Volume 14 | Issue 3

 Abstract

This article delves deep into the reconstruction of feminist perspectives in Indian English writing, stressing the importance of Women from the works of Indian writers who discuss the issues like identity crisis, gender equality, growth and protest within the India's complex socio-cultural framework. Starting with our pioneers who marked a privileged autonomy against the patriarchal traditions, as literature progresses to post-independence writers like Bapsi Sidhwa, Manju Kapur and Kamala Das, works focuses on the issues of sexuality, gender equality, marriage, identity crisis and generational clashes. Contemporary plots dynamically involved in the concepts of identity crisis and gender equality based--introducing how the concept of gender intersects with religion, class, caste and diasporic realities. This emerging literary framework shows the feminist recovery through ground-breaking techniques of storytelling, challenging tyranny with multi-layered, complex plot that reconstruct the Indian feminist narratives of the Self: Gender, Protest, and Identity. This paper delves into how the fiction has been written by the Indian women questions the pattern of gendered oppression. The concept of protest--both overt and covert--becomes a tool for women to repossess their identity. It discusses that these plot reflect an active process of reconstructing the self, where the focus on female moves from silence to expression, from oppression to assertion.

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Transformation, growth, freedom, Gender Equality, Identity

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Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), commonly known as green gram, is one of the most important pulse crops in India due to its nutritional value, short duration, and adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions. India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses globally, and mungbean plays a vital role in ensuring food security, soil fertility enhancement, and farm income diversification. This study examines the production pattern of mungbean in India through an economic lens, analyzing area expansion, yield trends, regional disparities, price dynamics, cost structures, and policy interventions. Using secondary data from national agricultural databases and published literature, growth rates and structural shifts are evaluated. The findings indicate that while the area and production of mungbean have expanded significantly over the past two decades, productivity growth remains uneven across states. Market price incentives, Minimum Support Price (MSP), irrigation access, technological adoption, and climate variability emerge as major determinants of production trends. The study concludes

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Mungbean, production Pattern,pulses , economic analysis ,productivity

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Aegle folia, derived from the leaves of Aegle marmelos (commonly known as Bael), is an important medicinal substance traditionally used in Ayurvedic and folk systems of medicine and later introduced into homoeopathic therapeutics. In homoeopathy, Aegle folia is prepared through potentization of the fresh leaves and is primarily indicated in disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and certain inflammatory conditions. Phytochemical constituents of Aegle marmelos leaves--including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils--support its pharmacological relevance, though in homoeopathy its therapeutic action is interpreted according to the principle of "similia similibus curentur" (like cures like) and individualized prescription.This article reviews the botanical profile, homoeopathic materia medica indications, and therapeutic applications of Aegle folia, aiming to integrate traditional knowledge with homoeopathic clinical experience and contemporary scientific perspectives.

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Aegle folia , bael , botanical part , Therapeutic indication , Homoeopathy

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The rapid growth of on-demand local service platforms has made users more reliant on digital systems to find service providers such as plumbers, electricians, and technicians. However, most existing platforms depend on star ratings and subjective reviews, which may not accurately reflect service reliability and long-term trust. Servitrust offers a trust-based local service discovery and matching system that focuses on real trust the system calculates a dynamic trust score for each service provider using objective factors including service completion, rate punctuality, repeat customer interactions, cancellation history, and complaint records. Based on this trust score service providers are ranked and recommended to users, ensuring fair visibility for reliable providers. The platform allows users to request services based on location and category while automatically suggesting the most trustworthy providers in real time. By prioritizing transparency and data-based trust evaluation, servitrust enhances customer satisfaction, reduces misleading reviews, and encourages responsible service behavior. The system is suitable for residential communities, campuses, and smart city environments.

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Trust Score, Local Service Platform, Dynamic Rating System, Complaint Validation, Service Lifecycle Management, Transparency.

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Complexes of the type [M(HL)2(H2O)2][where M=Fe(II) & Co(II); H2L=alpha mercapto phenylaceto hydroxamic acid] have been isolated by a metal ion catalysed template synthesis . The synthetic method involves the reaction of ethanolic solution of the alpha mercapto phenyl acetate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and metal chloride in the molar ratio 2:2:1 . The compounds have been characterized on the basis of analytical, infrared and electronic spectral, magnetic moment and molar conductivity data . Infrared spectral data show that the ligand acts as a bidentate uni negative ligand coordinating through sulfur and hydroxyl oxygen. Carbonyl oxygen and amidic nitrogen do not take part in coordination as corresponding bands in infrared spectra of the ligand and complexes appear at the same position. Molar conductivity of the complexes measured in nitrobenzene has been found to lie in the range 7-12 S cm2 mol-1 which indicate complexes to be nonelectrolytic in nature. Magnetic data 2 indicate Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes to be spin free paramagnetic suggesting octahedralstructure for the complexes which is also supported by the electronic spectra of the complexes.

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Keywords: Metal complexes, Schiff base ligands, Fe(II), Co(II), spectral studies, octahedral structure.

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Aircraft detection in aerial imagery is critical for civil and defense applications, yet it faces significant challenges, primarily due to the low resolution of images captured from long distances. These images often suffer from poor visibility due to adverse weather (fog, haze) and extreme variations in object scale, where aircraft may appear as just a few pixels. Deep learning models offer high accuracy but are often too computationally demanding for real-time deployment on resource-constrained platforms like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This review paper comprehensively examines the role of Knowledge Distillation (KD) as an effective solution to this trade-off. KD allows a small, lightweight student model to inherit the high accuracy and generalization capabilities of a large teacher model, thereby enhancing detection efficiency and robustness without compromising inference speed. We classify existing KD techniques, review their application in aerial object detection--particularly for small and rotated objects--and discuss key datasets and evaluation metrics, concluding with promising future directions for developing weather-adaptive and multi-sensor fusion KD frameworks.

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Knowledge Distillation

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One of the universal social structures is marriage. It was created by human society to govern and control human existence. It is a fundamental component of a community. Children learn about relationships and how to become citizens in their families. Children learn how to behave and be in the family, as well as what is expected of them in society. In society, marriage must continue to be the norm for family life. When over half of our children will be born into unmarried families within ten years, we cannot revitalize our nation. The goal of marriage is to bring a man and a woman together as husband and wife in a covenantal connection with their Creator on a spiritual, emotional, and physical level. Spiritually in the sense that fulfilling religious obligations will benefit one's soul. According to a legal dictionary, marriage is the state of being linked to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a contractual, legal, and consenting relationship that is only recognized and approved by the law. Legally speaking, marriage is a legally binding agreement between two people that unites their lives, assets, and sources of income. Marriage serves as a vehicle for carrying out religious obligations. It is considered a sacred connection. It is also regarded as the merger of blood and flesh. It is not a civil contract, but rather a religious sacrament. The family needs the state's complete protection because it is the essential and natural unit of society. Since marriage is the cornerstone of the family and the fundamental unit of society, it is particularly advantageous to society. It gives human interactions a great deal of stability and significance. It is still the best way to raise kids. It is crucial to passing on civilization and culture to the next generation. Marriage is a social institution of significant public importance and concern, not just a private agreement. A family and social relationships are built on marriage. A couple has a lot of obligations to society and the family. To put it another way, the freedom to marry is not unqualified; it must be balanced with other obligations.

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: Live-in Relationship, Marriage, Legitimacy.

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The emergence of social media platforms has significantly transformed modern marketing practices. Influencer marketing has become a dominant strategy through which brands connect with their target audiences in a more relatable and engaging manner. This research paper examines the impact of influencer attributes--credibility, expertise, attractiveness, and relatability--on consumers' purchase intentions. Furthermore, it investigates the mediating role of trust in shaping consumer decision-making. The study is based on primary data collected from 150 active social media users through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. Statistical tools such as correlation and regression analysis were applied to interpret the findings. The results reveal that credibility and expertise have the strongest influence on purchase intention, while trust significantly mediates the relationship between influencer attributes and buying behaviour. The study concludes that trust is the foundation of successful influencer marketing campaigns.

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: Influencer Marketing, Purchase Intention, Trust, Credibility, Social Media, Consumer Behaviour

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The present study empirically examines the relationship between Work-Life Balance (WLB) and Employee Motivation in the service sector, while investigating the mediating role of Job Satisfaction and the moderating role of Leadership Support. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory and contemporary work-life integration literature, the study adopts a quantitative, cross-sectional design. Primary data were collected from 212 service-sector employees in the Delhi-NCR region using standardized and validated measurement scales. Data were analyzed using reliability testing, exploratory factor analysis, correlation, regression, and bootstrapped mediation analysis through PROCESS Macro (Model 4). Moderation was tested using interaction-based hierarchical regression.

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Work-Life Balance; Employee Motivation; Job Satisfaction; Leadership Support; Mediation Analysis; Self-Determination Theory

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The world around us is always facing suffering, poverty, conflict, discrimination and misery. The Buddha's teaching is a hope for happiness, prosperity, peace, equanimity and contentment. In modern times man has invented and discovered lots of things and services for getting sensual pleasure. He has tendency to indulge in it and becoming more greedy, hateful and distressed. His mind is becoming monkey mind and full of cravings so he is creating and facing so many mental health issues. The objective of this study is to show the way to come out from mental distress through the teaching of the Buddha. We all know that the Buddha was the greatest social reformer, psychologist and psychotherapist in his time. The Buddha did not teach about false views, any religious rites or rituals to come out from suffering but he gave us noble truths of mind and universe. The Buddha heals so many people in his life time and provides them true knowledge of supreme bliss of Nibbana. Actually, Buddhism is an education for mental culture and insight, not a religion for practicing mere rites, rituals and ceremonies in the social life. Culture is needed if it is helping us to develop ourselves in the practice of Dhamma, otherwise it may turns in religious dogmas and superstitions. By studying the Pali Suttas and modern knowledge of medical science and psychology, we can understand that still the Buddhist concept of mental health and liberation from suffering is felt valid and suitable in modern time. The title finds out that some Pali Suttas contains psychological aspect of man and provide proper therapeutic modalities to heal problems of mental and behavioral disorders. Modern psychology not only developed in the field of understanding mental activities but is treating mental and behavioral disorders. It also studied the positive mental states and provides techniques to develop them. In Buddhism, mind, behavior and activities are classified in wholesome and unwholesome actions and told about result of them. But still we have not developed systematic, rational and scientific healing modalities to heal mental and behavioral disorders for achieving mental health and positive psychological stages. We yet could not sanction and dignify Buddha's teaching in the field of psychotherapy. Buddhist meditation retreats and practicing morality became a part of Buddhist way of life or culture. Nevertheless, we should do some scientific research of the Suttas and present healing modalities to treat mental and behavioral disorders to make humanity mentally and physical healthy. The title finds out information through the study of Pali Sutta and Abhidhamma literature. This information would be helpful for further research and development on this subject.

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Consciousness, mind, mental health, psychology, psychotherapy

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Dissociative experiences are states of the human mind wherein one's thoughts, feelings, behaviors and memories can become split-off from one another. This may enable individuals to temporarily avoid distressing stimuli. Dissociation, thus, relies upon a person's primary response to stress or acts as a distorted coping strategy to demanding circumstances. This investigation aims to explore the relationship of Dissociative Experiences with Subjective Sleep Quality, Internet Addiction and Cyberbullying Victimization. A total of 205 female young adults completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale - II (Carlson & Putnam, 1993); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse et al., 1989); Internet Addiction Test (IAT) (Young, 1998) and Cyberbullying Victimization (CBV) Scale (Lee et al., 2017). Only those qualifying the cut-off for DES-II scale were included into the sample for the correlational analysis (N=122). The demographic data, academic information and online habits were taken a note of. t-test and Pearson correlational analysis were applied to identify the differences and associations between the psychological variables. The results showed significant differences as well as associations were found between the Dissociative experiences on subjective sleep quality, internet addiction and cyberbullying victimization. These conclusions could help forth in clinical assessment, prevention and awareness efforts, while ameliorating the under-recognition of dissociation among Indian youth.

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Cyberbullying victimization, Dissociative experiences, Internet addiction and Subjective sleep quality.

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The art of storytelling is as old as the time of evolved human species from the ruins of extinct ones. Story encapsulates a life time or a moment of life in a narrative web of thoughts and impressions. Storytelling inspires generations of people to think and ponder over the issues related to existence and essence. It is one of the most suitable medium though which thoughts and philosophies can easily be conveyed. Many related genres like exemplums, anecdotes, parables carry an iota of story in them to get their purpose fulfilled. When it comes to feministic thought, Indian feminism carries a different identity and modality than the western feministic thought in its relation to society and gender disparities where women are give identities which are not actually suitable for them. Indian feministic thought is a rich and evolving intellectual tradition that reflects the complex social, cultural, and historical realities of the country. Rooted in both indigenous philosophies and global feminist movements, Indian feminism addresses issues unique to the subcontinent--such as caste, class, religion, colonial history, and rural-urban disparities--while also advocating universal principles of gender equality, justice, and dignity. Indian feminism not just limited to psycho feminism or socio feminism but it incorporates various premises on which society stands itself. In order to understand the scenario in which Indian women exist, one needs to understand entire fabric of socio political and economic structure, otherwise, the understand remains to a limits sphere of narrowed biased vision. Among the multitude of Indian women thinkers, Bilkees L Latif stands apart when it comes to understand the community in which she was born. She represents the society in which women have been given little freedom to express and their identities are entwined with the identities of men counterparts. She resurfaces the women who defined their own times and carved out a niche in annuls of power realms. She founds her interest in understanding the challenges those women who faced in totally male dominated spheres of politics and administration.

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Key terms: Indian Feminism, Power structures, Gender roles, Identities, Male politics, Conformity.

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Keywords : Mercury toxicity, environmental contamination,interns, amalgam separator,high volume suction,safe exposure limit, awareness, knowledge, attitude

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This academic article examines how adaptive technologies improve learner engagement in higher education by personalising learning, providing immediate feedback, and using mastery-based pathways. A scoping review of 69 studies found that 59% reported better academic performance and 36% reported increased engagement. Key mechanisms such as gamification and personalisation are used in programs like Connect LearnSmart, which can raise grades by 25%. Despite these promising results, challenges like technological barriers, costs, digital divide and equity gaps, data privacy concerns, and faculty resistance persist. The paper stresses that hybrid models combining adaptive digital preparation with synchronous instruction, along with faculty training, equity assessments, and ethical governance, are essential for scalable, inclusive adoption. Future directions include innovations such as generative AI tutors, immersive VR/AR simulations, affective computing, and long-term research to verify sustained benefits and equity outcomes. Overall, adaptive learning technologies are shifting education from traditional lectures to a more student-centred approach, with great potential to enhance behavioural, emotional, and cognitive engagement when implemented thoughtfully and ethically. When used carefully, they can increase students' participation, interest, and deeper understanding of the learning process.

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Adaptive learning, student engagement, Higher education, AI personalisation, personalised pathways, learning analytics, educational technology, retention rates.

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Architecture has evolved significantly in response to cultural, environmental, and technological changes. This research examines architectural transition focusing on history, sustainability, and digital innovation in the built environment. Traditional architecture emphasized cultural identity and craftsmanship, while modern architecture focuses on functionality and efficiency. Sustainable architecture reduces environmental impact through energy-efficient designs and eco-friendly materials. Digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling and computer-aided design improve architectural accuracy and performance. The study uses literature review and comparative analysis. Results show that integration of sustainability and digital innovation improves building efficiency and environmental performance. Future architecture will depend on the integration of historical knowledge, sustainable practices, and digital innovation.

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Architecture evolution, Sustainable architecture, Digital architecture, Built environment, Smart buildings, Green buildings, BIM, Digital innovation

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking established therapeutic targets, making an accurate molecular classification a key research interest. Although computational methods of classification using molecular data are increasingly adopted, limited multi-omics availability remains a major analytical challenge. This study aims for a flexible machine-learning framework to classify TNBC using genomic, transcriptomic, and multi-omics data, enabling independent analysis of incomplete data. Public TCGA-BRCA resources were utilized, including genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical metadata for TNBC status annotation and model development. Individual genomic and transcriptomic data were independently processed and subsequently integrated using matched sample identifiers. ML models were trained on genomic, transcriptomic, and integrated datasets using consistent train-test splits. Logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and XGBoost were evaluated using ROC-AUC, recall, F1-score, accuracy, and runtime, with recall emphasized to improve TNBC detection sensitivity in this imbalanced dataset. Multi-omics integration provided the most desirable discriminative ability, the ROC-AUC of which was 0.95. In all modalities of data, the logistic regression provided the most reliable balance between TNBC recall, discrimination, computational efficiency, and model stability. Optimization of the probability decision threshold further improved TNBC sensitivity with insignificant effects on overall classification. This study indicates that the TNBC classification may be effectively aided by machine-learning models capable of operating under partial or complete multi-omics availability. The framework was deployed through a Streamlit-based web application for demonstrating research purposes. Overall, this study introduces scalable and interpretable TNBC classification and strong translational relevance using multi-omics machine learning.

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triple-negative breast cancer, multi-omics, machine learning, genomics, transcriptomics.

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India, the world's largest democracy, functions through a well-established electoral system that ensures representation of the people. Free and fair elections are the foundation of democratic governance. However, challenges such as criminalization of politics, the influence of money power, voter apathy, and misuse of media have affected the quality of elections. Electoral reforms have been introduced from time to time to strengthen democratic values, improve transparency, and ensure accountability in the electoral process. This paper examines the concept of electoral reforms, major reforms introduced in India, and their impact on strengthening Indian democracy. The study is based on secondary sources such as books, journals, constitutional provisions, and reports of the Election Commission of India.

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Electoral Reforms, Democracy, Indian Constitution, Governance, Elections

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The proliferation of misinformation across social media platforms has necessitated the development of advanced automated detection systems capable of handling multimodal content. While early fake news detection approaches relied on handcrafted linguistic features and unimodal deep learning models, recent research has shifted toward multimodal transformer-based architectures that enable joint reasoning over textual and visual information. This survey provides a comprehensive review of fake news detection methods, with a particular emphasis on multimodal transformer frameworks developed recently. We present a structured taxonomy that categorizes detection approaches into traditional machine learning, deep neural text models, CNN-based multimodal systems, unimodal transformers, and state-of-the-art multimodal transformer architectures. The survey further examines the transition from binary classification to fine-grained misinformation detection, highlighting the importance of cross-modal alignment and semantic consistency modelling. Comparative analysis demonstrates that multimodal transformers consistently outperform earlier paradigms due to their cross-modal attention mechanisms and shared representation learning capabilities. In addition, we identify key research challenges, including dataset bias, annotation subjectivity, adversarial robustness, computational scalability, and explainability. Emerging directions such as multimodal large language models, causal reasoning frameworks, graph-enhanced architectures, and lightweight deployment strategies are discussed to outline future research opportunities. This survey synthesizes recent advances and provides a unified analytical framework and research roadmap for advancing multimodal transformer-based fake news detection toward robust, interpretable, and real-world deployment-ready systems.

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Multimodal Fake News Detection, Multimodal Transformers, Fine-Grained Classification, Vision-Language Models, Misinformation Analysis.

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Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by disturbances in perception, cognition, emotional regulation, and behaviour. Increasing scientific evidence suggests that structural and functional abnormalities in the brain play a crucial role in the development and manifestation of the disorder. The present study examines the role of neuroimaging techniques in understanding schizophrenia and explores the relationship between neuroimaging findings and clinical symptom severity. A quantitative, descriptive, and correlational research design was adopted. The study included 17 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, comprising 9 males and 8 females. Symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), while neuroimaging data were obtained from clinical records including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the distribution of symptom severity across positive, negative, and general psychopathology domains. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to examine gender differences, and Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze relationships among symptom variables. The findings indicated that both male and female patients demonstrated comparable levels of symptom severity. Although females showed slightly higher mean scores across PANSS domains, these differences were not statistically significant. Correlation analysis revealed strong relationships among symptom domains but no significant association between gender and neuroimaging outcomes. The study highlights the importance of integrating neuroimaging findings with standardized clinical assessments to improve understanding of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging provides valuable insights into the biological basis of the disorder and supports the development of more comprehensive diagnostic and treatment approaches.

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Keywords: Schizophrenia, Neuroimaging, PANSS, MRI, CT Scan, PET Scan, fMRI, Symptom Severity, Mann-Whitney U Test, Spearman Correlation.

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This study examined the reintegration experiences of former members of the Communist Party of the Philippines-New People's Army (CPP-NPA) who availed themselves of the Philippine government's Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program (E-CLIP) in the Province of Cagayan. The research aimed to determine the current state of life of Balik-Loob beneficiaries in terms of self-adjustment, community intervention, and government assistance. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twenty (20) identified Balik-Loob recipients. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret participants' lived experiences. Findings revealed significant life changes among participants following their surrender, primarily motivated by their desire to reunite with their families and pursue a peaceful life. Government assistance through E-CLIP provided financial support and livelihood opportunities that facilitated reintegration. Community acceptance also played an important role in their adjustment. The study concludes that E-CLIP has contributed positively to the reintegration of former rebels in Cagayan, although sustained institutional and community support remains essential to ensure long-term stability.

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Balik-Loob, E-CLIP, reintegration, former rebels, CPP-NPA

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