Volume 14 | Issue 3

 Abstract

Superconductivity, characterized by zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields, remains a cornerstone of condensed matter physics with transformative technological potential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of both theoretical and experimental developments in the field. We discuss foundational models, including the London, Ginzburg-Landau, Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS), and Eliashberg formalisms, as well as unconventional approaches such as the Resonating Valence Bond (RVB) theory, which address strong correlations and non-phonon pairing mechanisms. The review covers a broad spectrum of materials, from conventional low-temperature metals to high-temperature cuprates, iron-based superconductors, hydrogen-rich compounds under extreme pressure, and novel systems including twisted bilayer graphene, nickelates, two-dimensional materials, and topological superconductors. Key challenges for practical applications such as, cryogenic requirements, mechanical fragility, limited current-carrying capacity, fabrication difficulties, and vortex dynamics, are examined, alongside emerging strategies in scalable fabrication, vortex pinning engineering, and cryogen-free technologies. We also highlight the role of superconductors in quantum technologies, particularly superconducting qubits and topological platforms. Finally, we outline future directions, emphasizing material discovery, theoretical refinement, and engineering innovations aimed at achieving room-temperature, ambient-pressure superconductivity.

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Superconductivity; Meissner Effect; High temperature superconductors

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India has undoubtedly immense talent for a population of 1.4 Billion people, but the stage and opportunities have not always been available. The importance of exercise and sports in influencing people's physical and emotional well-being has come to light more and more in recent years. In recent years, there have been immense efforts to promote gender equality in sports, but still, a lot of hurdles still exists in this field. We have witnessed the rise of some of the leading names on the world stage, such as P.V.Sindhu, Saina Nehwal, Mira Bai Chanu, Mary Kom, Dipa Karmakar, Mithali Raj, etc. Though there has been a lot of progress in eliminating gender stereotypes, there are still gaps in the sports industry, especially when it comes to opportunities and involvement for women and girls. In recent years, there has been a continuous efforts to promote gender equality in sports, but still, a lot of barriers still exists for women athletes like economic, sociocultural, male domination, sexual abuse and harassment, lack of family support, and a multitude of other issues. To shed light on the challenges faced by women and girls in the sports industry and to explore opportunities for positive change and inclusivity, "Beyond the Field: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities for Women and Girls in Sports and Physical Education" develops into the many facets of this complex issue. hope that this conversation will work as a spark for conversation, awareness, and action as we set out on this trip "Beyond the Field." Together, we can strive towards a time where all women and girls have equal access to exciting fields that include sports and physical education and may flourish, achieve, and take on leadership roles by acknowledging the obstacles and opportunities for positive change globally.

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 Keywords

Women Empowerment, Gender Stereotypes, Sociocultural and Economic.

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Emotion regulation is defined as "the processes by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express these emotions." Gross, J. J. (1998). This study investigates the prevalence and distribution of emotion regulation strategies--Suppression, Dysregulation, and Integrative regulation--among a sample of university students (N = 59). Utilizing a single-factor ANOVA and independent samples t-tests, the research examined whether significant differences exist between gender groups and across different regulatory domains. Results indicated no significant difference in the mean scores across the three domains, suggesting a balanced use of regulatory strategies within the student population. This study investigated the patterns of emotion regulation among university students (N = 59) using the Emotion Regulation Inventory (ERI). The research specifically examined three domains: Suppression Emotion Regulation (SER), Dsyregulated Emotion Regulation (DER), and Integrative Emotion Regulation (IER). The objective was to determine if students prioritize specific regulatory strategies and whether these patterns differ by gender. Results from a single-factor ANOVA indicated no significant difference between the three domains, F(2, 174) = 0.23, p = .79, suggesting that students employ a diverse repertoire of strategies. Furthermore, descriptive analysis of total raw scores (M = 50.61, SD = 7.01) showed remarkable consistency across gender groups. These findings suggest that academic emotion regulation is a multi-faceted process not dominated by a single behavioral approach, highlighting the need for holistic emotional support in higher education.

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Emotion Regulation Inventory, Academic Stress, Suppression, Dysregulation, Integrative Regulation, University Students.

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The G-20 is an intergovernmental forum that primarily provides global economic cooperation to low- and middle-income countries. The group's primary goal was to focus on global economic stability, but it was also created to cover a range of other issues, including climate change, sustainable development, agriculture, health, education, anti-corruption, trade, environment, etc. It started with 19 developed and developing countries and the European Union, but in 2023 the African Union was added as a member, bringing the group to 21 members. Since its inception, each member country has been responsible for organizing a conference every year and has been trying to highlight and resolve various issues in the world. Similarly, India is hosting the G-20 summit in Delhi on 9-10 September 2023 and is hosting the G-20 summit. Now the question is, what is India's role in this? The main objective of this research paper is to explore this path. This research paper uses primary and secondary data such as books, articles, scholars journals, research papers and observation of current situations as sources. The paper has followed quantitative and qualitative methods.

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G-20, India, global economy, climate change, sustainable development,

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India has experienced rapid growth in digital payment systems, including UPI, debit and credit cards, internet banking, and mobile banking. While these platforms have improved financial inclusion and transaction efficiency, digital financial frauds have also increased significantly. This study analyzes the growth of digital payments and fraud trends in India from 2020-21 to 2023-24 using secondary data from RBI reports. The findings indicate that although transaction volume and value have grown substantially, fraud cases and the amount involved have risen disproportionately. The study emphasizes the need for stronger regulatory measures, technological safeguards, and consumer awareness to ensure secure digital transactions.

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Digital Payments, E-Payment Systems, Financial Frauds, UPI Transactions, Cyber Fraud, Digital Banking, Fraud Growth Rate, Transaction Volume, Fraud Amount, RBI Reports, Cash-Lite Economy, Financial Inclusion, Cybersecurity, QR Code Payments, AI-Based Fraud Detection.

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Most college students today spend the bulk of their day sitting in lectures, at desks, or on screens. This lifestyle entails real health costs, and finding effective, uncomplicated ways to exercise is increasingly important. This study looked at how plyometric training exercises, built around explosive, spring-like movements such as jumping and hopping, affect the cardiovascular health and body fat by taking a case study approach of 30 female students at NIT Calicut. Over six weeks, the students were split into three groups of performing high-intensity plyometrics, low-intensity plyometrics, and as control. Both exercise groups ended the programme with noticeably lower resting heart rates -- a reliable sign of a stronger, more efficient heart. Body fat levels, however, did not change significantly, which points to the well-established pattern that cardiovascular fitness improves faster than body composition in short-term programmes. The takeaway is encouraging: plyometrics requires no equipment, fits easily into a student's schedule, and produces measurable heart health benefits in just six weeks. For a generation of young people whose academic lives are largely sedentary, that is a practical and accessible place to start.

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Plyometric Training, Heart Health, Resting Heart Rate, Body Composition,

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The present study examines the working conditions, job stress, and work-life balance of employees working in day and night shifts in spinning mills in North Tirupur City. The study aims to understand how shift work influences employees' health, productivity, and personal life. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using simple statistical tools. The findings indicate that workload and shift timings contribute to employee stress and affect work-life balance. The study concludes that improving working conditions, providing stress management support, and implementing proper shift scheduling can enhance employee well-being and organizational productivity.

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Shift Work, Day Shift, Night Shift, Spinning Mill Employees, Working Conditions, Job Stress, Work-Life Balance

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ABSTRACT: Background: Inflammation underlies numerous acute and chronic diseases. Homoeopathic Belladonna has been traditionally indicated for inflammatory conditions; however, clinical evidence remains limited. Objective: To evaluate the clinical anti-inflammatory effects of Homoeopathic Belladonna in patients with inflammatory conditions using biochemical and standardized clinical parameters. Methods: An observational pilot study was conducted on 65 patients with inflammatory conditions. Creative protein (CRP) was used as the primary objective marker. Pre- and post-treatment findings were statistically analysed using paired t-test and Z-test. Results: Clinical improvement was observed in 56/65 patients (86.15%). Significant reduction in CRP levels was noted (p < 0.001), with most elevated baseline values returning to near-normal levels. Most patients demonstrated improvement in both clinical presentation and biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Homoeopathic Belladonna demonstrated statistically significant anti-inflammatory effects in this pilot study. Large scale randomized controlled trials are required for further validation.

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Keywords: Homoeopathy; Atropa belladonna; Anti-inflammatory effect; C- reactive protein

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Abstract : The project evaluates two architectural design methods which use artificial intelligence tools and traditional engineering software. STAAD.Pro was used for structural analysis while Microsoft Excel was utilized for calculation tasks. The development team created an AI chatbot using Chatbase technology to support design operations. The study assessed three main factors which included accuracy and efficiency and design time requirements. The findings demonstrate that AI technology boosts work efficiency however traditional software remains essential for conducting detailed analysis and validating result.

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Structural Engineering, Conventional Software, Chatbase, Chatbot.

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Contemporary Punjabi poetry is the poetry of diverse poetic discourses. The capitalist system, which has penetrated from the external world into the inner world of human beings, has inscribed new concerns on the canvas of our lives--consumerist cultural concerns, feminist concerns, Dalit concerns, diasporic concerns, self-centered concerns, political concerns, the concerns of an economy racing behind material goods, ritual-free religious concerns, and psychological concerns filled with contradictions. The sensitivity, originality, investigative vision, and sincere attitude of contemporary Punjabi poets appear to engage in dialogue with these concerns. These dialogues shape and reveal the identity of the contemporary human being.

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Dialogic Discourses of Contemporary Punjabi Poetry

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Now a days Solar Energy is very useful. Many people are using solar panels, but they don't know how to use solar panels correctly due to lack of knowledge about panels. In this project "Dynamic Generative AI Framework for Smart Solar Panel Efficiency Enhancement" an assistant is introduced, to help users understand solar panels easily. Users can give inputs as per their doubts such as panel condition and any queries. Then Assistant analyses the inputs and gives best tips in a simple natural language in bilingual language. This system uses Gemini-2.5-Flash large language model through its API key to generate human-like text based on panel condition, location. Overall, this project gives an hallucination rate of 20%, ROUGE-L score of 78% and METEOR score of 80%. This confirms effectiveness of Gemini-2.5-flash model in generating solar maintenance tips.

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Solar Energy, Solar Panels, AI assistant, Panel efficiency, Gemini-2.5-Flash, Bilingual suggestions

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This study evaluates the impact of a self-instructional on knowledge and attitudes towards the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine among school students in Bhopal, India. Recognizing HPV a leading cause of cervical cancer mortality in women, the study aims to bridge the knowledge gap related vaccination amongst adolescents. A quantitative pre-experimental design was utilized, involving 200 students (ages915) who pre- and post-test following the intervention. Results indicated a significant increase knowledge scores (from 11.2 to 21.96, p < .) and a shift in attitudes, with % of participants achieving an adequate attitude post-intervention. Notably, demographic factors such as place of residence significant correlations with baseline scores. The findings endorse the self-instructional booklet an effective tool for improving vaccine, highlighting its for integration into health curricula for cervical cancer.

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HPV Vaccine, Cervical Cancer, Self-Instructional Booklet, School Students, Knowledge, Attitude, Bhopal

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National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a historic and far-reaching reform initiative in India's education system. Its objective is not to limit education only to academic achievement but to connect it with social responsibility. Keeping in view the social, economic, and cultural needs of the 21st century, this policy emphasizes the development of an inclusive, equitable, and value-based education system. The present research paper analyzes the concept of social responsibility under the National Education Policy 2020, its significance, and its major principles such as inclusiveness, equality, and community participation, along with their social impacts. The purpose of this study is to clarify how the National Education Policy 2020 attempts to connect the deprived and weaker sections of society with the mainstream and how it makes education an effective medium of social transformation. In this study, the researcher has used secondary data, which includes government documents, the National Education Policy 2020, reports of NCERT and UGC, books, and research journals. Through descriptive and analytical research methods, the study shows that inclusive and equitable education helps strengthen social justice, gender equality, and community development. The conclusion of the study indicates that the National Education Policy 2020 plays an important role in making education socially useful and in developing responsible, ethical, and aware citizens. This policy not only improves the quality of education but also promotes social harmony, participation, and self-reliance. Thus, the National Education Policy 2020 can be considered an important step toward building a socially responsible education system in India. In this way, the National Education Policy 2020 represents a strong effort to connect the Indian education system with social responsibility. Principles such as inclusiveness, equality, an integrated approach, and community participation link education with the real issues of society and can lead India toward a just, equitable, and developed society.

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National Education Policy 2020, Social Responsibility, Inclusiveness, Equality, Community Participation, Social Impact.

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Efficient handling of inventory plays a vital role in the smooth functioning of electronic retail businesses. Conventional inventory practices are largely manual and often lead to problems such as inaccurate stock information, delayed transaction records, and difficulty in monitoring product movement. This paper proposes an ElectroMobile Inventory Management System, a software-based solution developed to organize and manage electronic products including mobile phones, televisions, air conditioners, refrigerators, and laptops. The system integrates inventory control, sales processing, and report generation into a unified platform that automatically updates stock quantities after each transaction and securely stores all data in a centralized database. A layered system architecture is adopted to enhance reliability, data security, and system scalability. Experimental observations indicate that the system delivers fast response time, precise data handling, and dependable report generation. By minimizing manual intervention and reducing operational errors, the proposed system offers an effective and user-friendly approach for improving inventory accuracy and business performance in electronic retail environments.

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ElectroMobile Inventory Management System, Inventory Automation, Electronic Retail Management, Stock Monitoring, Sales Processing, Database Management, Report Generation, Real-Time Inventory.

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 Abstract

Beyond 'Choukathe Nishiddho Alpana' –Listening to 'Dahangatha' : The Poetries of Manabendranath Saha

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Beyond 'Choukathe Nishiddho Alpana' –Listening to 'Dahangatha' : The Poetries of Manabendranath Saha

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Background: Substance abuse has become a worldwide and ever-growing issue, especially in the Indian scenario. Chemical substances that cause transient feelings of euphoria or excitement are the main causes of this phenomenon; however, chronic exposure often ends in dependence and pathological addiction. There is epidemiological evidence highlighting the increased vulnerability of adolescents for whose mental health trajectory, a confluence of psychological determinants in the psychosocial environment is often detrimental to psychological resilience, including powerful peer influence. Once entrenched in an addiction, individuals tend to make drug use the first priority in their lives, with dire personal and societal ramifications. Accordingly, there is an imperative need to design education interventions that enlighten the etiological factors and detrimental consequences of substance abuse to reduce its prevalence at the national level. Aim: The aim of this empirical research work was to identify and critically examine the antecedent variables that result in substance misuse among senior secondary school pupils. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross - sectional design was used to interrogate the possible catalysts for substance abuse in this demographic cohort. Data collection was aided with a self-administered, researcher-constructed questionnaire carefully designed to capture salient risk factors and behavioral correlates. Result: Results of analyses of the resultant data set showed that alcohol was the most easily accessible psychoactive agent, with 83% of respondents acknowledging its prevalence. Moreover, reduced parental supervision became the most important risk factor, mentioned by 68% of the participants. Paradoxically, some 73 per cent of students blamed substance misuse for the loss of personal self-control, and as many blamed the lack of institutional education and awareness programmes as substantially contributing to the problem. Conclusion: The results provide empirical support that peer pressure with inadequate parental supervision is the major explanation system for substance abuse among senior secondary school students.

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Substance abuse, antecedents, contributory determinants

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A 42-year-old male diagnosed with brainstem glioma who presented with neurological symptoms. MRI revealed a heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the midbrain region. The patient underwent external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) using Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) technique with a total dose of 54 Gy in 27 fractions over four weeks. He tolerated treatment well with minimal side effects. This case emphasizes the importance of early imaging, accurate localization, and targeted radiotherapy in the management of brainstem glioma.

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Brainstem glioma, Stereotactic radiotherapy, Magnetic resonance radiotherapy, High grade glioma, Neuro-oncology.

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Overall, this research contributes to the growing literature on the integration of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management and provides insights for organizations seeking to optimize recruitment strategies in the evolving digital workplace. The research methodology presented in the paper is based on the pilot study of the topic.

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Artificial intelligence,Human resource,recruitment

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Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles in carrier liquids that exhibit unique magnetorheological properties. Kerosene-based ferrofluids containing oleic acid-coated magnetite (Fe?O?) nanoparticles have gained attention due to their excellent thermal stability, low volatility, and superior dispersion characteristics. This review examines the synthesis methodologies, characterization techniques, and diverse applications of oleic acid-coated kerosene-based Fe?O? ferrofluids. We analyzed chemical co-precipitation and thermal decomposition methods for Fe?O? nanoparticle synthesis, emphasizing oleic acid's role as a surfactant in achieving stable colloidal dispersions. Characterization approaches discussed include X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for confirming oleic acid coating, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) for magnetic property evaluation, and rheological measurements for assessing flow behavior. The chemical bonding mechanisms between oleic acid and magnetite surfaces are critically analyzed. The review highlights how oleic acid surface modification prevents particle agglomeration and enhances long-term stability in non-polar kerosene carriers. Characterization reveals distinct patterns in XRD peaks, magnetization curves, and viscosity-temperature relationships governing ferrofluid performance. Kerosene-based ferrofluids demonstrate superior performance in heat transfer enhancement for cooling systems, damping applications in shock absorbers and vibration control, and magnetic fluid sealing technology for rotary seals and vacuum feedthroughs. Emerging biomedical applications include drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia therapy. This review synthesizes current knowledge on oleic acid-coated kerosene-based Fe?O? ferrofluids and identifies future research opportunities in nanoparticle size optimization, surface chemistry modification, and application-specific formulations, serving as a resource for researchers working on ferrofluid development across technological domains.

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Ferrofluids, Magnetite nanoparticles, Oleic acid, Kerosene, Chemical co-precipitation

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The study explores the growing career opportunities in AI-driven marketing and how artificial intelligence is transforming the marketing industry. With the rapid development of technologies such as machine learning, data analytics, and automation, businesses are increasingly relying on AI to understand consumer behavior, personalize marketing strategies, and improve decision-making. This research examines the role of AI tools in modern marketing practices, the skills required for professionals to build a successful career in this field, and the emerging job roles created by AI integration. The study also highlights how AI enhances efficiency, improves customer engagement, and helps organizations gain a competitive advantage. Furthermore, it analyzes the challenges, ethical considerations, and future prospects of AI-driven marketing careers. The findings suggest that professionals who combine marketing knowledge with AI and data-driven skills will have significant career opportunities in the evolving digital economy.

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AI-driven marketing, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Marketing, Marketing Automation, Data Analytics, Consumer Behavior, Career Opportunities, Machine Learning in Marketing, Marketing Technology, Future of Marketing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition