Volume 14 | Issue 3

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Abstract: The emergence of innovative scientific developments & technological advancements has brought about a revolution in the realms of industrialization, transportation, and transnational trade & commerce. Therefore, the change in the mode of transportation has a visible impact on the traditional concept of distinct socio-political and cultural identity which is drastically changing against the backdrop of globalization. In this pretext, human identity can no longer be understood as a predefined fixed concept, rather it could be imagined as quite dynamic and susceptible to changes. As a result of the surrounding atmosphere, the immigrants are often cautious and careful to preserve their 'own identity' which often gets intimidated due to the dominance of other cultures, ethnicity, nationalities, and therefore, their imagination often oscillates between home- and host- land and it ultimately opens up a new direction for the construction of a new form of culture and identity in the hostland. Being a writer of the postmodern era, Monica Ali's fictional world is dominated by this conflicting situation; and a sense of alienation is revealed in her writings. She tries to encapsulate the ups and downs of the immigrant experience from the third-world perspective. There is a constant conflict in the minds of her characters who try to merge the two cultures of homeland and hostland in order to have a new kind of identity. The present article will try to explore the factors that either act as catalysts or create obstacles in generating new forms of identity for the immigrants in the country of settlement. It will try to throw some light on the individuation process in order to make the reader realize the painful condition of the dislocated people since they are in a state of mental dilemma. Moreover, it will also depict how some of the dislocated people are trying to come out of the dilemma by striking a balance between the cultures of the countries of origin and settlement. Key Words: Immigration, globalization, alienation, dislocation, individuation process, identity.

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9064247843/ 9563107337

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Any traditionalist society, that has certain normative cultural practices as a part of their culture and tradition, expect it's public to conform to its heteronormative norms of its functions. Those who stand against it or function differently are considered aberration or different, non-conformist hence they are seen and treated differently in the society. Amruta Patil's Kari, a graphic novel, challenges the norms set by the heteronormative society and calls for a case for those who do not want to conform to its dictates in the name of culture and tradition. This article explores this resistance spirit through the figure of Kari who struggles against the dominant perceptions to construct her identity as different and unique.

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Heteronormative, monochromatic, femininity, self-introspective, normative

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This study presents the design and simulation of a regenerative braking system for electric vehicles using a BLDC motor. The system recovers kinetic energy during breaking and stores it in the battery, improving overall efficiency. MATLAB/Simulink is used to model and analyze system performance. The results show effective energy recovery and improved vehicle efficiency, demonstrating the suitability of BLDC motors for regenerative braking applications.

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Key Words: Regenerative Braking System, Electric Vehicles (EVs), Brushless DC Motor (BLDC), Energy Recovery, MATLAB/Simulink, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Battery Charging, Power Electronics.

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We all know that tomorrow belongs to those who prepare themselves for today. Student teachers in the Teacher Education Institutions prepare themselves with the acquisition of knowledge, skills and values. They have to serve and play multiple roles like home maker and wage earner for the smooth functioning of diverse kinds of work to build the society and nation in the closest, clearest and extreme way. With the aid of descriptive survey method, this study aims to explore the social freedom perceived by Student teachers selected randomly from B.Ed. Colleges of Bhagalpur city, Bihar state to administer the Women Social Freedom Scale on a sample of 160 Female Student teachers. Under parametric statistical techniques, t-test and F-test were applied for the data analysis. The study revealed that Student teachers differed significantly in social freedom in context to their marital status. The unmarried student teachers had a higher level of social freedom as compared to married student teachers. The student teachers of different socio economic status also differed significantly in their social freedom. At present, Student teachers have to achieve a lot and in reality they still have to travel a long way. They still have to pave through all the social prejudices so as to achieve the social freedom they expect; and the people yet have to allow and accept them to be equal counterparts in the way ahead.

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Student teachers, Social Freedom, Marital and Socio-Economic status.

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Employee performance appraisal is an important function of human resource management that helps organizations evaluate the efficiency, productivity, and overall contribution of their employees. It plays a key role in identifying employee strengths and weaknesses, improving work performance, and supporting career development. This study focuses on the performance appraisal system followed at Bharathi Cement Corporation Private Limited located in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh. The main purpose of the study is to understand how the appraisal system is implemented in the organization and how it influences employee motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity. The study also aims to analyze employees' opinions regarding fairness, transparency, and effectiveness of the performance evaluation process.The research is based on both primary and secondary data collected from employees working in different departments of the organization. Primary data was gathered through structured questionnaires and direct interaction with employees, while secondary data was collected from company records, HR manuals, and relevant literature. The study examines the methods used for evaluating employee performance, the frequency of appraisals, and the feedback mechanisms provided by management. The findings suggest that an effective performance appraisal system helps in improving employee performance, identifying training needs, and enhancing organizational efficiency. The study concludes that a transparent and well-structured appraisal system is essential for maintaining employee satisfaction and achieving the long-term goals of the organization.

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Employee motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity,fairness, transparency, and effectiveness of the performance evaluation

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The growing emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards has reshaped the strategic priorities of financial institutions worldwide. In India, regulatory encouragement of sustainability disclosures and climate risk awareness has prompted banks to integrate ESG considerations into their governance and lending frameworks. Despite this transition, empirical evidence on whether ESG performance enhances financial resilience in Indian banks remains limited. This study examines the relationship between ESG performance and bank stability in India over the period 2015-2025. Using panel data for public and private sector banks, financial resilience is measured through the Z-score, non-performing asset (NPA) ratio, and earnings volatility. ESG performance is captured through composite and disaggregated environmental, social, and governance indicators derived from publicly disclosed reports. Fixed effects and dynamic panel estimations are employed to address unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity concerns. The findings indicate that higher ESG performance is positively associated with bank stability and lower credit risk. Governance quality emerges as the strongest driver of resilience, while environmental and social dimensions contribute through risk mitigation and reputational strengthening. The results also suggest that ESG integration reduces earnings volatility, supporting the view that sustainability practices enhance long-term institutional robustness. The study contributes to the emerging literature on sustainable finance by providing bank-level evidence from a major emerging economy. It offers policy insights for regulators and banking institutions seeking to align sustainability objectives with financial stability goals.

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ESG performance; Bank stability; Financial resilience; Sustainable finance; Z-score; Indian banking sector

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Postcolonial theory has significantly reshaped academic discussions surrounding identity, representation, and power in societies framed by colonial histories. One of the most influential voices within this intellectual tradition is GayatryChakravortySpivak,whose writings challenge dominant assumptions about cultur representation and the politics of speaking for marginalized groups. Among her most widely debated ideas is the concept of strategic essentialism, a theoretical and political framework that allows marginalized communities to temporarily set in motion simplified collective identities for political action,while poststructuralist thought questions the stability of identity categories, Spivak acknowledges that political struggles often require the formation of unified group identities in order to challenge structures of domination. This article examines the intellectual origins, meaning, and political implications of strategic essentialism in Spivak's work. It also explores how the concept relates to postcolonial nationalism, feminist theory, and debates on representation and the subaltern. Through an analysis of Spivak's writings and their broader theoretical context, the article argues that strategic essentialism offers a pragmatic approach to identity politics that recognizes both the necessity and the dangers of collective identity formation. The discussion highlights the continued relevance of Spivak's ideas for contemporary debates on globalization, cultural identity, social justice and against colonialism she continued movements against of this.

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Strategic essentialism, postcolonial theory, political identity, representation, subalternstudies, globalization and feminist theory.

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According to Ayurveda the whole human body is explained by itself but as it's a modern era so we have to correlate each and every Ayurvedic concept with the modern science this study has been taken to correlate Ayurveda has classified the vital points in the body into 107 and named them Marma according to Acharya Sushruta Marma is constituted by confluence of Mansa(muscle),Sira(vessels), Snayu (nerves, tendons and ligaments), Asthi (bone) and Sandhi (joints). The lifetime prevalence of low back pain has been reported between 60% to 80%. By contrast, the life time prevalence of sciatica is between 2% and 4%. According to Acharya Charaka, two types of Gridhrasi have been listed Vataj and Vatakaphaja. Pain starts from Sphik (buttock) and then radiates to Kati, Prushta (back), Uru (thigh), Janu (knee), Jangha (calf) and Paada (foot) along with Stambha (stiffness), Ruka (pain), Toda (pricking sensation) and Spandana (twitching) are the signs and symptoms of Vataj Gridhrasi. While Aruchi (anorexia), Tandra (drowsiness) and Gaurava (heaviness) are the additional symptoms which are found in Vatakaphaja. The Marma Chikitsa was performed in which Pada Kshipra Marma, Pada Talahridaya Marma, Gulpha Marma, Indravasti Marma, Ani Marma, Janu Marma, Urvi Marmas was manipulated. Each Marma will be stimulated or rhythm of stimulation of Marma is same as the rhythm of respiration i.e.approx 18 times per minute. The Marma Chikitsa was performed on every alternate day for two weeks Gridhrasi. Marma Chikitsa is the art of treating certain vital points to re-channelize the Pranna (vital force in the body).

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Gradhrasi, Sciatica, Kshipra Marma, Gulpha Marma, Marma Chikitsa.

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A Critical Study of Religious Conversion: Its Resolution from the Perspective of Jayanta Bhaṭṭa.

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A Critical Study of Religious Conversion: Its Resolution from the Perspective of Jayanta Bhaṭṭa.

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Microfinance has emerged as a pivotal instrument for fostering entrepreneurial empowerment among small-scale vendors, particularly within the context of large-scale socio-cultural gatherings such as the Maha Kumbh Mela. The recent 2025 Maha Kumbh attract approximately 600 millions of pilgrims and tourists, offers a substantial economic prospect for both local and migrant micro-entrepreneurs. This study investigates the strategic role of microfinance in facilitating accessible credit, augmenting working capital, and ensuring the sustainability of small enterprises during the event. This study critically evaluates the influence of micro-loans on income generation, business growth, and the promotion of financial inclusion within the informal economy. Furthermore, the research engages with the inherent challenges in the sector, including elevated interest rates, repayment pressures, and the pervasive deficit of financial literacy. The findings underscore the transformative potential of microfinance in enhancing the livelihoods of marginalized entrepreneurs during this mega-events.

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Microfinance, Small-Scale Vendors, Entrepreneurial Empowerment, Maha Kumbh 2025, Financial Inclusion, Informal Economy

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By using female characters as heroes in Indian video games, the status of women has been promoted, but the commonly-used patterns of representation always have their basis in one of these categories that have been handed down through history: the woman who must be rescued and is therefore part of a narrative damsel in distress or woman as the goddess of myth with her transcendental values and symbols one civilization sign. This study contends that getting beyond both these patterns requires theoretical work anchored not merely on inert strength but also itself be built on body (from the way she was framed to the result in cultural code), on dexterity (what a player can do through her), and on personality because of them, her desires and decisions become the skeleton around which subsequent development spins out. Through the staged, qualitative case study grounded in Raji: An Ancient Epic, MISSING - Game for a Cause, and Venba, supported with extra India-specific examples (Unrest - Devi: A Light in the Dark - Ajnabee: A Stranger Vocal Horror Stories--Gaja ), this paper elaborates five major ways of representing Indian heroines: the mythic heroine the activist/survivor the female protagonist who lives with or is apart from family, both at home and abroad the ensemble lead in a civic political drama the contemporary psychological subject Findings show that reasons for moves away from damsel/deity typicity become convincing only when games design the issue at mechanical level (choice architectures, pacing philosophy s of failure), when they interfere with traditions of "gaze" through framing and graphic grammar, and if they approve women as playable outside rescue or worship Paper concludes with a gender-saved design frame for India's game-making scene, stressing representational variety, intersectionality specificity and the grounding aesthetic that is Should be for cultural form of creativity.

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Indian video games; female protagonists; feminist game studies; postcolonial game studies; gender representation; character aesthetics

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In today's fast-paced digital world, students and professionals often struggle to identify the right learning path aligned with their interests, skills, and career goals. SkillWise is an AI-powered full stack web application designed to assist users in making informed decisions about their career development through personalized roadmaps, curated course recommendations, and project ideas. The platform allows users to input their current skills via a resume parser or manual form, and uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to extract relevant data. A machine learning model then analyzes the profile and suggests a personalized learning roadmap with free/paid courses from platforms like YouTube, Coursera, and edX. Additionally, SkillWise recommends GitHub project ideas relevant to the user's goals to encourage hands-on practice. The system features a dynamic dashboard where users can visualize their progress, save learning resources, and receive periodic guidance. The backend is built using Flask/Node.js, the frontend with React.js, and data is stored in MongoDB. AI/NLP models (using Cohere API or OpenAI) power the recommendation system. The platform is designed to be scalable, modular, and impactful, offering career clarity to learners across domains.

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Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Career Guidance, Recommendation System, Resume Parsing, Personalized Learning.

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effectiveness, structured teaching program , people, rural area, AB-PMJAY

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Samarendranath Pandey (1950s-80s) was a name that resonated with the common people. The man reached us via his fictional detective, Dipak Chatterjee, created under his pen name Swapan Kumar. The stories by him still remain a matter of 'dispute' in most Bengali households especially in an era dominated by Mass Media. Unlike other fictitious sleuths, Dipak was different in himself. Highly inspired by "westernized" culture. Swapan Kumar's tales were pathbreaking. It is no wonder that it found a place in the pulp fiction category. For the very first time, readers in Bengal witnessed a detective like Dipak. He was more of a super-hero than a common man. Swapan Kumar's tales were action-driven, not rooted in realistic investigation. It is through this paper that I have tried to paint the character of Dipak- kind of a Gen-Z sleuth in the light of contemporary society where people have already witnessed the craze of an 'Avengers', Marvel, DC superhero. The paper also examines the relevance and extent of his mass appeal in contemporary society.

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sleuth mass pulp fiction

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Abstract Background Homeopathy is an individualized system of medicine practiced globally for more than two centuries. Despite its widespread clinical application, its integration into contemporary evidence-based healthcare remains a subject of ongoing academic debate. The evolving theme of "Advanced Research in Homeopathy" highlights the need to strengthen research frameworks that respect individualization while meeting modern scientific standards. Aim To analyse contemporary research trends in homeopathy and examine how clinical practice, research methodology, and physiological understanding can be integrated to advance evidence-based homeopathy. Objectives 1. To review current research methodologies applied in homeopathic studies 2. To evaluate limitations of conventional biomedical research designs in individualized systems 3. To explore emerging physiological and systems-based perspectives relevant to homeopathy 4. To identify future directions for advanced homeopathic research Materials and Methods This paper adopts a narrative review and conceptual analysis approach. Peer-reviewed journal articles, systematic reviews, policy documents, and standard textbooks related to homeopathy, evidence-based medicine, physiology, systems biology, and psychoneuroimmunology were reviewed. Literature was sourced through electronic databases and manual searches. The collected material was analysed thematically to identify prevailing research models, methodological challenges, physiological correlates, and research gaps relevant to advanced homeopathic research. Observations / Results The review identified increasing recognition of practice-based evidence, pragmatic trials, observational studies, and outcome-based clinical documentation as suitable research approaches for homeopathy. Conventional randomized controlled trials were found to have limitations in capturing individualized therapeutic responses. Advances in physiology--particularly systems biology and psychoneuroimmunology--provide conceptual frameworks supporting regulatory and adaptive models of therapeutic action. Lifestyle and chronic disorders emerged as key areas where homeopathic research demonstrates clinical relevance through patient-centered outcomes. Discussion Advanced research in homeopathy requires methodological pluralism rather than exclusive reliance on reductionist models. Integrating clinical experience with structured documentation and physiological insights may enhance scientific credibility without compromising homeopathic principles. Academic institutions play a crucial role in nurturing research literacy, ethical conduct, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Conclusion Advancing evidence-based homeopathy necessitates an integrative research paradigm that bridges clinical practice, methodological innovation, and contemporary physiological understanding. Such an approach can strengthen the scientific foundation of homeopathy and support its role in modern healthcare systems.

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Keywords: Homeopathy, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodology, Systems Biology, Physiology, Practice-Based Evidence.

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Abstract The rapid expansion of digital information services has made the online presence of academic libraries a critical component of institutional visibility and user engagement. This study evaluates the digital presence of selected Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) libraries through a webometric analysis of their official library websites. Using indicators such as Web Impact Factor (WIF), page count, external in links, domain authority, and content accessibility, the study assesses the extent This study presents a webometric approach to systematically evaluation of the library websites services and its digital presence of a newer selected Indian Institute of Management (IIM`s) commonly known as the Baby IIM's. There are 9 baby IIM`s and all are established after 2010. Now a days the web presence is very important for the official notification and services among all faculty and students. Library websites / Webpages provide various rich collections and services among students. It is perfect to understand the current collection of data available on websites, up-to-date information, and user-friendly. Websites offer information about their collection, e resources. The study identifies an analysis of collection and sharing information for end users.

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World Wide Web (WWW), Webometric, 9 baby IIMs, Library Websites.

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The history of India-Bangladesh relation is characterized by a rich legacy with mutual dependencies. The two Nations share deep economic, political and social interactions, as well as cultural and geographical proximity. India and Bangladesh share profound ties, grounded in a common history. Before the 1947 in the undivided India, Bangladesh was a part of the undivided Bengal Province. The partition split Bengal into India and Pakistan, forming West Pakistan, i.e now Pakistan and East Pakistan,i.e now Bangladesh.The India-Bangladesh relationship was defined mostly by the liberation war of 1971.India was front and Center in the Bangladesh independence movement against Pakistan.The war led to the establishment of Bangladesh as an independent country and strengthened bilateral relations. India went a step further when it not only recognized Bangladesh as a sovereign state but also provided military and humanitarian support and good will that has endured since. After the Independence, India and Bangladesh formed strong diplomatic relations which saw several landmark agreements.These harmonies have played an important role in sustaining cooperative relations,notably with respect to economic, cultural and security co-operation.However,the fragile relationship is jeopardized by the recent political upheaval in Bangladesh,which bears risks and complication for India.Bangladesh is engulfed in grave political,economic and social crisis which is also affecting its bilateral ties with India.

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Geographical proximity,Liberation war of 1971,Teesta water Dispute,July Revolution 2024, illegal migration,South Asian neighbours,Farraka Barrage, Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement.

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Indoor air pollution is a significant concern due to the accumulation of harmful pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde and carbon dioxide (CO?) in enclosed environments. This work presents the development of an eco-friendly air-purifying plaster, Aeroplast, formulated using eco wall plaster cement, hydrated lime, natural zeolite, and activated charcoal. The material is designed to passively improve indoor air quality through adsorption and chemical interaction without the need for external energy. Experimental evaluation included tests on workability, setting time, and compressive strength to determine overall performance. The Optimum Design Mix (ODM) exhibited a compressive strength of 6.12 MPa along with improved fresh properties and suitable setting characteristics. Pollution adsorption performance was assessed using a sealed chamber setup with IAQ tester, which indicated effective reduction of indoor pollutants. The developed plaster demonstrates good mechanical performance and pollutant adsorption capability, making it a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for improving indoor air quality in building applications.

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Indoor Air Quality, Air-Purifying Plaster, Eco-Friendly Materials, Pollutant Adsorption, Zeolite, Activated Charcoal, Hydrated Lime, Optimum Design Mix (ODM)

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Abstract Women have an important role in our culture. Welfare programs initiated by the government have been instrumental in promoting women's empowerment in India by tackling fundamental disparities in education, health, job opportunities, and social security. This paper examines the impact of key initiatives like as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, Mahila E-Haat, Mahila Shakti Kendra and Kanyashree Prakalpa on enhancing women's socio-economic status. Drawing on secondary data sources including government reports, census statistics, and scholarly studies, the study evaluates improvements in female literacy, financial inclusion, entrepreneurship, health outcomes, and participation in decision-making processes. The findings suggest that conditional cash transfers, skill development programs, and livelihood support schemes have strengthened women's access to resources and opportunities. However, challenges like as regional disparities, implementation gaps, and socio-cultural barriers continue to limit the transformative potential of these schemes. This paper concludes that sustained policy commitment and grassroots awareness are essential to achieve inclusive and long-term empowerment of women in India.

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Women's Empowerment; Government Welfare Schemes; Gender Equality; Financial Inclusion; Skill Development; Public Policy

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The rapid adoption of digital technologies in Human Resource Management has transformed tradition-al HR functions such as recruitment, performance appraisal, and employee monitoring. While Digital Hu-man Resource Management (DHRM) enhances efficiency and data-driven decision-making, it also raises significant ethical concerns. This study aims to identify and examine the major ethical challenges associated with digital HR practices from an employee perspective. Adopting a descriptive and empirical research design, primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 120 respondents using digital HR systems. The study focuses on key ethical issues including data privacy, confidentiality, algorithmic bias, transparency in automated decision-making, and employee surveillance. Descriptive statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean score analysis, and ranking methods were employed for data analysis. The findings reveal that data privacy and lack of transparency in digital HR decisions are perceived as the most critical ethical challenges. The study emphasizes the need for clear ethical guidelines, responsible use of HR technologies, and enhanced ethical awareness among HR professionals to ensure sustain-able digital HR practices.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital HRM, Performance Appraisal, Ethical Awareness, Transparency

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