivity, and economic stability. Early identification of diseases is essential to prevent the spread of infections and reduce losses. However, traditional diagnostic methods mainly rely on manual observation and veterinary expertise, which may not always be accessible in rural areas. To address this issue, this paper presents a deep learning-based livestock disease detection system that analyzes images of animals to identify possible diseases. The proposed system uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to automatically learn visual patterns associated with different livestock diseases. Farmers can upload images of affected animals through a simple web interface, and the system predicts the disease along with recommended remedies. The application integrates image processing, deep learning techniques, and database management to provide a practical and user-friendly solution for livestock health monitoring. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves reliable classification performance and supports faster disease identification. By enabling early diagnosis and timely treatment recommendations, the system can assist farmers in improving livestock management and reducing dependency on immediate veterinary assistance.

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Livestock Disease Detection; Deep Learning; Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); Image Classification; Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture; Animal Health Monitoring; Smart Farming

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Index Terms -- Machine Learning, Sustainable Transportation, Carbon Emission Analysis, Random Forest Regression, Green Mobility Index.

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Music has been closely connected with spirituality since ancient times. In many cultures, music is not only a form of artistic expression but also a powerful medium for connecting with the divine and achieving inner peace. In the Indian tradition, music is often viewed as a path to spiritual realization. The philosophical idea of Nada Brahma suggests that the entire universe is made of sound and vibration, and through music one can experience this universal energy .Indian music has deep roots in sacred texts such as the Samaveda, where hymns were chanted in melodic patterns for spiritual and ritual purposes. Over time, music developed into various classical and devotional forms that aim to elevate the mind and soul. Concepts like Raga are designed not only to create melodies but also to evoke specific emotions and spiritual moods. The influence of the Bhakti Movement further strengthened the relationship between music and devotion, as saints and poets used songs to express love and surrender to God. Through practices such as bhajans, kirtans, and devotional compositions, music became a form of spiritual practice and meditation. Thus, spirituality in music reflects the belief that sound and melody can transcend ordinary experience, helping individuals achieve emotional purification, inner harmony, and a deeper connection with the divine.

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Bhajan , Kirtan, Samaved, Devotional, Music, Bhakti, Spiritual ,Divine

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Cormac McCarthy's novel The Road presents a bleak vision of a devastated planet where the natural environment has almost completely collapsed. Through the journey of a father and his young son across a burned and silent landscape, the novel depicts the consequences of ecological destruction and the fragile persistence of human morality in a ruined world. This paper offers an ecocritical reading of The Road, examining how McCarthy portrays environmental collapse, the loss of biodiversity, and the moral dilemmas faced by human beings in a post-apocalyptic ecosystem. By analyzing the symbolic landscape, the transformation of human behaviour, and the ethical questions embedded in the narrative, the study argues that The Road functions as a powerful ecological warning about the consequences of human negligence toward nature. The paper also situates the novel within broader discussions of ecocriticism and the Anthropocene, demonstrating how McCarthy's work contributes to contemporary environmental discourse.

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Climate fiction, Ecocriticism, Post-apocalyptic fiction, Environmental crisis, Landscape

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This paper has discussed depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sexual functioning in people receiving chemotherapy but with special attention to the role of educational level and treatment stage. Thirty-five people did the Beck depression inventory (BDI), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Descriptive statistics indicated that participants who had higher levels of education reported lower levels of depressive symptoms but no difference was found in the levels of anxiety at different levels of education. The independent samples t-tests revealed that the levels of anxiety were significantly greater among participants in Stage 2 than in Stage 1, but there were no significant differences in depressive symptoms and sexual functioning between the stages. The Pearson correlation analyses established that depression and anxiety have a significant positive relationship (r =.675, p <.001), whereas sexual functioning related significantly to neither of the two psychological variables. Also, the length of chemotherapy had no significant correlation with depression, anxiety, and sexual functioning. These results indicate that psychological distress, especially the interrelation between depression and anxiety is a key problem of the patients undergoing chemotherapy, and other factors may affect sexual functioning and treatment time. The paper shows that regular psychosocial evaluation and combined interventions in cancer care are necessary to enhance the emotional state. Further research based on larger and longitudinal studies are advised in order to gain a clearer picture of the dynamics of psychological adjustment during the treatment of cancer.

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depression, anxiety, sexual functioning, chemotherapy, oncology, psychosocial adjustment.

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This research paper explores the pervasive manifestation of male hegemony within Indian fiction in English, examining how literary narratives mirror the systematic subjugation of women across physical, emotional, and socio-economic strata. Drawing upon the Gramscian framework, hegemony is defined as a preponderant influence exercised through society's superstructure, establishing a paradigm where the male figure serves as the "commander" and the female is relegated to the status of a "feeble sufferer". Through a critical analysis of seminal works by authors such as Amitav Ghosh, Arundhati Roy, Shashi Deshpande, and R.K. Narayan, this study illustrates how male dominance persists regardless of a woman's education or financial independence. The paper identifies recurring motifs of patriarchal violence, ranging from the drugged violation of bodily autonomy in Sea of Poppies to the institutionalized objectification by law enforcement in The God of Small Things. Furthermore, it investigates the fragility of the "male ego," particularly when confronted with female professional success, leading to domestic discord and sexual sadism as seen in The Dark Holds No Terror. By analyzing the spatial and social restrictions imposed on female characters--vividly depicted in the works of Deepa Anappara and Rita Garg--the research highlights a cultural "fixed formula" that demands women remain subordinate to maintain social harmony. Ultimately, the study concludes by advocating for a transformative shift in contemporary literature: the move away from the "epitome of sacrifice" toward the portrayal of the "New Woman"--a revolutionary, intellectually formidable figure who reclaims her existence from the "mild yoke" of traditional hegemony.

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Hegemony, Indian Fiction in English, Male Ego, Patriarchal Violence, The New Woman, Subjugation.

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Emotional maturity is the ability of an individual to manage their emotions effectively and respond to circumstances appropriately in social settings. This research study focuses on the emotional maturity of an individual and the relationship it has with their ordinal position or birth order in the family. It also explores the relationship between gender and emotional maturity and assesses whether the two common genders, i.e., male and female individuals, exhibit differences in emotional maturity. Further, the study also attempts to correlate the demographic areas with emotional maturity. An attempt has been made to identify these factors among individuals belonging to the age group of 17 to 22 years. In other words, students belong to the undergraduate level in colleges. The tool used to measure emotional maturity was the Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS - SB) by Dr. Yashvir Singh and Dr. Mahesh Bhargava. The statistical tests used were one-way ANOVA and t- test. The results show a correlation between gender and mental maturity, while the same lacks in ordinal position and demographic area with mental maturity

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Emotional Maturity, Ordinal position, First born, Middle born, Last born

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Here is a detailed introduction to address the issue of drug usage and addiction and its correlation with juvenile delinquency. The article also included some recent and important judgements by Hon'ble Supreme Court and High Courts of India which are acting as founding stones for the upcoming laws and policies in favour of youngsters. "Analysis of Data Indicating Role of addiction in criminality". The article discusses in detail regarding the authentic data collected first hand by research scholar and analysis based on those data. The analysis made in this chapter classifies that there is a direct and visible relation between addiction and criminal behaviour or criminality. "Comparative Study of Indian De- addiction Policies with other Countries". The article analyses over all drugs and addiction related laws of a country and also discusses policies in effect to curb substance abuse. "Critical Analysis of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance Act". The article provides that despite showing interest in the fight against drug and addiction, India took a long time in ratifying and implementing the obligations lay down by these three conventions.

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Juvenile delinquency, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance Act, Conventions, NCRB Report, De-addiction, War on drugs, Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), Integrated Rehabilitation Centre for Addicts, De-addiction centres, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

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Abstract:Swad bite is a web-based food ordering platform designed to simplify and digitize the process of purchasing meals the project focuses on providing a smooth and efficient experience for users who prefer quick and hassle-free services in their daily busy schedules instead of visiting restaurants or making phone calls customers can conveniently browse food options and place orders online within minutes the system allows users to view a variety of dishes along with their details pricing and descriptions customers can select their preferred items add them to a virtual cart and confirm their orders through an easy-to-navigate interface the website is developed using a responsive layout ensuring that it functions effectively on desktops tablets and smartphones without affecting performance or usability the main objective of swad bite is to transform the traditional food ordering approach into a modern digital solution by automating the ordering process the system minimizes manual mistakes reduces waiting time and enhances customer satisfaction additionally it assists restaurants in managing orders more efficiently leading to improved service quality and operational workflow overall swad bite demonstrates how web technologies can be utilized to create a reliable user-friendly and efficient online food ordering system that benefits both customers and restaurant businesses

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Mess Management System, Online Food Ordering System

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Abstract. The success of a school largely depends on its teachers, who are responsible for molding their students' moral, aesthetic, and intellectual personalities. Teachers must be resourceful and able to produce individuals who can apply their knowledge or experience in unfamiliar situations and think critically, creatively, objectively, discriminatively, and analytically. To explore students' creativity, the researchers attempted to examine secondary school students' creativity using a survey research method. A sample of 255 secondary school students was selected from four government and five private schools in Tamil Nadu, India. Data to assess the sample's creativity were collected by distributing the Passi Tests of Creativity along with the Test Manual. The study's key findings show that most school students had an average level of creativity.

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blocks test of creativity, consequences test, secondary school education, seeing problems test, square puzzle test, test of inquisitiveness, unusual uses test

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Tiphanie Yanique is a Caribbean American writer from Virgin Island. Through her novel Land of Love and Drowning, she depicted the trauma of female characters who are the heart and soul of real Caribbean history. The women are given enough space in this modern society, but still she is torn apart in the real make belief world. She is nurtured to endure in her own way. The circumstances built her soul rigid and tough. The female characters Anette, Eoene and Eve Youme raised questions in our minds whether women truly are freed from the patriarchal bonds which seemed to be the spinal structure of the society. Eoene had to witness the plight of her own baby who was thrown out off the balcony by her male counter part. Anette came to know the fact that Jacob was her half brother who became the father of her daughter Eve Youme. Eve Youme had to lead a life of a girl who happened to be the result of the insestual relationship. Women are bound by the double shadow of gender binaries. No one could save her from the ties of stereotypical image imposed upon her by the society. She is just like a ventriloquist's dummy as suggested by the post colonial theorist Gayatry Chakravokthy Spivak and she is either spoken of, or spoken at. Moreover by gender and class she is double binded. The coming generations should save the women from the shackles of binary opposition and epistemic violence. Through the essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" Spivak raised the question whether women have any space provided for her in the male dominated world. Her voice became unheard, she became voiceless. Her identity became marginalised somewhere in the corner. She had to come out of her shell. All these years she lived a life of a cocoon. Now its time for her to be in the world which is there out for her. Surely she could straightened her wings and able to come out in flying colours just like Eve Youme. She is the only woman who initiated the protest against the privatization of the natives'beach. This situation proved the need for the Spivak's concept of strategic essentialism. The whole society supported and followed her. She could become an icon in the world which always tried to marginalise her in one way or the other.

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Patriarchy, Voiceless, Stereotypical image, Subaltern, Ventriloquist's dummy, Gender binaries

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Hesperidin; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Nanotoxicology; Brine shrimp lethality assay; Zebrafish embryo toxicity

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Beach profiling is an important coastal study used to understand shoreline shape, sediment movement, and seasonal changes along a coast. This paper focuses on Vettukadu Beach, a dynamic coastal stretch influenced by wave action, tides, and monsoon patterns of the Arabian Sea. Monitoring such beaches helps identify erosion and accretion trends and supports sustainable coastal management. The study is based on field data collected from September to December, a period that includes post-monsoon and winter coastal conditions. During this time, variations in , sediment deposition, and beach slope are observed, allowing analysis of short-term seasonal changes in beach morphology. The collected data helps assess shoreline stability, sediment transport patterns, and the overall morphology of the beach, which are essential for coastal planning, hazard prevention, and environmental conservation.

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beach profile, sediment transport ,beach erosion ,mitigation method,beach properties ,vettcaud beach

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Developmental delay (DD) is characterised by significant lag in achieving age- appropriate milestones in motor, cognitive, speech- language and social domains. Ayurveda describes childhood growth and development under the concept of Samvardhana (physiological growth and maturation) and disturbances therein may be conceptualised as Samvardhana Janya Vikara. To review developmental delay from modern and Ayurvedic perspectives, correlate it with Samvardhana Janya Vikara and summarise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches including Panchakarma and Rasayana therapy. Ayurvedic management includes Medhya Rasayana, Ghrita preparations, Nasya, Abhyanga, Shirodhara, nutritional modulation. Ayurveda provides a holistic and individualised framework for understanding developmental delay. Integrative approaches combining early stimulation and Ayurvedic therapeutics may improve outcomes.

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Developmental Delay, Samvardhana Janya Vikara, Balrog, Medhya Rasayana, Panchakarma

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Increased interest in environmental degradation and the condition of climate have introduced a new issue that people are now focusing on sustainability in other fields such as libraries. The green building ideas focus on the environmentally aware and resource saving practices applied during the life cycle of a building. Social and educational institutions such as libraries are important in implementing and encouraging sustainable infrastructure and service. This paper has a descriptive and analytical review of the concepts, principles and elements of green building as expressed in the theses presented by Library and Information Science (LIS) across the globe nationally. The paper will analyze the fundamental elements of the green building including sustainable site selection, water conservation, energy efficiency, waste management and indoor environmental quality based on their main use in library buildings. The paper based on the analysis of the selected Indian and international LIS thesis determines the research trends, methodological approaches, and gaps in the literature. The results indicate that although the green and sustainable libraries are getting more and more familiarized with the idea, it is not practiced extensively and on a framework basis. The paper mentions that empirical research and policy based models are required to help toward making traditional libraries sustainable and green.

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Green Building, Sustainable Libraries, the Green Library Concepts, Library Science Theses, Sustainability

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Abstract: Model organisms are the indispensable tools in biological research, providing simplified, tractable systems for uncovering fundamental principles of life. Biological research depends on model organisms, species that are well-studied and experimentally accessible to uncover fundamental life processes. These models enable controlled experiments and genetic manipulation, allowing insights that often apply broadly due to evolutionary conservation. The choice of a model depends on the research question, genetic tractability, and relevance. Arabidopsis thaliana, a small, fast-growing flowering plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is the foremost model organism in plant biology. Being native to Europe and parts of Asia, this non-crop plant has become the model organism in many allied fields of Plant Sciences due to its short life cycle and small genome size. These characters have rendered it as one of the principal model systems. Additionally, numerous large T-DNA insertion mutant collections are available. The advent of molecular biology and the completion of the Arabidopsis genome sequence have contributed to helping researchers discover a large variety of mutants identified for their phenotypes. Arabidopsis is closely related to crops like cabbage and broccoli, and its rapid life cycle (5-6 weeks) and small genome make it ideal for genetic studies. Plants like Arabidopsis thaliana are used as "stand-in" objects for molecular, genetic, and physiological studies due to their simplicity and rapid growth. The present article emphasizes the key features of Arabidopsis thaliana to be used as a phytological model in conducting research in various fields of Plant Sciences like Genomic research.

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Arabidopsis thaliana, phytological models, Genetic Simplicity, Experimental Accessibility

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Abstract Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger (2008) presents a powerful narrative that exposes the socio-economic inequalities embedded in contemporary Indian society. Through the voice of Balram Halwai, a poor village boy who eventually becomes an entrepreneur in Bangalore, the novel reveals the harsh realities of poverty, class hierarchy, corruption, and moral degradation in a rapidly globalizing India. The narrative functions as a critique of the structural injustices that shape the lives of marginalized individuals while highlighting the contradictions of India's economic growth. This paper examines the various dimensions of social criticism in The White Tiger, focusing on class disparity, systemic corruption, caste hierarchy, and the socio-psychological mechanisms that sustain oppression. The study employs textual analysis and socio-cultural interpretation to analyze how Adiga uses satire, symbolism, and narrative structure to expose the darker realities of Indian society. The research also explores the symbolic significance of the "Rooster Coop" metaphor and the transformation of Balram Halwai as a representation of rebellion against oppressive structures. By examining the novel within the broader context of post-liberalization India, the paper argues that The White Tiger functions as a literary critique of economic globalization and its uneven social consequences. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that Adiga's work serves not only as a fictional narrative but also as a social document reflecting the complexities and contradictions of modern India.

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Keywords: Social criticism, class inequality, corruption, globalization, caste hierarchy, post-liberalization India, Indian English fiction

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Purpose: This research examines the transition of Human Resource Management (HRM) from traditional rational-performance paradigms to emotionally intelligent systems. It investigates the impact of emotional management on employee engagement, retention, and overall organizational performance. Methodology: The study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing a five-point Likert scale survey and qualitative analysis. Ten hypotheses were formulated to test the correlations between emotional intelligence (EI) training, managerial support, and workforce stability. Findings: Empirical results indicate that while emotional well-being is a primary driver of retention, over 65% of surveyed organizations lack formal emotional management policies. The study confirms that high managerial emotional intelligence significantly reduces attrition and enhances discretionary effort. Originality: The paper proposes a strategic framework that moves beyond financial incentives, advocating for the institutionalization of emotional intelligence within core HR functions.

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Emotional Management, Human Resource Management, Employee Engagement, Retention, Organizational Behavior, Emotional Intelligence.

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Handloom weaving is one of India's most important craft-based industries and represents the largest cottage industry in the country. It plays a crucial role in providing employment and income generator especially in rural and semi-urban areas, and is deeply rooted in the cultural heritage of regions like Tamil Nadu. Despite its significance, the sector faces numerous challenges threaten its survival. One of the major problems is the intense competition from power loom and machine-made fabrics, which are cheaper and produced more rapidly, making it difficult for traditional weavers to compete. In addition, weavers suffer from health issues due to long working hours and poor infrastructure conditions, along with low and unstable incomes that make it difficult to sustain their livelihoods. On the marketing side, issues such as poor-quality control, dependence on middlemen, and high competition further affect profitability and growth. These combined production and marketing challenges have placed immense pressure on the traditional handloom industry. This study explores the key problems faced by handloom weavers and stresses the urgent need for policy measures aimed at improving market access, providing financial and health assistance, promoting fair trade practices, and preserving the cultural and economic value of this age-old craft through targeted interventions.

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Handloom Sector, Production Problem, Marketing Problem, Training Programme, Financial Assistance.

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