Volume 14 | Issue 3

 Abstract

Disinvestment has emerged as a significant policy instrument in India's economic reform trajectory, aimed at enhancing efficiency, reducing fiscal burdens, and promoting wider ownership of public sector enterprises. Initiated in the early 1990s as part of the broader liberalization process, disinvestment seeks to reallocate resources from non-strategic sectors to priority areas while fostering market competitiveness and corporate governance. Despite its intended benefits, the process of disinvestment has encountered numerous challenges. These include political resistance, valuation complexities, lack of investor confidence, regulatory hurdles, and concerns over employment and social equity. Additionally, issues such as inadequate transparency, delays in execution, and fluctuating market conditions have often impeded the effectiveness of disinvestment initiatives.

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Key words: Disinvestment, challenges, government policy, policy implementation,

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The increasing popularity of short form videos. SFV platform has significantly changed how people consume daily social media platforms and this shift has growing rapidly concern about its impact on cognitive abilities of the humans. SFV platform also deliver very short form videos that is lasting for about few seconds and combined with fast visual changes with continue scrolling and personalised preferences by the algorithm. Such repeated exposure to small short and highly stimulating content may affect our crucial cognitive functions, specially attention and working memory. So in this study, we investigate how attention lapses and working memory differ between individual who use SFV a lot and those who use it much less. We used a questionnaire a quantitative comparative designed recruiting 152, adolescent and adults between the age of 15 to 50. This participants were divided into two group based on their daily SFV usage, low use group under one hour per day and high use group 3 or more hours per day. We measure attention lapse using the cognitive failure, questionnaire and assist working memory with a standardised MWQ mind wandering questionnaire self report scale. The result of independent sample T test shown that the high SFV group has significantly more attention lapse and more difficulty with working memory, then the low use group. Just findings suggest that regular use of short form video is closely tight to weaker tensional control and reduced working memory. Overall, this results add to the growing body of research on digital media and its impact on how we think and process information offering new evidence about cognitive risk of frequent SFV we use.

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Short-form video, Attention lapses, Working memory, Mind wandering, Cognitive functioning, Social media usage

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Present study clearly indicates that one can earn twelve times more profit in designing silk production project by adopting multiend reeling machine. Monthly profit is almost six lakh which is almost twelve times of monthly profit of Charka based reeling but in case of charka reeling investment is quite lower than the multiend reeling setup. But in Murshidabad District, it is still charkha dominated silk industry is popular due to degeneration of silkworm breeds, inability to rear high productive bivoltine breeds and even crossbreeds due to climatic disadvantages and unskilled labour, falling prices of raw silk, withdrawal of European Cocoon buying and silk buying firms, low wages in sericulture, organizational set back, lack of skilled person in the field of Sericulture. Though earn is less but still fifty thousand rupees income per month from Charka reeling cannot be ignored. So, an organized effort may be done in Murshidabad District to make poor rural women self-sufficient to reel silk in country charka and earn significant profit without much initial investment. Rural women can start their own venture in their home. Availability of machineries and raw material, technical guidance and selling of products will be assured by the organization. Even small rearer can reel their cocoons through charka in green condition which will increase more profit margin. In this way a model sericulture village will be developed which will justify the long heritage of sericulture of Murshidabad district. It is also important to develop multiend reeling based reeling industry in West Bengal which will create large entrepreneur by assuring more profit. The present study also indicates that it is important to develop bivoltine seed zone in West Bengal to ensure supply of bivoltine seed cocoon throughout the year so that seed producers may develop crossbreed seed of multi-bi components which ensure flow of quality raw materials throughout the year for high consuming multiend reeling machine.

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Silk, Reeling, Charka , multiend reeling machine

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Cervical cancer, primarily caused by Human Papilloma virus, is preventable through awareness and vaccination. This study assessed the knowledge and vaccination status regarding cervical cancer among adolescent girls and examined its association with selected demographic variables.A quantitative descriptive design was used, and 100 adolescent girls from Government Senior Secondary School of Eminence, Amloh (Punjab) were selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic details and knowledge of cervical cancer and its vaccination. Results showed that 75% of participants had poor knowledge, 15% had average knowledge, and only 10% had good knowledge. Vaccination status was low, and a negative attitude toward vaccination was observed.The study concludes that most adolescent girls lack adequate knowledge about cervical cancer and its prevention, indicating a need for targeted awareness and educational programs.

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Knowledge, cervical cancer, vaccination, adolescent girls.

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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy requiring rapid and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. The conventional diagnostic approach manual microscopic examination of peripheral blood smear slides by trained pathologists is time-intensive, subjective, and limited by the acute shortage of specialist haematologists in resource-constrained settings. While deep learning-based approaches have demonstrated promising results for automated leukemia detection, existing studies predominantly address binary classification without severity staging, lack end-to-end deployment frameworks, and omit input validation mechanisms essential for real-world clinical use. This study proposes an end-to-end deep learning-based system for blood cancer detection and severity staging from microscopic blood smear images. A custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) comprising four convolutional blocks with progressive filter expansion (32 -> 64 -> 128 -> 256), batch normalization, dropout regularization, and Adam optimization was designed and trained on the ALL-IDB (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Image Database) benchmark dataset. The model performs four-class classification Normal, Early Stage, Mid Stage, and Advanced Stage leukemia. An OpenCV-based image validation module employing HSV colour space analysis was integrated to reject non-blood-smear inputs. The trained model was deployed as a web-based diagnostic application using the Flask framework, built entirely on open-source tools. The proposed model achieved 90-95% overall classification accuracy on the validation set, with per-class F1-scores of 0.96 (Normal), 0.94 (Advanced Stage), 0.87 (Mid Stage), and 0.86 (Early Stage). Confusion matrix analysis confirmed that misclassifications were predominantly confined to adjacent severity stages, with near-zero Normal-to-cancer misclassification. The system achieved end-to-end response times of 1-3 seconds on standard CPU hardware. The proposed system demonstrates that a lightweight custom CNN trained from scratch can achieve clinically meaningful multi-class leukemia staging and be effectively deployed as an accessible, validated web application. The integration of image validation, confidence-scored predictions, and a fully open-source architecture distinguishes this work from existing approaches and supports its adoption in resource-limited clinical environments. Future work will explore transfer learning, Grad-CAM explainability, and multi-institutional dataset validation to enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical translatability.

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Blood cancer; Leukemia detection; Convolutional Neural Network; Deep Learning; Medical image classification; ALL-IDB dataset; Flask web application; Severity staging; Computer-aided diagnosis

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The authors found armoured scale Abgrallaspis azadirachti infesting Azadirachta indica (Neem). Fruit in the orchard is afflicted with armoured scale insects due to Neem trees infested with Abgrallaspis azadirachti, and the wind is undoubtedly responsible for the armoured scale insects spread. The majority of armoured scale crawlers settle on their maternal host trees; a small number of adult females are immobile, but a small number of adult males spread by wind to other adjacent plants. Armoured scale insects can spread in two ways - passively on infested plants and through long distance wind borne dispersal of crawlers. The dispersal pattern of Abgrallaspis azadirachti crawlers was studied. Windborn crawlers were trapped up to some distance away from the host tree using greased plates scattered around the orchard. Crawlers moved from October to December, peaking in December .In a 48-hour period, a maximum of five crawlers were trapped.

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Azadirachta indica, infested, immobile, crawlers, dispersal pattern

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Cryptography, Mlecchita-vikalpa, Katapayadi System, Ancient India, Kautilya, Substitution Ciphers, Steganography

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Abstract: This study has been undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of meditation therapy in reducing stress and anxiety among women with infertility in Jabalpur Fertility Center, Madhya Pradesh. Infertile couples often experience chronic stress, depression, and anxiety due to the inability to conceive and the rigorous nature of infertility treatments. For this very purpose, a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest control group design was used with a sample size of 60 women (30 in the control group and 30 in the experimental group) selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected using the Cohen's Standardized Perceived Stress Scale and the Modified Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The analytical framework reveals that the mean post-test scores of stress and anxiety in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), indicating that meditation is a highly effective mind-body intervention for this population.

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Index Terms- Infertility, Meditation Therapy, Stress Reduction, Anxiety, Nursing Intervention.

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The interdisciplinary field of Blue Humanities focuses on oceans as dynamic spaces that shape human history, culture, and ecology. Amitav Ghosh's Sea of Poppies presents a vivid literary reconstruction of nineteenth-century maritime networks in the Indian Ocean world. Set during the period preceding the First Opium War, the novel depicts the complex connections between colonial trade, migration, and environmental transformation. Through the journey of the ship Ibis and its diverse passengers, Ghosh portrays the ocean as a space where social hierarchies are challenged and new identities emerge. This paper examines Sea of Poppies from the perspective of Blue Humanities, arguing that the novel foregrounds the ocean as a central site of historical interaction and cultural exchange.

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Blue Humanities, Indian Ocean Studies, Colonial Trade, Maritime Literature, Indentured Migration and Oceanic Mobility.

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Abstract This study examines the relationship between Quality of Work Life (QWL) and occupational well-being among sanitation workers (Pourakarmikas) employed by Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). The research focuses on key QWL dimensions such as working conditions, compensation and job security, social inclusion, and health and safety. A structured questionnaire was administered to 200 respondents (both male and female), and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings reveal that QWL dimensions significantly influence occupational well-being, with health and safety and job security emerging as the strongest predictors. The study highlights the urgent need for policy interventions and improved welfare measures to enhance the well-being and performance of sanitation workers.

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Quality of Work Life, Occupational Well-being, Pourakarmikas, Sanitation Workers, BBMP, SEM, CFA, Public Sector Workforce.

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This study looks at how Color Psychology Theories affect advertising and how young people in Mumbai perceive. Color Psychology Theories is very important in advertising because it gets people's attention and makes them feel emotions. It also increases the brand's recall value. Nowadays people see a lot of pictures and videos on media and other online platforms, so using Color Psychology Theories in the right way is crucial for people who make advertisements. Different colors means different things to people and that affects how they understand advertisements. For example the color red usually means something exciting is happening or that someone needs to act. The color blue means something that is trustworthy. Green means something fresh and good for the environment. In India colors are also connected to traditions and festivals. For instance, colors like saffron and yellow are important in culture. Advertisers use colors to make people feel something and make their brands stand out. Young people who are between 18 and 25 years old are a deal for advertisers because they use the internet a lot and go through a lot of advertisements. What they think about colors is shaped by what's popular on social media and by the way people live in cities. This study looks at how Color Psychology Theories in advertising affect what young people in Mumbai think and feel. It also looks at how Color Psychology Theories make them engage with advertisements.

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Color Perception, Color Symbolism, Color Psychology, Advertising Trends in India, Youth Perception, Consumer Behavior, Brand Recall, Emotional Response, Mumbai Youth

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Abstract: This study has been undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding selected natural pain relief methods during labour among primigravida mothers. A pre-experimental research design was adopted, utilizing a quantitative approach. Purposive sampling was used to select 60 primigravida mothers attending regular antenatal checkups at Govt. District Hospital Dindori. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview schedule. The pretest revealed that 78.3% of the mothers had inadequate knowledge regarding natural pain relief methods. Following the structured teaching programme, the post-test showed significant improvement, with 63.3% of mothers gaining adequate knowledge. The mean post-test knowledge score (21.43) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test score (10.32) with a paired 't' test value of 20.449, proving the teaching programme's effectiveness. There was no significant association between knowledge and selected demographic variables. The structured teaching programme is an effective means to prepare primigravida mothers for childbirth naturally.

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Index Terms - Natural pain relief, Labour pain, primigravida mothers, Structured teaching programme, Non-pharmacological strategies.

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This study is about the humour books of P. L. Deshpande affects the mood and positivity of adult readers in Mumbai in 2025-26. Humour is important in our lives because it helps us feel better. It helps us emotionally and culturally. Not many people have studied how humour books from our region affect our well-being. This research wants to find out if reading P. L. Deshpande's books make people feel better, more optimistic and gives them an outlook on life. We got information from 100 adult readers using a Google Form survey. We did the survey on purpose and some people who knew about P. L. Deshpande's books helped us. We looked at the answers to see how humour helps with stress. Makes people feel comfortable. This study wants to show that humour in books is not for fun it also helps people. It helps people feel better and be more positive. P. L. Deshpandes humour books and humour literature are important for our well-being. Humour literature helps adult readers feel better and be more positive. P. L. Deshpandes humour books are good for adult readers because they help with mood and positivity. Mood and positivity are very important for adult readers like us. We should read humour literature like P. L. Deshpandes books because it is good for our well-being.

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P. L. Deshpande, Humour Literature, Mood, Positivity, Emotional Well-being, Adult Readers, Marathi Literature, Urban Stress

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Rural Tourism, Sustainable Development, Digital Cultural Heritage, Cross-Cultural Exchange, Digital Storytelling, User Experience Design, Digital Village.

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A series of novel pyridine-based Schiff base derivatives (PMB-1-PMB-8) were designed and synthesized via condensation reactions between pyridine-containing amines and substituted aromatic aldehydes. Structural variation was introduced through systematic modification of alkyl substituents on the phenyl ring to investigate their influence on molecular and electronic properties. The optimized geometries of all compounds were obtained using density functional theory (DFT), providing insight into their conformational features and stability. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, including HOMO, LUMO, HOMO-1, and LUMO+1, was performed to evaluate the electronic distribution and charge transfer characteristics. The results revealed that electron density is primarily localized over the aromatic and imine (-C=N-) moieties, indicating effective conjugation within the molecular framework. A gradual increase in HOMO energy values from PMB-1 to PMB-8 was observed, suggesting that elongation of the alkyl chain enhances electron-donating effects and modulates the electronic behavior of the compounds. These findings demonstrate that structural modification through alkyl substitution significantly influences the electronic properties of pyridine-based Schiff bases, making them promising candidates for applications in materials science and molecular electronics.

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pyridine, Frontier molecular orbital, density functional theory, Schiff bases

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This study examines how the United States has leveraged economic and technological interdependence as instruments of strategic coercion against India. The concept of "weaponized interdependence" wherein states controlling key nodes in global networks extract strategic advantage to the contemporary US-India relationship. The study identifies three primary mechanisms of American leverage. First, through financial hegemony, the United States has deployed extraterritorial sanctions against Indian entities, most notably the February 2026 designation of Elevate Marine Management for transporting Iranian petroleum, demonstrating how dollar-based financial architecture enables Washington to penalize transactions with no direct American nexus. Second, through technological export controls governed by ITAR and EAR regulations, American bureaucratic processes continue to impede Indian businesses and defence collaborations, creating what Indian policymakers characterize as "strategic lock-in" rather than genuine partnership. The proposed F-35 fighter jet sale exemplified this dynamic, offering advanced technology contingent upon restrictions on source code access, weapons integration, and logistical independence--conditions India ultimately rejected. Third, through market access leveraged via punitive tariffs, the Trump administration imposed fifty percent tariffs on Indian goods in 2025, explicitly linking trade penalties to India's continued procurement of Russian oil.

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weaponized interdependence, US-India relations, strategic autonomy, economic statecraft, export controls, sanctions, Tariff, market access, technical.

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This paper highlight the use of numerous Indian vernacular words and phrases including city dialects in Arvind Adiga's "Last Man in Tower"', which is published in 2011. The setting of the novel is Mumbai where the future of the city is decided by big businessmen and progress is measured in terms of skyscrapers. When Mumbai is emerging as a commercial and financial hub, the use of urban vernacular is developed side by side. After all, the use of dialect identifies where a person hail from. It is observed that the form of language used in this novel shows the rude behaviour and control over others by real estate broker of Mumbai and also it throws light on social economic and political impact on the then society. The city dialects like Mafia, Pucca, Masterji, Kachdawali, Dhoti, Banian, Biriyani and a lot; the use of such words are very prominent in this novel. The phrase "the real estate mafia" signifies that the novel sheds the light on corruption in modern society like Mumbai. It is a dialectical form of language which displays the social superiority and status in the hierarchical set up in modern Mumbai. Here we can get a clear vision that how city life and it's dialects influence individual lives and behaviour connecting to the central motif and theme of its fiction.

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City dialect, vernacular, dialectical, language

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Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are one of the most prevalent anorectal disorders affecting a large segment of the population worldwide. The condition is characterized by dilatation and engorgement of the hemorrhoidal venous plexus in the anal canal, leading to symptoms such as bleeding per rectum, pain, prolapse, and itching. In Ayurveda, hemorrhoids are described as Arsha, which is included among the Ashta Mahagada (eight dreadful diseases) by Acharya Sushruta due to its chronicity and difficulty in management. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe detailed etiological factors, pathogenesis, classification, and treatment modalities including Bheshaja Chikitsa (conservative therapy), Kshara Karma, Agnikarma, and Shastra Karma. Modern medicine also recognizes hemorrhoids as a common anorectal condition associated with lifestyle factors such as constipation, prolonged sitting, and low-fiber diet. Treatment in modern medicine ranges from conservative management to minimally invasive procedures and surgical hemorrhoidectomy. This article aims to compare the Ayurvedic and modern concepts of hemorrhoids, focusing on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and management. Special emphasis is given to Ayurvedic parasurgical procedures such as Kshara Sutra therapy, which has shown promising results as a minimally invasive and cost-effective treatment modality for hemorrhoids. The integration of Ayurvedic and modern knowledge may offer improved therapeutic outcomes and better patient compliance.

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Hemorrhoids, Arsha, Ayurveda, Kshara Sutra, Shalya Tantra, Comparative study

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Abstract: It has been proved that strength is reduced in type 2 diabetes, however not much research is done on the intervention for same. Our study involves evaluating the effectiveness of a progressive resistance exercise regimen to enhance strength, improve overall energy levels and physical function of type 2 diabetic patients using Modified Sphygmomanometer Scale (MSS) and Modified Fatigue Impairment Scale (MFIS). The study design was experimental while the type was intervention. The study was done over the period of 6 months with a sample size of 40 and the study was set up in diabetic clinics in and around Pune. The target population was type 2 diabetics and simple random sampling method was used. The MSS sore post protocol had an average increase of 2.7 and 1.85 for upper limb and lower limb respectively, with a p value of <0.0001. The MFIS score showed statistically significant decrease in fatigue of individuals in intervention group on the physical, cognitive and psychological subscales post protocol.

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Type 2 diabetes, progressive resistance exercise, Modified sphygmomanometer scale, MFIS.

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In American literature of the twentieth century, the idea of identity has taken a central role and has been used primarily in stories that explore the experience of immigrants and their moral transformation. The book The Assistant narrates the ethical and psychological path of a young Italian-American drifter Frank Alpine who is slowly changing due to his encounter with Morris Bober a Jewish grocer in Brooklyn. The story contains such themes as guilt, redemption, ethnicity, and human kindness. This research article discusses the way Malamud formulates identity as a moral process as opposed to a particular cultural aspect. The study examines the theme of character development, symbolism and morals in the novel using textual analysis and thematic interpretation. The results show that in the novel identity comes out of suffering, responsibility, and compassion towards other people. In conclusion of the study, it is concluded that Malamud and the way she gives a reflection of an identity demonstrates the general immigrant experience that takes place in America and puts into fore the universal human values.

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Identity, Jewish identity, redemption, immigrant experience, moral transformation.

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