Volume 14 | Issue 3

 Abstract

Social media sites serve as important venues for behavioral display and self-expression. The current study uses content analysis to look at and contrast how male and female users behave on social media. The study focuses on how social media posts reflect engagement patterns, emotional tone, visual representation, and the type of content posted. A structured coding sheet was used to assess a chosen number of posts from male and female user accounts using a quantitative content analysis method. The results show significant gender-based variations in interaction behavior, visual presentation, and content preferences. By providing insights into how male and female users visually and textually build their social media behavior, the study advances media and gender studies.

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Content Analysis, Social Media Behavior, Gender Differences, Visual Representation, Digital Media

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Bioanalytical method validation is an important process used to ensure that analytical methods provide reliable and accurate results for the determination of drugs and their metabolites in biological samples such as plasma, serum, blood, and urine. The development of a bioanalytical method involves selecting appropriate analytical techniques, optimizing sample preparation procedures, and establishing suitable chromatographic conditions. Common extraction techniques include protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction to improve analyte recovery and reduce matrix interference. Method validation evaluates key parameters such as accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity, recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and stability. These parameters confirm that the method is consistent, reproducible, and suitable for routine analysis. Bioanalytical methods play a crucial role in pharmacokinetic studies, drug discovery, and clinical research. Proper validation ensures the quality and reliability of analytical data and supports regulatory requirements in pharmaceutical development.

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Bioanalysis, Plasma, Validation, Chromatography, Precision, Selectivity, Drug Discovery, Stability, Pharmacokinetics

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The Voice and Perspective of Women in the Works of Bhikhari Thakur: A Philosophical Analysis

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The Voice and Perspective of Women in the Works of Bhikhari Thakur: A Philosophical Analysis

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Healthcare data is one of the most sensitive personal pieces of information that a person creates - it captures not only physical statuses but mental health background, reproductive status, genetic formation, and patterns of behaviour that, when revealed, may lead to discrimination, financial abuse, damaged reputation, and severe abuse of personal dignity. The healthcare industry in India with its fast digitalization and the adoption of electronic health records, telemedicine platforms, insurance portals, and government health schemes like Ayushman Bharat are taking a more appealing form to cybercriminals. There has been a significant increase in the number of data breaches of hospitals, health-tech firms, and state health databases in the country, but the legal framework concerning the protection of health data is fragmented, under-enforced, and, until the recent adoption of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, does not include a specific data protection law. In this paper, a thorough review of the Indian healthcare data breach problem is performed using the prism of a cybercrime law and a data protection law. It examines the character and extent of healthcare data breaches, charts out the current legal context such as the Information Technology Act, 2000, the DPDP Act, 2023, and the industry-specific regulations, and critically assesses how these tools are sufficient to prevent breaches and safeguard patients. The paper contends that India is at a crossroad: the IT infrastructure of digital health is being developed on a massive scale and the legal framework of protecting the information that infrastructure produces must be developed equally seriously.

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healthcare data breach, cyber offences, data protection, DPDP Act 2023, Information Technology Act, patient privacy, India, digital health

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Background: Lumbar spondylosis is a common degenerative condition of the spine associated with pain and functional disability. Physiotherapy interventions such as motor control exercises and conventional back exercises are widely used to manage symptoms. However, evidence comparing their effectiveness in lumbar spondylosis remains limited. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of motor control exercises and conventional back exercises in reducing pain and functional disability in patients with lumbar spondylosis. Methodology: A pre-post experimental study was conducted on 44 patients diagnosed with lumbar spondylosis. Participants were divided into two groups (n=22 each). Group A received motor control exercises and Group B received conventional back exercises for 4 weeks (5 days per week). Pain and functional disability were measured using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Back Performance Scale (BPS). Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in pain and functional disability after intervention (p<0.05). However, the motor control exercise group demonstrated greater improvement compared to the conventional exercise group. Conclusion: Motor control exercises are more effective than conventional back exercises in reducing pain and improving functional disability in patients with lumbar spondylosis.

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Lumbar spondylosis, Motor control exercises, Conventional back exercises, Low back pain, Physiotherapy.

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Lions, Himalayan Ecosystem, Feeding Behaviour, Living Patterns, Environmental Changes, Habitat Fragmentation, Climate Change, Prey Availability, Human-Lion Conflict, Wildlife Conservation.

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As the global tourism industry undergoes a digital transformation, the traditional reactive model of travel safety--relying on emergency calls after an incident--is becoming obsolete. This paper proposes "Tourist Safe India," a pioneering, proactive digital ecosystem designed to transform the travel experience through an AI-driven "Digital Guardian" framework. Unlike standard navigation tools, this platform orchestrates a multi-layered defence strategy integrating Advanced Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking, lightweight Machine Learning models for real-time risk assessment, and an automated Incident Response System.

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AI Risk Avoidance , o Digital Guardian , Emergency Radar , Smart Crowd sourcing

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Artificial intelligence is increasingly shaping the lives of today's youth influencing how they learn, work and interact socially this paper explores the multifacested impact of artificial intelligence on the new generation through a comprehensive review of literature and empirical analysis. It examines how AI is transforming education by enabling personalised learning and equiping students with skills relevant to future workforce. The study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence technology's on youths learning process and academic performance with a focus on that perceptions and the challenges associated with AI adoption. The findings reveal that AI offers significant benefits including improved academic outcomes and enhanced students engagement. This study focuses on examining the impact of artificial intelligence on the youths of Tumkuru City by analyzing their awareness, usage patterns, perceived advantages, and challenges associated with AI technologies. The research aims to provide insights that can help educators, policymakers, and society ensure that AI is used responsibly and effectively for the overall development of young individuals.

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Artificial Intelligence, AI Awareness, AI in Education, AI Adoption, Career Opportunities, Digital Literacy, AI usage Pattern.

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The Inventory Management System (IMS) is a web-based application developed to streamline and automate the process of managing inventory in small and medium-scale businesses. In today's competitive market environment, efficient inventory control plays a critical role in ensuring smooth business operations, reducing operational costs, and improving customer satisfaction. Manual inventory management methods are time-consuming, error-prone, and inefficient, leading to issues such as stock mismanagement, overstocking, understocking, and inaccurate record maintenance. The proposed system provides a centralized platform that enables businesses to track, manage, and control stock levels in real time. The system is designed using modern web technologies with a user-friendly interface for administrators and authorized users. It includes essential modules such as product management, stock tracking, supplier management, sales and purchase records, report generation, and user authentication. The backend system ensures secure data storage and retrieval, while the frontend interface provides an interactive dashboard for monitoring inventory status. The system automatically updates stock quantities after every transaction, thereby minimizing human errors and maintaining data accuracy. Additionally, the system generates analytical reports that help business owners make informed decisions regarding restocking and demand forecasting. The Inventory Management System improves operational efficiency by reducing paperwork, saving time, and enhancing accuracy in inventory tracking. It also supports scalability, allowing businesses to expand their operations without major structural changes to the system. This project demonstrates how digital transformation can optimize inventory operations and support better business management practices. The implementation of this system contributes to improved productivity, transparency, and profitability for organizations.

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Inventory Management, Stock Control, Web Application, Database Management, Automation, Business Optimization.

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The increasing use of social media platforms has introduced digital environments structured around reward-based feedback such as likes, comments, shares, and notifications. These mechanisms create reward loops that encourage repeated engagement and may influence psychological processes such as instant gratification and self-regulation. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between social media reward loops, instant gratification, cognitive regulation, and emotional regulation among young adults. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected from 100 participants aged between 18 and 25 years using self-report questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed a significant relationship between reward loops and instant gratification. However, no significant relationship was found between reward loops and cognitive or emotional regulation, nor between instant gratification and regulatory variables. A significant relationship was observed between cognitive regulation and emotional regulation. The findings suggest that while digital reward mechanisms may encourage tendencies toward instant gratification, they may not significantly impair cognitive or emotional regulation among young adults.

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Digital dopamine, Social media reward loops, Instant gratification, Cognitive regulation, Emotional regulation

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Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, making early detection and risk prediction essential for effective clinical intervention and preventive healthcare. In recent years, machine learning techniques have demonstrated significant potential in assisting clinicians by analyzing complex medical datasets and identifying hidden patterns associated with cardiovascular conditions. However, many existing prediction models suffer from limitations such as insufficient feature representation, lack of robustness, and limited interpretability, which restrict their practical adoption in clinical environments. To address these challenges, this study proposes a Transformer-Enhanced Ensemble Learning framework for interpretable cardiovascular disease prediction. The proposed approach integrates transformer-based feature representation with ensemble machine learning models to improve prediction accuracy and model reliability. The transformer encoder captures complex relationships among clinical attributes using attention mechanisms, while the ensemble classification strategy aggregates predictions from multiple classifiers to enhance generalization performance. Furthermore, explainable artificial intelligence techniques are incorporated to provide transparency and interpretability by identifying the most influential clinical risk factors affecting prediction outcomes. Experimental evaluation conducted on benchmark cardiovascular disease datasets demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves superior performance compared with conventional machine learning models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the ROC curve. The interpretability analysis further reveals clinically relevant features that contribute significantly to cardiovascular risk prediction. The results indicate that the integration of transformer architectures, ensemble learning, and explainable AI provides a reliable and transparent framework for cardiovascular disease prediction and can support clinicians in early diagnosis and decision-making processes.

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cardiovascular disease prediction; Transformer models; Ensemble learning; Explainable artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Clinical decision support systems; Healthcare analytics.

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 Abstract

Premchand Ki Kahaniyo Ki Prasangikta

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Premchand Ki Kahaniyo Ki Prasangikta

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Nitrosamine impurities have emerged as a significant safety concern in the pharmaceutical industry due to their potential mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. These compounds belong to the class of N-nitroso derivatives that may form during various stages of pharmaceutical manufacturing, including active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) synthesis, formulation, and storage. The detection of nitrosamine impurities such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in several medicinal products has prompted extensive regulatory scrutiny and product recalls worldwide. Nitrosamines can originate from multiple sources, including contaminated raw materials, degradation reactions, solvent impurities, and interactions between drug substances and excipients. To ensure patient safety, regulatory authorities such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) have issued guidelines for risk assessment, detection, and control of these impurities. Advanced analytical techniques, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), are widely employed for the identification and quantification of nitrosamines at trace levels. This review discusses the chemical characteristics, formation mechanisms, potential sources, analytical detection methods, regulatory requirements, and mitigation strategies related to nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceutical products.

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Nitrosamine impurities, NDMA, NDEA, pharmaceutical contamination, mutagenic impurities, regulatory guidelines, analytical detection.

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The present study aims to examine the level of mobile phone use and related habits among undergraduate and postgraduate students. In the digital age, smartphones have become an important part of students' lives. Students use them for study, communication, entertainment, and social media. Although mobile phones are educationally useful, excessive and uncontrolled use may lead to addictive habits that can affect students' concentration, time management, and mental health. In this study, the descriptive survey method was used. Undergraduate and postgraduate students were selected as the sample. The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-VAM), consisting of 23 items with a five-point scale, was used to measure mobile phone use and habits. The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and percentage. The findings of the study will help to understand the actual level of mobile phone use among students and provide guidance for its balanced use.

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Mobile Phone Use Mobile Phone Addiction Smartphone Use Undergraduate Students Postgraduate Students Students' Habits

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Parenting young children is frequently associated with elevated levels of stress, which can adversely affect both maternal well-being and the overall family environment. While mindfulness practices have been widely recognized for their ability to reduce stress, traditional interventions often require extensive time commitments, making them less practical for mothers in demanding caregiving roles. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a brief, easily implementable micro mindfulness intervention on perceived stress levels among mothers of children aged 3 to 10 years. Approximately 40 mothers will participate in a two-week program involving a daily 3- minute guided mindfulness meditation delivered through a simple audio format. Perceived stress levels will be measured before and after the intervention using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). It is hypothesized that mothers will report a significant reduction in perceived stress following the intervention. The outcomes of this study could support the integration of short, accessible mindfulness practices into daily routines, providing a practical strategy to enhance maternal mental health during the early years of parenting.

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micro mindfulness, perceived stress, mothers, parenting, PSS-10, brief intervention

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Shilpa Medicare Limited, headquartered in Raichur, Karnataka, is a leading Indian pharmaceutical company with a strong global presence. Established in 1987 as Shilpa Antibiotics Limited and renamed in 2003, the company has evolved from a small-scale API manufacturer into a fully integrated pharmaceutical enterprise. Today, it specializes in oncology, biologics, formulations, and contract development and manufacturing services (CDMO), with approvals from major regulatory bodies such as the USFDA, EMA, CDSCO, and ANVISA.

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Impact of Marketing Mix on Shilpa Medicare Limited

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Elections are the foundation of democracy in India, and accurate voter rolls are essential for conducting free and fair elections. But to address this issue, the Election Commission of India carries out a process that is called Special Intensive Revision. This process updates electoral rolls by adding eligible voters, removing the names of deceased or relocated individuals, and correcting inaccurate information. Therefore, SIR is not only a technical exercise but also a political process that can influence representation and political power in India. Further, this study analyzes the role and impact of SIR in Indian politics. It examines the historical development of electoral roll revision, the legal framework supporting it, and the operational steps used during the revision process. The study also explores the political implications of SIR, including its effects on marginalized communities, women voters, and youth participation. In addition, it highlights how voter roll revisions may shape electoral outcomes and party strategies. Furthermore, this research uses an analytical method and relies on secondary sources such as books, academic articles, journals, government reports, and online materials and analyse of case studies from Bihar, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh illustrate how SIR has influenced voter registration patterns and political debates. The study also identifies key challenges, including allegations of selective voter deletion, controversies related to Aadhaar linkage, and the exclusion of migrant workers from the electoral process. Lastly this study suggests reforms to make the revision process more transparent, inclusive, and effective in the future.

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Special Intensive Revision, Free and Fair Elections, representation, Aadhaar linkage, migrant workers

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 Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable construction practices, increasing environmental pollution and the rising impact of construction activities has led to the exploration of new technologies and sustainable materials. 3D printing in construction is rapidly emerging as an innovative alternative to conventional building practices, enabling faster, more precise, and cost-effective fabrication of complex structures. However, the high cement content traditionally used in printable concrete raises sustainability concerns due to its significant carbon footprint. To address this challenge, this project explores the development and application of sustainable concrete mixes for 3D printing by partially replacing cement and natural aggregates with supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash, silica fume along with recycled aggregates and fibers like basalt, polypropylene fiber. The waste materials offer environmental benefits by reducing landfill waste and material demand, their successful integration requires optimizing concrete mix proportions and printing parameters to balance properties like early strength, flow, and overall structural integrity. By integrating green materials into 3D-printed concrete, the project aims to significantly reduce environmental impact, enhance resource efficiency, and promote the large-scale adoption of sustainable construction practices.

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3D concrete printing, Sustainable construction, Printable concrete, Supplementary cementitious materials, Recycled aggregates, Fibre-reinforced concrete, Compressive Strength, Durability

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Women's health is a crucial component of public health and community development. Health profile and treatment-seeking behaviour are influenced by social, economic, and cultural factors, which often differ between rural and urban populations. Objective: The present study aimed to assess and compare the health profile and treatment-seeking behaviour among women residing in selected rural and urban communities. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 women (125 rural and 125 urban). Participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic variables, health profile, and treatment-seeking behaviour. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests with SPSS version

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Health profile, treatment seeking behaviour, urban, rural, women.

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Dushta Vrana is a chronic non-healing wound described in Ayurvedic surgical literature and can be correlated with chronic ulcers in modern surgery. These wounds are characterized by delayed healing, infection, foul smell, discharge, discoloration, and unhealthy granulation tissue. Management of chronic wounds remains a challenge in contemporary medicine due to poor vascularity, infection, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus. Ayurveda describes a comprehensive approach for wound care including Shodhana (cleansing), Ropana (healing), and parasurgical procedures. Jalaukavacharana (leech therapy) is a form of Raktamokshana that is especially indicated in conditions associated with vitiated Rakta and Pitta Dosha. Medicinal leech saliva contains several biologically active substances such as hirudin, calin, bdellins, and hyaluronidase which possess anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties. These substances improve microcirculation and promote wound healing. The present review discusses the Ayurvedic concept of Dushta Vrana and highlights the therapeutic role of Jalaukavacharana in chronic wound management.

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Dushta Vrana, Chronic Ulcer, Jalaukakavacharana, Wound Healing, Ayurveda

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