Volume 14 | Issue 3

 Abstract

Due to COVID-19, remote learning has revealed the institutional weaknesses of available online assessment tools when it comes to allegations of academic misconduct. To address this, ExamShield is a novel intelligent AI-based exam platform online which employs a secure architected browser based machine training strategy to deliver remote proctoring. The ExamShield platform can detect a cheating activity by using the MediaPipe and Tensorflow.js including changing tabs, turning your back on the camera, a second or more faces in the camera view, and covering the camera with an object. ExamShield platform has a dual-role architecture, which is teacher and student-friendly, and has an elaborate violation tracking system related to automatic reporting and advanced post-examination reporting. Besides, the initial testing showed that face-detection part had an accuracy of 94.7% and multiple-face-detection part had an accuracy of 92.4% but tab-switch-detection part had a 100-percent reliability. ExamShield offers a low-cost, scalable, and privacy-conscious service of both maintaining academic integrity and offering an optimal user experience due to the innovative combination of full-stack web technologies and AI-on-the-client-side and the protection of user privacy. ExamShield is also another solution to the requirement of secure and reliable remote assessment environment in the educational institutions as well as in the companies in the form of their training programs.

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Academic Integrity, Artificial Intelligence, Cheating Detection, Machine Learning, Online Proctoring, Real- time Monitoring, Remote Examination, Web-based Assessment

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Morphometry, Drainage Density, Hypsometric Integral, RS-GIS, Ton River Basin, Vindhyan Plateau.

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Gestational weight gain, Breastfeeding initiation, Cesarean section, Antenatal exercise, BMI

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The CNC machine which was introduced in the late 1970s has improved its utilization drastically over the years. The goal of the project is to design a cost-effective three-axis CNC plotter machine with multiple applications. The 3-axis plotter machine works with the use of a stepper motor, Arduino UNO and microcontroller software. Its framework involves mechanical system design, wiring and software tools. The principle behind the plotter machine is computer numerical control which gives input to the plotter from a computer program. The Arduino UNO and CNC shield drivers enable consistent and accurate step control of stepper motors. The Inkscape is utilised to transform any desired picture into a Gcode file for the machine to work.

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Arduino, CNC, stepper motors, Inkscape software, G-code file

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The Kalama Sutta (Anguttara Nikaya 3.65), one of the most celebrated discourses in the Pali Canon, presents the Buddha's exhortation to the Kalama people to evaluate teachings not by tradition, lineage, or authority, but by their observable consequences in one's own experience. This paper argues that the epistemological and pedagogical framework embedded in the Kalama Sutta offers a profound and practical model for fostering critical thinking in contemporary higher education. Drawing on Buddhist philosophy, educational theory, and neuroscience, the paper explores how the Sutta's ten criteria for evaluating knowledge map onto modern pedagogical approaches such as inquiry-based learning, Socratic dialogue, and reflective practice. It also examines institutional challenges to implementing such a framework, including epistemic dependence, authority bias, and the cultural dimensions of learning. By positioning the Kalama Sutta as a trans-historical guide to intellectual maturity, the paper calls for a renewed engagement with Buddhist epistemology as a resource for transforming university education.

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The Indian cement industry, being the second-largest in the world, is a critical driver of infrastructure and economic development. However, it faces persistent challenges such as long lead times, high inventory costs, operational inefficiencies, and waste across the supply chain. This paper explores the application of lean manufacturing principles, particularly Value Stream Mapping (VSM), as a strategic tool for optimizing supply chain management in cement manufacturing. Through a detailed case study of a medium-scale cement plant in India, the study identifies key supply chain wastes--overproduction, waiting, transportation, inventory, motion, over-processing, and defects--and proposes a future-state VSM to streamline material and information flows. The findings reveal that VSM can significantly reduce lead times, lower inventory levels, improve throughput, and enhance customer satisfaction. Despite implementation challenges such as capital investment and resistance to change, the study underscores the transformative potential of lean supply chain practices in achieving operational excellence and sustainability in the Indian cement sector.

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supply chain management, cement industry, lean manufacturing, value stream mapping, India, process optimization, waste elimination

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This research study focuses on the coverage of rural issues in Indian regional newspapers. Rural India forms a major part of the country's population, and newspapers play an important role in informing citizens about social, economic, and political developments in villages. The purpose of this research is to examine how regional newspapers report rural matters, what types of issues receive attention, and whether the concerns of rural communities are presented in a fair and detailed manner. The study analyses the nature of rural reporting by examining factors such as the frequency of coverage, depth of information, focus on development issues, representation of farmers and marginalized groups, and the balance between event-based news and analytical reporting. It also observes whether rural problems such as agricultural distress, lack of infrastructure, unemployment, healthcare, education, and local governance are discussed in a meaningful way or only reported as isolated incidents. The findings suggest that while regional newspapers regularly include rural news, much of the coverage tends to focus on daily happenings, government announcements, and political activities. In-depth investigations and data-based reporting on rural development are comparatively limited. This research highlights the important role regional newspapers play in shaping awareness about rural India. At the same time, it emphasises the need for stronger, more detailed, and people-centred reporting to ensure that rural issues receive the attention they deserve.

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Rural Issues, Indian Regional Newspapers, Rural Journalism, Media Coverage, Rural Development, Agricultural Distress, Infrastructure, Healthcare, Education, Local Governance, Farmers, Marginalized Communities

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The primary focus of this research is to analyze the bearing capacity and settlement behavior of strip footings on soft soil slopes. Footings near slope edges are often subjected to different stress distributions due to slope instability,. This study simulates the impacts of several types of loads, footing distance from the slope edge, and slope angle using the finite element method (using PLAXIS software). Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing geotechnical designs, particularly in hilly terrains or near embankments, where stability and bearing capacity are vital concerns. The bearing capacity of footings is a critical aspect of geotechnical engineering, affecting the stability and safety of structures. Extensive research has been conducted on footings placed on homogeneous soils, but in practice, soils are often layered, with different properties in each layer. Research has focused on improving understanding of alluvial soil slope, especially in without improved layers, impact the bearing capacity and settlement of footings.

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Bearing Capacity, Strip footing, Soil Slope, Soft Soil, Finite Element Method, PLAXIS

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The goal of this research is to explore the link between the music preferences and personality traits of GenZ in India. With the rise of globalization, digital technologies, and cultural diversity among youth, this research will also examine how emotional regulation, social factors, background or cultural identity and level of exposure to the world also impact the choice of music.The data for this research was collected from primary sources by implementing a structured online questionnaire, to young people in India aged 18 to 27, with analysis being performed using SPSS. The analysis has indicated that personality traits, emotional regulation, social influence and globalisation strongly impact music preference. Conversely, demographic characteristics have little impact, highlighting the complex relationship with music and GenZ in India.

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Music Preferences, Personality Traits, Emotional Regulation, Social Influence, Cultural and Linguistic Influence, Influence of Globalisation

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This paper presents the design and development of a mobile electrostatic pesticide sprayer for horticultural applications. The system uses an electrostatic charging mechanism to electrically charge pesticide droplets, enabling better adhesion to plant surfaces and improved spraying efficiency. An Arduino UNO and Arduino Nano are used to control the spraying mechanism and system operation. The developed prototype sprays pesticide over the upper portion of plant leaves while reducing chemical wastage and human exposure. The proposed system demonstrates a simple and cost-effective approach for improving pesticide application in small and medium-scale agricultural fields.

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Electrostatic Spraying, Precision Agriculture, Pesticide Application, Agricultural Robotics, Arduino-Based Automation, Smart Farming

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This Project describe the design and implementation of real-time ultrasonic radar with target launcher integration using Arduino technology. The system employs an ultrasonic sensor to detect objects by transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving their echos to calculate the distance of the target. A servo motor is used to rotate the ultrasonic sensor enabling scanning of a wider area and simulating radar-like operation. The detected distance and angle information is processed using the Arduino platform and programmed through Arduino the IDE. The system output is displayed on LCD providing real-time visual feedback of object position and distance. When an object is detected within a predefined range, a target launcher mechanism is automatically activated, demonstrating an effective combination of sensing and action. This project offers a low-cost and practical approach to understanding embedded systems, sensor interfacing, automation and real-time monitoring with potential applications in security systems, robotics and obstacle detection.

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Real Time Ultrasonic Radar with Target Launch Integration System: Ultrasonic sensor scans the object in 180 degree, LCD display shows target detected, the Arduino uno activates the missile launcher at same direction, the missile is launched automatically on detected object.

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The evolution of Indian English poetry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was marked by linguistic adaptation, cultural negotiation, and increasing participation of women writers. Among these early contributors, Sarojini Naidu emerged as a Seminal figure whose lyrical poetry intertwined aesthetic beauty with cultural representation and emergent expression of female subjectivity. Often celebrated as the ''Nightingale of India'', Naidu's poetic practice demonstrated how women could forge a voice in English while articulating indigenous experiences, social realities, and evolving gender consciousness. This paper examines Naidu's contribution to Indian English poetry by situating her work within the theoretical frameworks of post- colonial literature and feminist criticism. Through a review of scholarship and close readings of select poems such as ''In the Bazaars of Hyderabad'' and ''The Bangle Sellers'', this study explores how Naidu's lyricism, thematic choices and cultural imagery helped shape nascent tradition of Indian women's voices in English poetry. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates how her poetic vision provided cultural precedents for later women poets such as Kamala Das and others, thereby laying early groundwork for subsequent interventions in gendered poetic expression.

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Key Words: representation, emergent, female subjectivity, aesthetic beauty, demonstrated, indigenous experiences, gender consciousness, social realties, Kamala Das, interventions.

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Lokdhara Se Juda Hindi Sufi Kavya :Sankrutik Aayam

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Lokdhara Se Juda Hindi Sufi Kavya :Sankrutik Aayam

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This paper focuses on performance, improvisation, and editing in the film of Hirokazu Kore-eda by suggesting that his approach to editing consists essentially of an ethics of listening. Although the studies of Kore-eda have focused on humanism, familial structures, and narrative minimalism as the main aspects of films, the role of editing in reaction to performance but not in control has received little attention. By comparing and contrasting some of the filming sequences of Shoplifters, Broker and Nobody Knows, this paper suggests the idea of the so-called responsive-editing to explain how Kore-eda has made his unique style. The paper, which uses film-philosophy, performance theory and ethical spectatorship, illustrates how long takes, shots of deferred reactions and elliptical continuity enable performances, particularly of children and non-professional actors to develop with autonomy. The paper states that the editing done by Kore-eda creates an ethical space where viewers are welcomed to listen and not judge. By doing so, the paper adds to the wider discourses of performance-based editing and ethics of cinema in the modern East Asian film practice.

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Kore-eda, editing, performance, improvisation, ethical cinema, spectatorship, Japanese cinema

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Burn injuries are one of the most common types of trauma encountered in clinical practice, characterized by varying degrees of skin and tissue damage. The management of burns involves controlling pain, preventing infection, and promoting skin regeneration. This case study shows the effective Homoeopathic treatment of a second-degree partial-thickness burn using Cantharis vesicatoria 200C. A 24-year-old female accidentally poured boiling water on her right calf region, resulting in a burn area covering approximately 4.5% based on the Rule of Nine. The lesion appeared reddish, shiny, and moist, with severe burning pain. Based on the acute totality, Cantharis vesicatoria 200C was prescribed and topical dressing using Cantharis mother tincture was done at the day of presentation. Subsequent follow-ups demonstrated progressive improvement, reduction in erythema and pain followed by dryness, peeling, and complete epithelialization by the third week. The wound healed completely without scarring or secondary infection.The VAS score improved from 9 to 0. The Modified Naranjo Criteria score improved from 7 to 9, suggesting a positive causal relationship between the remedy and clinical improvement. The healing process corresponded with typical wound healing phases, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling. Cantharis vesicatoria demonstrated rapid anti-inflammatory and reparative action by modulating the body's immune response and facilitating epithelial regeneration. This case highlights the therapeutic potential of individualized homoeopathic management in burn injuries, demonstrating effective pain relief, prevention of complications, and complete tissue restoration without scar formation.

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Keywords: Burns, Cantharis vesicatoria, second-degree partial-thickness burn

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The Cattle and Buffalo Detection System is an advanced artificial intelligence-driven framework designed to automate the identification and classification of livestock, specifically distinguishing between cows (cattle) and buffalo. As livestock plays a foundational role in global agriculture and milk production, the manual management of these animals is often hindered by significant time investment and the high probability of human error. This project addresses these inefficiencies by utilizing a sophisticated pipeline of image processing and machine learning techniques.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cognitive Automation , o Visual Perception , Machine Learning (ML) and Pattern Recognition , o Pattern Learning , o Algorithmic Frameworks

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on selected physical fitness variables among college women players. To achieve the purpose of the study thirty women players were selected from Mother Terasa College of physical education, during the year 2026. The subject's age ranges from 18 to 22 years. The selected players were divided into two equal groups consists of 15 women players each namely experimental group and control group. The experimental group underwent aerobic exerciseprogramme for eight weeks. The control group was not taking part in any exercise during the course of the study. Flexibility and agility were taken as criterion variables in this study. Pre-test was taken before the exercise period and post- test was measured immediately after the eight week exercise period. Statistical technique't' ratio was used to analyze the means of the pre-test and post test data of experimental group and control group. The results revealed that there was a significant difference found on the criterion variables. The difference found is due to aerobic exercise given to the experimental group on flexibility and agility when compared to control group.

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Aerobic Exercise, Physical Variables, Flexibility and Agility

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The vision of Viksit Bharat @2047 reflects India's long-term commitment to becoming a developed, inclusive, and knowledge-driven nation by the centenary of its independence. Education occupies a central place in this national aspiration, as sustainable development and social inclusion are unattainable without an equitable and high-quality education system. In recent years, India has undertaken significant reforms in education, especially the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, through digital learning platforms expansion of competency-based curricula, and Learner-centric pedagogy. These reforms aim to move the systems beyond rote learning towards holistic development, critical thinking, creativity, and skill-oriented. However, alongside these positive developments, the rapid growth of shadow education comprising private coaching centres, tutoring services, and exam-oriented preparatory institutions has emerged as a serious challenge. Shadow education increasingly reinforces exam-centric Learning, unhealthy competition based on memorization, often undermining the broader educational objectives envisioned under NEP 2020. Drawing on an extensive review of scholarly Literature and policy documents, this paper critically examines how the expansion of shadow education exacerbates educational inequity, promotes further marginalization disadvantage learners, and weakens the focus on character building, vocational education, and life skills. The study highlights structural challenges, such as unequal access to quality schooling, commercialization of education, and the growing disconnect between formal education and national development goals. By situating these challenges within the broader framework of Viksit Bharat @2047, this paper argues that unchecked shadow education jeopardizes inclusive growth and social equity. The paper concludes by offering policy-oriented recommendations to strengthen public education, regulate supplementary education, and realign learning practices with holistic, value-based, and skill-oriented outcomes essential for building an empowered and developed India by 2047. Coordinated approach between policy reforms and emerging educational trends is essential for sustainable and equitable national development

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Viksit Bharat @2047, Shadow Education, National Educational Policy 2020, Educational Equity

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The housing finance sector in India has emerged as a critical driver of economic development, fuelled by rapid urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and government initiatives such as the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY). Despite housing loans constituting nearly 50% of the retail credit portfolio of banks, the borrower experience regarding the loan availment process remains inconsistent. This study scrutinizes the disparity between the growing availability of credit and the procedural complexities borrowers face, ranging from eligibility assessment to final disbursement. Utilizing primary data collected from 100-120 respondents in urban and semi-urban areas, this research evaluates borrower awareness regarding documentation and eligibility norms. The study further investigates the operational dichotomy between Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which often rely on manual verification, and Private Sector Banks/HFCs that leverage digital tools for faster turnaround. The findings identify critical challenges such as hidden charges, documentation hurdles, and delayed processing as major impediments to borrower satisfaction. The research concludes that while regulatory measures like the Key Fact Statement have been introduced, significant gaps in financial literacy and transparency persist, necessitating urgent process rationalization

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Housing Finance, Borrower Perception, Loan Processing, Financial Literacy, Home Loans, Borrower Satisfaction.

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Abstract: Varanasi is among the oldest and holiest cities in India, characterized by a multifaceted religious identity deeply rooted in spiritual traditions. Over millennia, it has evolved as a centre for diverse religious beliefs, rituals, and pilgrimages. In Hinduism, Varanasi is known as "Kashi" or the "Indestructible City," where death is regarded as a path to salvation, granting the city a unique position in India's religious landscape. The city's religious identity revolves around the Ganges River and its ghats, where daily pilgrim activities include bathing, worship, and ritual performance. The belief that performing last rites at Manikarnika and Harishchandraghats leads to salvation further establishes Varanasi as a distinctive spiritual centre. The Kashi Vishwanath Temple, one of the twelve Jyotirlingas and a major Shiva shrine, attracts thousands of devotees daily. Surrounding temples, ashrams, and religious institutions enhance the city's sacred atmosphere. While primarily a Hindu centre, Varanasi also maintains significant historical connections to Buddhism and Jainism. Nearby Sarnath is the site of Gautama Buddha's first sermon, a pivotal event in Buddhist history. The region is also sacred as the birthplace of several Jain Tirthankaras. Consequently, Varanasi represents a living religious and cultural landscape where multiple traditions, rituals, and pilgrimages coexist. It remains one of the world's most important holy cities, integrating religious beliefs, spiritual practices, and historical heritage.

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Sacred Space, Religious Landscape, Cultural Pluralism, Religious harmony, Varanasi, Sarnath,

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