Volume 14 | Issue 3

 Abstract

1. Introduction: In Ayurveda, Artava encompasses both the internal follicle (Antah-pushpa) and external menstrual blood (Bahir-pushpa). The Artava Chakra (menstrual cycle) serves as a vital indicator of female reproductive health and the functional integrity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis. Artava Kshaya, characterized by delayed cycles (Yathochita Kaala Adarshanam) and scanty flow (Alpa Pravrutti), is the ancient precursor to modern Oligomenorrhea and Hypomenorrhea. 2. Aims and Objectives: This paper aims to elucidate the physiological phases of the menstrual cycle in relation to the Tridoshas and provide a phase-specific management protocol to rectify Artavadusti (specifically Artava Kshaya) and optimize fertility (Garbhasambhava Samagri). 3. Materials and Methods: Information was synthesized from classical Ayurvedic texts (Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Bhavaprakasha), contemporary medical literature, and research journals to correlate ancient wisdom with modern endocrinology. 4.Review of Literature: The Rutuchakra consists of three phases: o Rajasravakala (Menstrual): Driven by Apana Vayu, focusing on Srotovishodhana (cleansing). o Ritukala (Proliferative): A 12-day period of Kapha dominance where the Yoni remains open for Bija (sperm) reception, correlating with follicular growth. o Rutuvyatita Kala (Secretory): A Pitta-dominant phase where the Yoni constricts, preparing the endometrium for implantation. 5.Discussion: Menstrual health depends on Dosh Samya (homeostasis). Artava Kshaya arises from a Vata-Pitta imbalance, often where Vata/Kapha obstruct the channels. Clinical management involves a "Phase-Alignment" protocol: warm/light foods for Vata (Phase 1), nutritive/bulking foods for Kapha (Phase 2), and cooling/calming measures for Pitta (Phase 3). Disruption of this biological clock leads to "Phase-Mismatch" disorders. 6.Conclusion: Modern lifestyle stressors and dietary imbalances trigger Vikruti (abnormality) in the Artava Chakra. By treating the menstrual cycle as a chronobiological system and aligning lifestyle with the dominant Dosha of each phase, we can effectively manage infertility (Vandhyatva) and restore reproductive harmony.

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Dosha-Gati, Srotovishodhana, Hormonal Synergy

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The increasing complexity of modern software development demands efficient and reliable methods for ensuring code quality. Traditional manual code reviews, while valuable, are often time-consuming, errorprone, and unable to keep pace with rapid development cycles. Existing automated tools provide static rule-based analysis but lack adaptability, context-awareness, and real-time feedback. To address these challenges, this project proposes CODE SAGE AI, an intelligent code review platform that leverages artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) to provide automated, context-sensitive, and real-time feedback on source code

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AI,ML,CODE REVIEW,WEB APP

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The National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 is a landmark initiative by the Government of India aimed at ensuring food security and reducing hunger, particularly among vulnerable populations. The key features of the Act include provision of subsidized food grains, inclusion of vulnerable populations, empowerment of women, and strengthening of the public distribution system (PDS). However, the NFSA faces several implementation challenges, which include accurate identification of beneficiaries, urban-rural coverage disparities, inadequate infrastructure and manpower in Anganwadi centers, and poor storage facilities leading to food grain losses. Moreover, governance issues, corruption, and lack of coordination among agencies further complicate implementation, while environmental and agricultural factors such as climate change, water scarcity, price fluctuations, and limited crop insurance also affect food production and supply. In this context, this study highlights that addressing these structural, administrative, and environmental challenges is essential for making the NFSA effective and ensuring equitable and sustainable food security for all citizens in India.

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Food Security, NFSA, Right to Food, Challenges, Governance, Climate Change.

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To achieve long-term, sustainable growth, businesses are increasingly adopting "Green HRM," a relatively new concept in management that describes the incorporation of eco-friendly practices within the HR department. This study is also to learn about Green HRM practices that can help company in employee retention. The survey includes responses from 220 workers at MSMEs. Employee retention was analyzed, focusing on "Green" initiatives such as green training and development, green recruiting and selection, employee engagement and communication, a green workplace, and rewards and recognition. Based on standardized regression coefficients, the influence of green training and development and work environment on employee retention is most substantial among other Green HRM practices.

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Green HRM, Employee retention, Sustainability

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Crop yield prediction has become an essential component of modern agriculture as farmers and policymakers increasingly rely on data-driven technologies to improve productivity and ensure food security. Machine learning techniques represent a significant advancement over traditional statistical approaches, as they can analyze complex agricultural datasets and identify patterns that influence crop growth and yield outcomes. This review study examines how crop yield prediction systems are developed using machine learning algorithms, focusing on components such as data acquisition, feature extraction, model training, and predictive decision support. It highlights important capabilities including predictive analytics, adaptive learning from historical agricultural data, and integration of environmental variables such as soil properties, weather conditions, and satellite imagery. Based on recent research between 2018 and 2025, commonly used models such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Networks, Gradient Boosting, and Deep Learning approaches are explored. These techniques demonstrate significant potential in supporting agricultural planning, optimizing fertilizer and irrigation management, and improving crop production forecasting across diverse farming environments. However, several challenges remain, including limited availability of high-quality agricultural datasets, variability in climate conditions, computational complexity of large-scale models, and the need for interpretable predictions that farmers and agricultural stakeholders can trust. The findings emphasize the growing importance of hybrid predictive frameworks that combine machine learning, remote sensing technologies, and agricultural data analytics to enhance model accuracy and reliability. Future research directions include integrating Internet of Things (IoT) devices, cloud-based agricultural platforms, and explainable artificial intelligence methods to support transparent and scalable decision-making systems. Overall, this paper presents a comprehensive review of machine learning approaches for crop yield prediction, highlighting architectural patterns, performance capabilities, and strategic solutions for building reliable agricultural intelligence systems that can enhance productivity and sustainable farming practices.

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Crop Yield Prediction, Machine Learning, Precision Agriculture, Agricultural Data Analytics, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Networks, Decision Support Systems, Smart Farming.

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Spectrum Of Histopathological Lesions Of Prostate With Clinical Concordance At A Tertiary Care Hospital Name of authors: Dr. Shivani Divecha, 3rd year resident, Dr. Nisarg Shah, 3rd year resident, Dr. Riddhi Sheta, 3rd year resident, Dr. Swapan Goswami, Professor. Affiliation: Department of Pathology, S.B.K.S. Medical Institute & Research Centre Vadodara, Gujarat. Email: shivanidivecha1811@gmail.com ,Ph no:8238708282 Background: Prostatic lesions are common with advancing age and often present with similar lower urinary tract symptoms, making clinical differentiation between benign and malignant conditions difficult. HPE is therefore essential for definitive diagnosis. Aim & Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of histopathological lesions of prostate and assess their clinical concordance at a tertiary care facility. Methodology: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Dhiraj Hospital. A total of 61 consecutive patients with prostatic lesions were included during the study period from December 2024 to October 2025. Prostate biopsy specimens were processed routinely and examined histologically. Relevant clinical findings were recorded and prevalence of various prostatic lesions was calculated. Results: Benign prostatic hyperplasia with acute or chronic inflammation was the most common lesion, accounting for 54% of cases, followed by benign prostatic hyperplasia without inflammation in 31% cases. Malignant lesions comprised 13% of cases. The most commonly affected age group was 61-70 years. The youngest patient was 37 years old, while the oldest being 82 years. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation remains the gold standard for diagnosis of prostatic lesions. Benign prostatic hyperplasia with inflammation is the most frequent finding. Accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial for appropriate clinical management and prognostication.

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Prostate, Histopathological lesion

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RelayRescue is an Android application designed to provide a method of communication in instances when cell towers and the internet are unavailable. RelayRescue uses Wi-Fi Direct and Bluetooth to form a device-to-device mesh network via direct connections. This network can then be used to send SOS messages across multiple devices, transmit messaging, and transmit location data. The app had a big SOS button for instant alert activation, and most interestingly, offline APK sharing. This allows the application to be shared as peer to peer, in the near future (ad-hoc network), to multiply the nodes of the network. All communications are end-to-end encrypted. It has power optimization also. RelayRescue enables robust communication in simulated disaster scenarios, with 10-20 devices communicating over distances of about 100-200 meters over 4 to 6 hops. Compared to existing systems, the app emphasizes ease of use for end users while also supporting natural growth of the network through peer-to-peer propagation. RelayRescue can provide resilient, infrastructure-free mobile communication service to continue community resilience.

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Emergency mesh networking, Wi-Fi Direct, Bluetooth, Peer-to-peer, Disaster response.

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Inflammation is a multifactorial biological response implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous acute and chronic disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune syndromes. Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain the cornerstone of anti-inflammatory therapy, their prolonged administration is frequently associated with gastrointestinal ulceration, renal dysfunction, hepatotoxicity, and cardiovascular complications. Proquazone, a non-acidic NSAID belonging to the pyrazolone class, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity with relatively reduced gastric irritation compared to classical acidic NSAIDs. However, limitations in long-term safety, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic behavior have stimulated the search for structurally optimized analogues. Pyrimidine is a privileged heterocyclic scaffold widely employed in medicinal chemistry due to its favorable electronic configuration, hydrogen-bonding potential, metabolic stability, and versatility for structural modification. Incorporation of the pyrimidine nucleus into proquazone-like frameworks represents a rational strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while mitigating adverse effects. In recent years, pyrimidine-based proquazone analogues have emerged as promising candidates in anti-inflammatory drug discovery. This review comprehensively discusses the medicinal chemistry of pyrimidine-based proquazone analogues, including pharmacological background, design rationale, synthetic methodologies, structural characterization, structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis, molecular mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic considerations, challenges, and future perspectives. Emphasis is placed on rational drug design strategies integrating bioisosterism, molecular hybridization, and computational modeling to facilitate the development of safer and more selective anti-inflammatory agents.

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Pyrimidine; Proquazone analogues; Anti-inflammatory agents; Medicinal chemistry; COX inhibition; Structure-activity relationship; Drug design

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Women entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant driver of inclusive economic growth in India, particularly within the framework of the Digital India initiative. This paper investigates the role of digital technologies in enabling and transforming women-led entrepreneurial ventures over the past decade. Enhanced digital infrastructure, increased internet accessibility, and the proliferation of e-commerce platforms, social media, and mobile applications have expanded opportunities for women to establish, manage, and scale businesses across sectors such as fashion, education, beauty, and technology. The study adopts a qualitative research approach based on an extensive review of secondary literature and selected illustrative case studies to examine the impact of government initiatives and digital tools on women entrepreneurship. While digitalization has created a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem, women entrepreneurs continue to face challenges including limited access to finance, inadequate digital skills, and persistent socio-cultural constraints. The findings reveal that strategic use of digital platforms has enabled women to overcome traditional barriers, leading to sustainable enterprises, enhanced market access, and improved financial independence. The paper emphasizes the need for targeted policy interventions, structured digital skill development programs, and inclusive institutional support to strengthen women's participation in the digital economy. The study contributes to existing literature by highlighting the intersection of digital empowerment, entrepreneurship, and gender equity in contemporary India.

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Women Entrepreneurs, Digital India, E-commerce, Government Schemes, Digital Literacy.

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ABSTRACT : The present research focuses on the formulation and evaluation of non-effervescent floating matrix tablets of Raltegravir Potassium intended for controlled drug release. Raltegravir, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor used in HIV therapy, exhibits optimal absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract, making it a suitable candidate for gastro-retentive delivery. Floating matrix tablets were prepared using hydrophilic polymers such as HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M and Xanthan gum in varying concentrations. The formulations were evaluated for physicochemical properties, in-vitro buoyancy, drug release, release kinetics, and stability. Optimized formulations demonstrated prolonged floating time, controlled drug release up to 12 hours and stability under accelerated conditions. A combination of these polymers produced favorable results. F13 formulation showing the highest effectiveness in all aspects . This study offers valuable insights into the formulation and characterization of a controlled drug delivery system for Raltegravir Potassium using these hydrophilic polymers, In conclusion, swelling polymers like xanthan gum, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M have proven effective in formulating controlled-release floating tablets of Raltegravir.

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Raltegravir Potassium, Floating drug delivery system, Non-effervescent tablets, Controlled release, HPMC,Xanthan gum

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Agriculture plays a vital role in meeting the increasing food demand of the growing population. However, traditional farming methods often require extensive manual labor and time, which can reduce overall efficiency. To address these challenges, this paper presents the design and development of a Solar Powered Multi-Purpose Agricultural Robot capable of performing multiple farming operations such as seed sowing, water spraying, grass cutting, and land drilling. The proposed system is powered by a rechargeable battery supported by solar energy, making it an energy-efficient and eco-friendly solution. The robot is controlled using an Arduino-based control system integrated with motor drivers, DC gear motors, and a Bluetooth communication module for wireless operation. A rocker-bogie wheel mechanism is implemented to enable smooth movement across uneven agricultural terrain. The system also incorporates a seed dispensing unit, water pumping mechanism, and a high-torque motor for grass cutting operations. Experimental testing of the prototype demonstrated stable movement, reliable wireless control, and effective execution of farming tasks under normal field conditions. The developed robot reduces human effort, saves time, and improves operational efficiency in small-scale agricultural activities. This system provides a cost-effective approach toward smart farming and can be further enhanced with advanced technologies such as IoT-based monitoring and autonomous navigation.

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Agricultural Robot, Solar Power, Smart Farming, Seed Sowing, Water Spraying, Grass Cutting, Arduino Uno, Bluetooth Control, Automation, Precision Agriculture

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This article in a comparative and contrasting manner, covers the two prominent types of banks in India, viz. the public and the private banks, and the emphasis here is on the attitudes of the two types of banks towards the corporate social responsibility (CSR). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) forms a critical aspect of good corporate governance and the banking sector leads in this segment due to the implications that the sector holds in terms of societal development. As the public sector banks (PSBs) are owned by the government, their corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity has a greater chance of covering national development aspirations such as education, infrastructure in the rural areas, and financial inclusion. Conversely, the banks in the private sector are more strategic, and brand image, environmental sustainability, innovation with regards to digital literacy and improvement in health act as their core drive. This paper looks at the similarities and differences between the CSR approaches of the two sectors and brings out the major differences in the approaches used, the allocation of resources, and the means of assessing the benefits and analysing its usefulness. These findings confirm that PvSBs can be more flexible, innovative, and even orient corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards the demands of business rather than being too closely attached to hierarchical and process-oriented paradigms such is the case with PSBs. To enforce greater CSR practice, the paper also addresses the challenges that both industries experience and proposes ways in which the two industries can collaborate and incorporate the sustainable development goals. A still further in-depth understanding of the phenomena of CSR in the sphere of the Indian banking industry can be attained with the assistance of the given comparative analysis.

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Corporate Social Responsibility, Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, India, Banking Sector, CSR Implementation, Sustainable Development, Financial Inclusion, CSR Impact, Strategic CSR.

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Magical realism is one of the literary genres. The use of magical realism is strongly observed among Latin American writers. Since the seventies and eighties, magical realism has had a strong influence on international literature and later it started to be seen in Bengali literature as well.

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Magical reality, Latin America, Paranormal, Ring, Mysticism, Devil, Satire, Angel, Invisible

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In today's digital world, freelancing has become an important source of income for many professionals, while businesses depend on freelancers for short-term and project-based work. However, existing freelancing platforms often face problems such as lack of trust, delayed payments, poor communication, and complex processes. To overcome these issues, the proposed system "Freelancers Marketplace" provides a secure and centralized web-based platform that connects clients and freelancers efficiently. The system allows clients to post projects, review freelancer proposals, communicate project-wise, and make secure payments. Freelancers can browse projects, submit proposals, manage their work, and receive payments through a wallet-based coin system. An admin module is included to monitor users, projects, and transactions. The proposed system improves transparency, reduces manual effort, and ensures smooth collaboration between clients and freelancers.

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Project Posting, Proposal Handling, Secure Wallet Payment, Centralized Communication, Admin Monitoring

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Pond soil and aquatic weeds play a vital role in maintain freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity, providing essential resources for drinking water, irrigation, and fish farming. This study was conducted at Khop Taal pond in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The objective was to examine seasonal changes in soil characteristics and aquatic weed dynamics. Five sampling sites were selected in different zones such as near the agricultural area (S1), Fort (S2), Khop village (S3), Niwari village (S4), and Pump house (S5). The study spanned two years, from November 2022 to October 2024, spanning the winter, summer, and monsoon seasons, to understand changes over time. Soil samples collected from all sites were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, including Texture, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Chloride, Total Alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Sodium, and Potassium. Aquatic weeds were sampled using the quadrat method to determine species density and distribution. Six main species were identified such as Alternanthera blitum, Cyperus rotundus, Ipomoea aquatica, Nelumbo nucifera, Pistia crassipes, and Trapa natans. The results revealed seasonal fluctuations in soil quality and weed abundance and their impact on ecological characteristics.

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Khop Taal, Soil Texture, Physicochemical, AquaticWeeds, Ecology.

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The mass media have seen a drastic evolution in the last few years, with a shift of power from traditional television to the rapidly growing Over-the-Top (OTT) streaming platforms. Traditional television was considered the most powerful and Dominant medium to shape opinions and create awareness. The emergence of OTT or digital platforms has changed the audience's consumption from following a schedule for watching content to on-demand content access, multi-screen consumption, and algorithm-driven content delivery. This Study focuses on the Structural, technological, and Industrial shift from television to OTT platforms through the theoretical concepts like Media Dependency theory, Uses and Gratification Theory, Technological Determinism, and Participatory Culture. It also critically analyses the changing revenue pattern, like SVOD and AVOD, and the change in content production, Localization, and differences between the OTT Originals and Television Serials. The study examines the shifting audience behavior based on binge-watching, multi-screen viewing, and shifting viewing habits. It underscores cultural globalization by way of global content consumption, heightened social representation, and new regulatory frameworks. Other ethical issues examined in the study include the privacy of data, bias in algorithms, corporate concentration, and political influence. It concludes by stating that television is changing into a platform-based system, and the future of mass media is a hybrid system, personalized, AI-driven, and globally connected.

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Television, OTT platforms, On Demand, Mass Media Evolution, Theoretical Concepts, Participatory culture, The Medium is the Message, Subscription model, Localization, Mass media, binge-watching, AI-driven Algorithm, Hybrid Model.

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Dysmenorrhoea is a common condition and refers to painful menses (menstruation) with severe cramping affecting the lower part of the abdomen which is a common complaint among adolescents and women of reproductive age. The pain is described as a sharp, intermittent and spasmodic pain and can be classified as mild,moderate or severe.Pain starts several hours before or with the onset of menses and lasts for1-3days.The pain and frequency there of might decrease with age or after childbirth.This study was conducted with 30 samples(2ndsemesterB.Sc.Nursing students)in quantitative approaches, Quasi experimental with one group pre -test post-test design, sampling selection was done by purposive sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit the knowledge of 2nd semester B.Sc. Nursing student.at IGKC College of Nursing, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. This study was revealed that nursing students according to the findings, in pretest 20% nursing students had poor knowledge and 80% had average knowledge, in post-test 33.33% had average knowledge and 66.67% had good knowledge. The mean knowledge score of pre -test is 11.1 and standard deviation was 2.07. the paired "t" value is 23.18 and "p" value is 0.05.

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Assess,Effectiveness,structured teaching programme,knowledge, Dysmenorrhea ,B.Sc. Nursing students

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Work-life balance has become an important factor influencing employee productivity and organizational performance in modern workplaces. This study examines the impact of work-life balance strategies on employee performance in the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The research is based on primary data collected from 110 employees through a structured questionnaire. Various statistical tools such as percentage analysis, Chi-square test, Likert scale, and mean ranking method were used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that heavy workload and lack of organizational support are the major factors affecting work-life balance. The study concludes that effective work-life balance policies help improve employee satisfaction, reduce stress, and enhance productivity. Therefore, organizations should strengthen employee welfare measures and flexible work policies to improve overall performance.

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Work-Life Balance, Employee Performance, Insurance Sector, LIC Employees

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Parenting plays a very important role in shaping child's psychological behaviour and emotional development. In developmental psychology, various types of parenting styles have been recognised. Among them, authoritative parenting style is being identified as most supportive parenting style. Despite, authoritative parenting style has been widely acknowledged by the parents, they experience practical difficulties in implementing authoritative parenting style consistently in their daily life. This study is to understand the challenges faced by the parents in the contemporary family context while practicing authoritative parenting. Qualitative research has been done to understand in depth lived experience of the parents in their parenting journey through a semi structured interview method. Data is thematically analysed to understand recurring pattern of challenges with respect to time constraints due to personal and professional life conflict,managing emotional regulation, difficulties in balancing warmth and behavioural control, and inconsistency in maintaining discipline. The study suggests although, the parents are aware about the importance of authoritative parenting due to external and internal stressors it creates a gap between parental ideal and actual parenting. It is very important to understand these challenges to develop counselling interventions, parent training programmes, family support system for promoting effective parenting strategies and build a strong parent child relationship.

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Parental challenges, Authoritative Parenting, Emotional Regulation, Parental Stressors, Qualitative Research, Parent Child Interaction, Child development.

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Brand Storytelling, Consumer Preferences, Luxury Beauty Products, Brand Image, Emotional Connection, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Luxury Branding, Influencer Marketing, Digital Marketing Strategies

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